What is calcium hexaboride?
Calcium boride CaB6 is a boron-containing additive used as an antioxidant, anti-erosion and thermal strength enhancer for dolomite carbon and magnesium dolomite carbon refractory materials. It is also used as a deaerating and degassing agent to improve the electrical conductivity and strength of highly conductive purple copper and as a chemical agent for other chemical applications.
There are many compounds between B-Ca, but the common and more stable one is CaB6, so calcium boride mainly refers to calcium hexaboride CaB6. Its structure is AB6 and RB6, A represents alkaline earth, R represents rare earth, and the other six boron compounds have a common structure, CsCl structure; the difference is that B6 octahedron instead of Cs position, due to the existence of a strong covalent bond between B-B, so that it has a high melting point, hardness characteristics. Its physicochemical properties are quite stable. When calcined in air, submicron CaB6 only shows thermal weight gain after 800 degrees C and is not easily oxidized. CaB6 is generally insoluble in hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, so it is technically removed by hot hydrochloric acid to remove impurity materials, but CaB6 is soluble in nitric acid.
Physicochemical characteristics of calcium hexaboride
Calcium hexaboride is a black solid. Hardness 9. relative density 2. 33, melting point 2373-K. In the air, it is sable at high temperatures. Insoluble in hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, and dilute sulfuric acid. Does not react with water. It can be eroded by strong oxidizing agents such as chlorine, fluorine, nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide, etc. Reacts very slowly with alkali. It can have three states at room temperature, powder, single crystal and polycrystal.
Due to the high melting point, high strength and chemical stability of calcium hexaboride, many of them also have special functionalities, such as low electron work function, constant specific resistance, zero thermal expansion value in a certain temperature range, different types of magnetic order and high neutron absorption coefficient. These superior properties determine its wide application prospects in various device components of modern technology.
At the same time, because of the characteristics of the boron and calcium atomic connection structure in calcium boride leads to its high melting point, certain electrical conductivity and excellent anti-electromagnetic radiation properties.
1.Calcium hexaboride is a dark grey powder or granule. Melting point 2230℃, relative density is 2.33g/cm, insoluble in water at room temperature of 15℃.
2, silicon boride is a glossy black, grey powder with a relative density of 3.0g/cm, a melting point of 2200 ℃, the grinding efficiency is higher than boron carbide, more than silicon carbide, they have insoluble in water, anti-oxidation, thermal shock resistance, chemical erosion resistance and other characteristics. They have high strength and stability, especially under thermal shock.
Calcium hexaboride production methods
Calcium boride has a variety of production methods. Suitable for large-scale production are boron carbide, calcium carbonate and carbon powder. The reaction conditions are under vacuum conditions, and the reaction temperature is 1400 ~ 1800 ℃, in a certain reaction time.
The application of calcium hexaboride
The nuclear industry with for neutron absorption materials, copper refining industry deoxidizers, electronic industry components of doping source, and refractory additives. At present, the research and application of calcium hexaboride ceramics have developed rapidly; the product formulations are no longer limited to powder products, and polycrystalline products are increasingly mature, in line with the development of new materials, for calcium hexaboride provides new application areas.
1.Calcium hexaboride is used as a boron-containing additive for dolomite carbon and magnesia dolomite carbon refractory materials to resist oxidation, and erosion and improve the strength of the hot state.
2.Calcium hexaboride is used as a deaerating and degassing agent for high-conductive purple copper to improve electrical conductivity and strength.
3, used as a new material for the nuclear industry to prevent neutrons.
4, used as a new semiconductor material in the spin electron component of the Curie temperature 900K.
5.Used as raw material for manufacturing boron trichloride (BCl3) and amorphous boron.
6.Calcium hexaboride is used as raw material for manufacturing high-purity metal borides (TiB2, ZrB2, HfB2, etc.) and high-purity boron alloys (Ni-B, Co-B, Cu-B, etc.).
7, used as a mixture for the manufacture of calcium-boron nitride (Ca3B2N4) and hexagonal boron nitride-containing catalyst, with its excellent performance in the production of crystalline cubic boron nitride.
8.Calcium hexaboride is used as a boron alloy cast iron desulfurization and oxygenation boron enhancer.
9, used as a boron steel desulfurization and oxygenation boron enhancer.
10.Calcium hexaboride is used as a deoxidizer for metal smelting.
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