1. Muhimmin Chemistry da Crystallographic Design na Taxi SHIDA
1.1 Tsarin Boron-Richt da Tsarin Ƙirar Lantarki
(Calcium Hexaboride)
Calcium hexaboride (TAXI ₆) wani stoichiometric karfe boride ne wanda ke fitowa daga yanayin kasa-kasa da hexaborides na alkaline., wanda aka bambanta ta hanyar haɗaɗɗun ionic guda ɗaya, covalent, da ƙarfe bonding halaye.
Tsarinsa na crystal yana ɗaukar lattice mai siffar cubic CsCl (rukunin sararin samaniya PM-3m), inda atom ɗin calcium ke zaune a gefuna cube da ƙaƙƙarfan tsari mai girma uku na boron octahedra. (B₆ na'urorin) ya tsaya a wurin jikin.
Kowane boron octahedron yana kunshe da zarra na boron guda shida waɗanda aka haɗa su cikin tsari mai ma'ana., haifar da m, hanyar sadarwa mara ƙarancin lantarki da ke tallafawa ta hanyar canja wurin farashi daga zarra na calcium electropositive electropositive.
Wannan canja wurin farashi yana kaiwa zuwa sashin watsa shirye-shirye na juzu'i, ba da tasi shida tare da ƙarfin wutar lantarki da ba a saba gani ba don samfurin yumbu– a kan tsari na 10 ⁵ S/m a matakin zafin jiki– duk da babban tazarar sa na kusan 1.0– 1.3 eV kamar yadda aka kafa ta hanyar sha na gani da binciken binciken hoto.
Farkon wannan sirrin– high conductivity data kasance gefe-da-gefe tare da gagarumin bandgap– ya kasance batun nazari mai zurfi, tare da ra'ayoyi da ke ba da shawarar ganuwa na jihohin lahani na ciki, rashin ƙarfi na surface, ko hanyoyin tafiyar da polaronic gami da haɗakar phonon na gida.
Ƙididdigar ƙa'idodin farko na baya-bayan nan suna ɗaukar ƙira wanda mafi ƙarancin adadin watsawa ke samun yawa daga Ca 5d orbitals, yayin da valence band ke mamaye jihohin B 2p, samar da siriri, tarwatsa band cewa inganta electron motsi.
1.2 Tsaron zafi da injina a cikin Matsalolin Matsalolin
A matsayin yumbu mai jujjuyawa, TAXICAB ₆ yana nuna tsayayyen yanayin zafi, tare da narkewar ta wuce 2200 ° C da rashin nauyi-asara a inert ko injin tsabtace saitunan har zuwa 1800 ° C.
Babban zafinta na tarwatsewa da rage matsa lamba na tururi ya sa ya dace da babban zafin jiki na gine-gine da aikace-aikace masu amfani inda gaskiyar kayan aiki a ƙarƙashin damuwa na thermal yana da mahimmanci..
Na inji, CaB ₆ yana da ƙarfi na Vickers na kusan 25– 30 GPA, sanya shi a cikin mafi wuya sanannun borides da kuma nuna juriyar B– B covalent bond a cikin tsarin octahedral.
Har ila yau, kayan yana nuna ƙarancin haɓakawar haɓakar thermal (~ 6.5 × 10 ⁻ / K), yana ba da gudummawa ga fitaccen juriyar girgiza zafin zafi– inganci mai mahimmanci ga sassa dangane da saurin dumama da yanayin sanyaya.
Waɗannan kaddarorin mazaunin, haɗe da rashin kuzarin sinadari zuwa narkakkar karafa da slags, yana ƙarfafa amfani da shi a cikin crucibles, thermocouple sheaths, da ma'aunin zafi mai zafi a cikin masana'antar ƙarfe da yanayin sarrafa masana'antu.
( Calcium Hexaboride)
Haka kuma, TAXICAB ₆ yana bayyana juriya na musamman ga oxidation da aka jera a ƙasa 1000 ° C; duk da haka, sama da wannan iyaka, oxidation surface yankin zuwa calcium borate da boric oxide na iya faruwa, da ake buƙatar ƙarewar kariya ko sarrafawar aiki a cikin yanayi mai sanya kuzari.
2. Hannun Haɓakawa da Ƙirƙirar Ƙira
2.1 Na al'ada da Nagartattun Dabarun Kera
Haɗin taksi mai tsafta guda shida yawanci ya haɗa da ƙaƙƙarfan martani na jiha tsakanin abubuwan da ake kira calcium da boron a yanayin zafi mai tsayi..
