1. Yakakosha Chemistry uye Crystallographic Dhizaini yeBoron Carbide
1.1 Molecular Composition uye Structural Complexity
(Boron Carbide Ceramic)
Boron carbide (B ZVINA C) inomira seimwe yezvinhu zvinokatyamadza uye zvetekinoroji zvakakosha zveceramic nekuda kwekusanganiswa kwayo kwakasiyana kwekusimba kwakasimba., pasi gobvu, uye yakasarudzika neutron absorption kugona.
Kemikari, chinhu chisiri-stoichiometric chinonyanya kuumbwa ne boron uye maatomu ecarbon, iine formula yakasarudzika yeB ₄ C, kunyangwe kuumbwa kwayo chaiko kunogona kusiyana kubva kuB₄ C kuenda kuB ₁₀. shanu C, inoratidza yakakura homogeneity siyana inotongwa neimwe nzira masisitimu mukati mayo akaomarara ecrystal lattice.
Iyo crystal framework ye boron carbide inobva kune rhombohedral system (chikwata chemuchadenga R3̄m), inozivikanwa netitatu-dimensional network ye12-atomu icosahedra– kuunganidzwa kwemaatomu eboroni– yakabatanidzwa neyakananga C-B-C kana C-C cheni padivi peiyo trigonal axis.
Izvi zvicosahedra, imwe neimwe inosanganisira 11 boron maatomu uye 1 carbon atomu (B ₁₁ C), dzakabatanidzwa zvine hushamwari neB yakasimba zvinoshamisa– B, B– C, uye C– C zvisungo, zvichibatsira kusimba rayo rinonakidza remagetsi uye kuchengetedzwa kwekupisa.
Kuonekwa kwezvikamu izvi zvepolyhedral uye cheni dzepakati zvinounza architectural anisotropy uye matambudziko emukati., izvo zvinokanganisa ese ma mechanika maitiro uye dijitari dzimba dzechigadzirwa.
Kusiyana nemaporcelain ari nyore akadai sealuminium kana silicon carbide, boron carbide's atomic atomic architecture inobvumira hukuru hwekugadziriswa kuchinjika., zvichiita kuti zvikwanisike kuumbwa kwekuremara uye kutenderera kwemari kunokanganisa kushanda kwayo pasi pekunetseka uye kunetseka uye irradiation.
1.2 Zvekugara uye Zvemagetsi Zvekugara Zvinoitika kubva kuAtomic Bonding
Iyo covalent bonding network mu boron carbide inotungamira kune imwe yepamusoro ino zivikanwa kuomarara kwakakosha pakati pezvigadzirwa zvekugadzira.– yechipiri chete kune ruby uye cubic boron nitride– kazhinji kubva 30 ku 38 Giredhi point average paVickers kusimba renji.
Ukobvu hwayo hwakaderedzwa zvakanyanya (~ 2.52 g/cm MATANHU), kuita kumativi 30% yakareruka kupfuura alumina uye inenge 70% yakareruka kupfuura simbi, kukosha kwakakosha muhuremu-sensitive application senge nhovo yega uye zvikamu zvemuchadenga.
Boron carbide inoratidzira yakanakisa makemikari inertness, kutsungirira kurohwa nemaasidhi akawanda uye maantacids pamwero wetembiricha yemuchadenga, kunyange zvazvo inogona kuwedzera oxidize 450 ° C mumhepo, kugadzira boric oxide (B ₂ O MATANHU) uye co2, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa kutendeseka kwechimiro mune yakakwirira-tembiricha oxidative marongero.
Iine bandgap yakakura (~ 2.1 eV), kuchiisa muchikamu se semiconductor ine zvingango shandisa mune yakakwirira-tembiricha yemagetsi uye nemwaranzi detectors..
Uyezve, yakakwira Seebeck coefficient uye yakaderedzwa yekupisa conductivity inoita kuti ive mumiriri weiyo thermoelectric simba shanduko., kunyanya munzvimbo dzakaoma umo zvinhu zvechinyakare zvinokundikana.
(Boron Carbide Ceramic)
Chigadzirwa chacho chinoratidzawo phenomenal neutron absorption nekuda kweiyo yakakwira neutron kutora muchinjiko-chikamu cheiyo ¹⁰ B isotope. (nezve 3837 matura emanyuturoni anopisa), zvichiita kuti zvive zvakakosha mumarodhi ekudzora nyukireya, kudzivirira, uye yakaisa gasi yekuchengetedza nzvimbo masisitimu.
2. Synthesis, Kubata, uye Zvipingamupinyi muDensification
2.1 Industrial Production uye Powder Kuvaka Nzira
Boron carbide inogadzirwa zvakanyanya nepamusoro-tembiricha carbothermal kuderera kwe boric acid (H ₃ BO ₃) kana boron oxide (B ₂ O VASHANU) ine kabhoni zviwanikwa zvakaita sepetroleum coke kana marasha mumaheater emagetsi arc anomhanya 2000 °C.
Mhinduro inoenderera se: 2B VAVIRI O VAVIRI + 7C → B INA C + 6CO, kubudisa coarse, angular poda inoda kugaya kwakawanda kuti iite submicron fragment saizi yakakodzera kubata ceramic..
Alternative synthesis nzira dzinosanganisira yekuzviparira yakakwirira-tembiricha synthesis (SHS), laser-induced chemical vapor deposition (CVD), uye maitiro anobatsira plasma, iyo inoshandisa zvirinani kutonga pamusoro pe stoichiometry uye fragment morphology asi isinganyanyi scalable pakushandiswa kwemaindasitiri..
