Manganese oxide minerals have been used for thousands of years

Manganese oxide minerals have been used for thousands of years—by the ancients for pigments and to clarify glass, and today as ores of Mn metal, catalysts, and battery material. More than 30 Mn oxide minerals occur in various geological settings. They are significant components of Mn nodules that pave vast areas of the ocean floor and bottoms of many fresh-water lakes. Mn oxide minerals are ubiquitous in soils and sediments and participate in various chemical reactions that affect groundwater an

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Composite material aluminum boron is characterized by a combination of high strength

What is Aluminum Boride?Aluminum boride is an ionic compound with a hexagonal crystal structure. Aluminum boride will be transformed into a superconductor at an absolute temperature of slightly 40K (equivalent to -233 ℃). And its actual operating temperature is 20 ~ 30K. We can use liquid neon, liquid hydrogen, or a closed-cycle refrigerator to finish cooling to reach this temperature. Compared to the current industry using liquid helium to cool the niobium alloy (4K), these methods are simpler

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MSE PRO Nickel Titanium Metal Powder for Additive Manufacturing

What is Nickel Titanium?Nickel Titanium (also known as Nitinol™) is the class of materials known as the shape memory alloys. nitinol powder Specific surface area(m2/g) is 12.3, Ni-Ti alloy powder Volume density(g/cm3) is 0.15, nitinol powder Color is Black. Nitinol is used to manufacture catheter tubes, guidewires, stone retrieval baskets, filters, needles, dental files, archwires, and other surgical instruments (6). A particularly important use of Nitinol is in stents. Nitinol or Nickel Titaniu

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What is molybdenum Disilicide used for

What is Molybdenum disilicide?Molybdenum disilicide (MoSi2, or molybdenum silicide), an intermetallic compound, a silicide of molybdenum, is a refractory ceramic with primary use in heating elements. It has moderate density, a melting point of 2030 °C, and is electrically conductive. The thermal stability of MoSi2, alongside its high emissivity, makes this material, WSi2, attractive for applications as a high emissivity coating in heat shields for atmospheric entry. MoSi2 is a gray metallic-loo

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Graphite’s remarkably diverse properties allow it to be used in many different ways

Graphite's remarkably diverse properties allow it to be used in many ways. By volume, most of the Graphite mined in the United States is used to line the interior of furnaces or to make crucibles for use in high-temperature foundries since Graphite can withstand extremely high temperatures without melting. It's high melting temperature and insoluble nature also mean that large amounts of Graphite are used as lubricants and in manufacturing brake linings, alkaline batteries and paints. Because of

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Silicon dioxide has been used as a primary gate dielectric material

Silicon dioxide has been used as a primary gate dielectric material in metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) for over 30 years. However, as the dimension of MOSFET devices is scaled down to sub-0.1μm, higher dielectric constant materials are needed to allow the use of physically thicker gate dielectric with electrically equivalent oxide thickness (EOT). Also, amorphous structure material with highly stable interface on silicon is required. Among many high-k materials, hafn

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SiO2 is an amorphous material used in microsystems

Silicon dioxide, SiO2, is an amorphous material used in microsystems as a dielectric in capacitors and transistors, insulator to isolate various electronic elements, and structural or sacrificial layer in many micromachining processes. Thin oxide films are quickly grown or deposited on silicon wafers using different techniques reviewed in Section 2.3. High-quality oxide films provide excellent electrical insulation with resistivity values as high as 1010 Ω-m. Oxide films are also good thermal in

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Elemental Boron is a metalloid

What is boron?Boron is a chemical element with the symbol B and atomic number 5. Its crystalline form is a brittle, dark, lustrous metalloid; in its amorphous structure, it is a brown powder. As the lightest element of the boron group, it has three valence electrons for forming covalent bonds, resulting in many compounds such as boric acid, the mineral sodium borate, and the ultra-hard crystals of boron carbide and boron nitride. Boron is synthesized entirely by cosmic ray spallation and superno

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CuO nanomaterials could also be used as good substitution for expensive noble metal cathode in dye solar cell

CuO nanomaterials could also be a good substitution for expensive noble metal cathodes in dye solar cells. This topic was first introduced by Anandan et al. In 2005, the optimal power conversion efficiency when using CuO nanorods as electrodes was 0.29% compared with 1.23% when using Pt as an electrode in the same condition, using CuO nanoneedles of the higher surface active area, Liu et al. They obtained an efficiency of 1.12% for TiO2-based dye solar cells. This result shows that nanomaterials

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What are the uses of cuprous oxide

What is copper oxide?Copper(I) Oxide is also called cuprous oxide, an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Cu2O. It is covalent. Copper(I) oxide crystallizes in a cubic structure. It is easily reduced by hydrogen when heated. It undergoes disproportionation in acid solutions producing copper(II) ions and copper. When the cupric oxide is gently heated with metallic copper, it is converted into cuprous oxide. It acts as a good corrosion resistance due to reactions at the surface between th

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Does foam concrete absorb water

What is Concrete Foaming Agent?"Foamed concrete" is made by adding a foaming agent into a mixed mortar in a truck mixer. Foamed concrete is a nonstructural void filler that excavators can dig out. It is used for trench backfill and similar applications. The air content is over 50%, compared with about 5% in air-entrained concrete. Foamed concrete typically consists of a slurry of cement or fly ash, sand, and water. However, some suppliers recommend pure cement and water with the foaming agent fo

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The apparatus used to apply the MoS2 powder to the disks

The application apparatus was designed to fit under the bell jar of a vacuum system. The atmosphere in which the films were applied could thus be controlled by evacuating the bell jar and backfilling it with the desired atmosphere. Previous results (ref. 15) have shown that films applied in moist air are thicker and dense than films applied under dryer conditions. Thus the films used in these experiments were applied in moist air (10 000-ppm H20). A rider and disk (with applied MoS2 film) were i

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Apple released an Android app

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Thermal conductivity of graphite

Graphite has excellent thermal conductivity combined with high-temperature resistance. Graphite does not have a melting point; it changes from the solid state directly into the gaseous state. This process is called sublimation. Graphite becomes plastically deformable in an inert gas atmosphere starting at 2500 °C. At temperatures above 3750 °C, Graphite sublimates even without oxygen. Graphite is one of the most chemically resistant materials. It is resistant to almost all media of organic chemi

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