Hanyoyin da aka saba sun haɗa da raguwar calcium oxide (CaO) tare da boron carbide (B ₄ C) ko muhimmin boron karkashin inert ko vacuum yanayi a yanayin zafi tsakanin 1200 ° C da 1600 ° C. ^
. Yakamata a daidaita martanin sosai don gujewa samuwar ƙarin matakai kamar taksi huɗu ko taxi na BIYU., wanda zai iya lalata aikin lantarki da na inji.
Madadin fasahohin sun ƙunshi ragewar carbothermal, narkewar baka, da kuma haɗin kan injiniyoyi ta amfani da ƙarfin kuzari mai ƙarfi, wanda zai iya rage martanin zazzabi matakan da kuma bunkasa foda homogeneity.
Don abubuwan haɗin yumbu mai yawa, hanyoyin sintiri kamar matsi mai zafi (HP) ko haifar da sintepon plasma (SPS) ana amfani da su don cika kusan-ƙidar ƙididdiga yayin da rage haɓakar hatsi da kiyaye manyan ƙananan ƙananan abubuwa.
SPS, musamman, yana ba da damar haɓakawa cikin sauri a ƙananan yanayin zafi da gajeriyar lokutan zama, rage haɗarin haɓakar calcium da kiyaye stoichiometry.
2.2 Doping da Bayar da Kimiyyar Kimiyya don Daidaita Gida
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan ci gaban da aka samu a cikin binciken bincike na CaB ₆ shine ikon daidaita dijital da ma'aunin wutar lantarki ko kaddarorin kasuwanci tare da gangan doping da injin injiniya..
Sauya calcium tare da lanthanum (The), cerium (Ce), ko wasu abubuwan da ba kasafai ba na duniya suna gabatar da ƙarin masu samar da kuɗi, yana inganta haɓakar wutar lantarki mai mahimmanci da kuma sa ya yiwu ga ayyukan thermoelectric na nau'in n.
Hakazalika, Sauya wani ɓangare na boron tare da carbon ko nitrogen na iya tsara kauri na jihohin kusa da matakin Fermi, haɓaka ƙimar Seebeck da jimlar ƙimar thermoelectric gabaɗaya (ZT).
Abubuwan da ke cikin asali, musamman aikin calcium, Hakanan yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tantance aiki.
Nazarin bincike ya nuna cewa taksi shida yawanci suna nuna ƙarancin calcium saboda rashin ƙarfi a duk lokacin sarrafa zafin jiki., haifar da gudanar da rami da ayyuka na nau'in p a wasu samfurori.
Daidaita stoichiometry ta hanyar ingantaccen kulawar yanayi da haɓakawa yayin haɗin gwiwa shine dalilin da ya sa yana da mahimmanci don ingantaccen ingantaccen aiki a cikin aikace-aikacen juyawa na dijital da ikon..
3. Kayayyakin Aiki da Fantasy na Jiki a cikin Taxi ₆
3.1 Abubuwan Fitar da Wutar Lantarki na Musamman da Aikace-aikace na Filaye
CaB ₆ sananne ne don ƙarancin aikin sa– kusan 2.5 eV– tsakanin mafi arha don samfuran yumbu masu tsayayye– mai da shi ɗan takara na musamman na thermionic da yanki masu fitar da lantarki.
Wannan wurin zama ko na kasuwanci yana faruwa ne daga haɗakar babban taro na lantarki da tsari mai fa'ida a saman dipole, yana ba da damar ingantacciyar fitarwar lantarki a daidaitattun matakan zafin jiki wanda ya bambanta da samfuran al'ada kamar tungsten (aikin aiki ~ 4.5 eV).
Saboda wannan, Ana amfani da cathodes na tushen TAXICAB shida a cikin kayan aikin katako na lantarki, ciki har da na'urar daukar hoto microscopic ruwan tabarau (WANE), electron biam welders, da kuma microwave tubes, inda suke samar da tsawon rayuwa, rage matakan zafin aiki, kuma mafi girma haske fiye da na al'ada emitters.
Nanostructured taksi fina-finai shida da gashi har ma da ƙara haɓaka aikin fitarwa ta hanyar haɓaka ƙarfin yankin lantarki na yanki a cikin ra'ayoyi masu kyau., yana ba da damar yin aikin cathode mai sanyi a cikin injin tsabtace injin microelectronics da allon nunin tebur.
3.2 Ƙarfafawar Neutron da Ƙarfin Kariyar Radiation
Ƙarin ƙarfin mahimmanci na CaB ₆ yana cikin ƙarfin sha neutron, musamman saboda babban magudanar neutron mai zafi da ke kama sashin giciye na ¹⁰ B isotop (3837 sito).
Halitta boron ya ƙunshi dangane 20% ¹⁰ B, da wadatar CaB shida tare da mafi girman ¹⁰ B kayan za a iya keɓance su don ingantaccen ingantaccen garkuwar neutron.
