Zinc sulfide (Sachtolith) is mainly used in plastics. Functional properties such as lightning and hiding power are criteria for using Sachtolith. It has proved to be very useful for colouring many thermoplastics. During the dispersion process, it doe...…
Yellowish-white powder. ZnS exists in two crystalline forms, α (wurtzite) and β (sphalerite). Stable if kept dry. α: d 3.98. β: d 4.102, changes to α form at 1020C. Sublimes at 1180C. Soluble in acids; insoluble in water. Pigment for paints, oilcloth...…
Zinc sulfide occurs in nature in two crystalline forms: wurtzite and sphalerite. Sulfide ore is the principal zinc mineral. The most important use of Zinc sulfide is as a pigment. As lithopone, a mixture with barium sulfate, it forms a low gloss inte...…
These sulfides are relatively inert, dissolve into acid, and are insoluble in water and alkalis. Zinc sulfide causes flaming decomp /of hydrazinium nitrate / above the melting point (70 °C). / Hydrazinium nitrate: alone, etc/ The reaction between iod...…
ZnS has a unique structure type compared to other molecules, having different types of individual structures. ZnS can have a zinc blende struck, ais a "diamond-type net, "or rk", and at a different temperature, ZnS can become the wurtzite structure w...…
Silicon dioxide has been used as a primary gate dielectric material in metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) for over 30 years. However, as the dimension of MOSFET devices is scaled down to sub-0.1μm, higher dielectric constant...…
Silicon dioxide, SiO2, is an amorphous material used in microsystems as a dielectric in capacitors and transistors, insulator to isolate various electronic elements, and structural or sacrificial layer in many micromachining processes. Thin oxide fil...…
Some types of SiO2 employed for industrial purposes include high-purity α-quartz, vitreous silica, silica gels, and diatomaceous earth. Very pure quartz crystals in oscillators and other electromechanical devices constitute one of the most critical a...…
Silicon dioxide coatings have been widely used for several reasons: it increases the solubility of the nanoparticles without altering their chemical properties, it is biocompatible, and it provides stability to the particle in changing environmental ...…
Silicon dioxide is the most commonly used insulator material in IC technology and the other fields of silicon device fabrication technology. This chapter explains the various aspects of the growth and deposition of silicon dioxides. It also shows the...…
Boron is added to boron steels at a few parts per million to increase hardenability. Due to Boron's neutron absorption ability, higher percentages are added to steels used in the nuclear industry. Boron can also increase the surface hardness of steel...…
Borosilicate glass, typically 12–15% B2O3, 80% SiO2, and 2% Al2O3, has a low coefficient of thermal expansion, giving it excellent resistance to thermal shock. Schott AG's "Duran" and Owens-Corning's trademarked Pyrex are two prominent brand names fo...…
Boron fibres (boron filaments) are high-strength, lightweight materials used chiefly for advanced aerospace structures as a component of composite materials, as well as limited production consumer and sporting goods such as golf clubs and fishing rod...…
The average cost of crystalline elemental Boron is US$5/g. Elemental Boron is chiefly used in making boron fibres, which are deposited by chemical vapour deposition on a tungsten core (see below). Boron fibres are used in lightweight composite applic...…
Boron is rare in the Universe and solar system due to trace formation in the Big Bang and stars. It is formed in minor amounts in cosmic ray spallation nucleosynthesis and may be found uncombined in cosmic dust and meteoroid materials. In the high ox...…
The word boron was coined from borax, the mineral from which it was isolated, by analogy with carbon, which boron resembles chemically. Borax in its mineral form (then known as tincal) first saw use as a glaze, beginning in China circa 300 AD. Some c...…
The earliest routes to elemental boron involved the reduction of boric oxide with metals such as magnesium or aluminum. However, the product is almost always contaminated with borides of those metals.[citation needed] Pure boron can be prepared by re...…
Boron is similar to carbon's capability to form stable covalently bonded molecular networks. Even nominally disordered (amorphous) boron contains regular boron icosahedra, which are connected randomly without long-range order. Crystalline boron is a ...…
Boron is the lightest element having an electron in a p-orbital in its ground state. But, unlike most other p-elements, it rarely obeys the octet rule and usually places only six electrons (in three molecular orbitals) onto its valence shell. Boron i...…
Boron is a chemical element with the symbol B and atomic number 5. Its crystalline form is a brittle, dark, lustrous metalloid; in its amorphous structure, it is a brown powder. As the lightest element of the boron group, it has three valence electro...…
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