Lokacin da aka yi rikodin neutron ta hanyar ¹⁰ B tsakiya, yana kawar da amsawar nukiliya ¹⁰ B(n, a)Li, sakin alpha barbashi da lithium ions waɗanda aka tsayar da su cikin dacewa a cikin kayan, canza radiyon neutron daidai zuwa guntun caji mara lahani.
Wannan yana sanya ₆ taksi ya zama abin ban sha'awa don abubuwan shaye-shaye na Neutron a cikin masana'antar wutar lantarki, zuba jari gas ajiya, da tsarin gano radiation.
Sabanin boron carbide (B ₄ C), wanda zai iya kumbura a ƙarƙashin iskar neutron saboda haɓakar helium, CaB ₆ yana nuna babban tsaro mai girma da juriya ga lalacewar radiation, musamman a yanayin zafi.
Babban abin narkewar sa da kuma dorewar sinadarai kuma suna inganta iyawarsa don aika dogon lokaci a muhallin nukiliya.
4. Tashi da Aikace-aikacen Masana'antu a cikin Fasahar Fasaha
4.1 Canjin Makamashi na Thermoelectric da Farfadowar Zafin Sharar gida
Haɗin haɓakar wutar lantarki mai girma, matsakaicin Seebeck coefficient, da rage yawan zafin jiki (saboda phonon da ake yadawa ta hanyar tsarin boron) saituna CaB ₆ azaman kayan aikin thermoelectric mai ban sha'awa don kayan aiki- zuwa girbi makamashi mai zafi.
Doped bambance-bambancen karatu, musamman La-doped tasi shida, a zahiri sun nuna darajar ZT ta zarce 0.5 a 1000 K, tare da iya aiki don ƙarin haɓakawa ta hanyar nanostructuring da ƙirar iyakacin hatsi.
Ana gano waɗannan samfuran don amfani a cikin janareta na thermoelectric (TEGs) wanda ke juyar da sharar haɗari mai dumi– daga tsarin dumama karfe, shaye tsarin, ko kuma wutar lantarki– cikin wutar lantarki mai amfani.
Tsaron su a cikin iska da juriya ga iskar oxygen a matakan zafin jiki masu tasowa suna ba da babbar fa'ida akan na'urorin thermoelectric na gargajiya kamar PbTe ko SiGe, wanda ke kira ga yanayin kariya.
4.2 Babban Rufe, Abubuwan da aka haɗa, da Platform Material Quantum
Babban aikace-aikacen da suka gabata, Ana haɗa TAXICAB ₆ daidai cikin kayan da aka haɗa da yadudduka masu amfani don haɓaka ƙarfi, sa juriya, da halayen fitarwa na lantarki.
Misali, TAXI SHIDA-haɓaka haske mai nauyi aluminium ko mahaɗan matrix na jan karfe suna nuna mafi kyawun ƙarfin hali da tsaro na zafi don aikace-aikacen sadarwar sararin samaniya da lantarki..
Ƙananan fina-finai na taksi shida da aka canjawa wuri ta hanyar sputtering ko ƙwanƙwasa Laser ana yin amfani da su a cikin sutura masu tauri., yaduwa cikas, da yadudduka masu ƙyalli a cikin kayan aikin dijital.
Ƙarin kwanan nan, lu'ulu'u ɗaya da fina-finan epitaxial na taksi shida a zahiri sun ja hankalin sha'awar ilimin kimiyyar lissafi saboda rikodin halayen maganadisu da ba a zata ba., wanda ya ƙunshi da'awar feromagnetism-zazzabi a cikin samfuran doped– ko da yake wannan yana ci gaba da zama abin tambaya kuma mai yiwuwa yana da alaƙa da lahani da ke haifar da maganadisu maimakon tsari na dogon lokaci..
Komai, CaB ₆ yana aiki azaman tsarin ƙira don nazarin sakamakon haɗin lantarki, topological dijital jihohin, da jigilar kayayyaki a cikin hadaddun boride latticeworks.
a takaice, Calcium hexaboride yana misalta haɗakar taurin gine-gine da kuma dacewa mai amfani a cikin ingantattun tukwane..
Haɗin sa na musamman na babban ƙarfin lantarki, thermal kwanciyar hankali, sha neutron, da kuma fitarwar lantarki na zama ko kaddarorin kasuwanci suna ba da damar aikace-aikace ta hanyar makamashi, nukiliya, lantarki, da kayayyakin kimiyyar yankin sunayen.
Yayin da hada-hadar da dabarun kara kuzari ke ci gaba da ci gaba, An sanya CaB ₆ don yin aiki mai mahimmanci a cikin fasahar zamani na gaba da ke buƙatar ingantaccen aiki mai yawa a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai tsanani..
5. Mai bayarwa
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