Nekuda kwekusimba kwayo kwakanyanya, kukuya boron carbide kuita hupfu hombe kune simba guru uye panjodzi yekutapukirwa negriting media., zvinoda kushandisa boron carbide-lined mills kana polymeric grinding aids kuchengetedza kuchena.
Mapoda anokonzerwa anofanirwa kunyatsozivikanwa uye akaiswa deagglomerated kuvimbisa yunifomu kurongedza uye yakavimbika sintering.
2.2 Sintering Limitations uye Advanced Combination Approaches
Kuomerwa kwakakura mu boron carbide ceramic kuvaka ndeye covalent bonding hunhu uye yakaderera yekuzviparadzanisa coefficient., iyo inodzikamisa zvakanyanya densification panguva yakajairwa kusagadzikana sintering.
Uyewo pakupisa kuri kuuya 2200 °C, kusamanikidzwa sintering kunowanzo gadzira porcelain ne80– 90% zvekukora zvedzidzo, kusiya yakasara porosity iyo inoderedza mechanical stamina uye ballistic performance.
Kukunda izvi, akafambira mberi densification maitiro akadai kupisa kupisa (HP) uye inopisa isostatic kusundira (HIP) dzinoshandiswa.
Kusunda kunopisa kunoshanda uniaxial stress (kazhinji 30– 50 MPa) patembiricha pakati 2100 °C uye 2300 °C, kusimudzira fragment rearrangement uye plastiki deformation, kubvumira ukobvu kudarika 95%.
HIP inotowedzera kunatsiridza densification nekushandisa isostatic gasi pressure (100– 200 MPa) mushure me encapsulation, kubvisa maburi akavharika uye kuwana pedyo-yakazara density nekuvandudzwa kwekuoma kwekutsemuka.
Zvinowedzerwa zvakadai sekabhoni, silicon, kana kuchinja simbi borides (e.g., TiB TWO, CrB TWO) dzimwe nguva anounzwa muhuwandu hudiki kuti uwedzere kusimba uye kutadzisa kukura kwezviyo, kunyangwe ivo vanogona zvishoma kuderedza kusimba kana neutron absorption inoshanda.
Pasinei nemafambiro aya, kushaya simba kwemuganho wezviyo uye brittleness yemukati inoramba iri matambudziko asingaperi, kunyanya pasi pemamiriro ekutakura.
3. Mechanical Actions uye Performance Under Extreme Loading Conditions
3.1 Ballistic Resistance uye Kukundikana Systems
Boron carbide inozivikanwa zvakanyanya sechinhu chekutanga chekudzivirira kwehuremu hweballistic muzvombo zvemuviri., kugadzira motokari, uye kudzivirira ndege.
Kusimba kwayo kwepamusoro kunoita kuti ikwanise kushata uye kuchinjisa mapurojekiti anouya senge mabara ezvombo zvinobaya nezvidimbu., kuparadzira kinetic simba kuburikidza nemasisitimu anosanganisira crack, microcracking, uye kuchinja kwenzvimbo.
Zvakadaro, boron carbide inoratidza chiitiko chinonzi “amorphization pasi pekuvhunduka,” kupi, pasi pe-high-velocity impact (kazhinji > 1.8 km/s), iyo crystalline chimiro chinoputsika kusvika mukusagadzikana, amorphous phase isina kutakura mutoro, zvichiguma nokukundikana kunosuruvarisa.
Izvi zvinomanikidza-induced amorphization, inocherechedzwa kuburikidza ne-in-situ X-ray diffraction uye TEM zvidzidzo, inokonzerwa nekuparara kweicosahedral masisitimu uye C-B-C cheni pasi pekunetseka kwakanyanya kweshear..
Kuedza kuderedza izvi kunosanganisira kuvandudzwa kwezviyo, composite style (e.g., B ZVINA C-SiC), uye pamusoro penzvimbo yakavharwa nesimbi dzinopfakanyika kunonotsa kuwanda kwekutyoka uye kuve nekutsemuka.
3.2 Pfeka Resistance uye Industrial Applications
Kare kudzivirira, boron carbide's abrasion resistance inoita kuti ive yakakodzera kune zvekutengesa zvikumbiro zvinosanganisira kupfeka kwakanyanya, zvakadai sejecha rinoputika, mvura yejeti yekucheka mazano, uye kugaya media.
Kusimba kwayo kunopfuura iyo ye tungsten carbide uye alumina, zvichiita kuti hupenyu hurebe uye kuderedza mari yekuchengeta mumhepo yepamusoro-soro yekugadzira.
Zvinhu zvakagadzirwa kubva ku boron carbide zvinogona kushanda pasi pe-high-pressure abrasive inoyerera pasina kukurumidza kuparadzwa, kunyange hazvo kutarisirwa kunofanirwa kudikanwa kudzivirira kuvhunduka kwekupisa uye kushushikana kwekunetseka panguva yekuita.
Kushandiswa kwayo muzvigadziriso zvenyukireya kunosvikawo kuzvinhu zvinoramba kupfeka mumasisitimu ekubata gasi, uko mechanic sturdness uye neutron absorption zviri zviviri zvinodiwa.
4. Strategic Applications muNuclear, Aerospace, uye Emerging Technologies
4.1 Neutron Absorption uye Radiation Shielding Solutions
Pakati pezvimwe zvakakosha zvisiri zvechiuto zvekushandisa boron carbide inoramba iri musimba reatomu, kwainoshanda sechinhu chinotora neutron mumapango ekudzora, kuvhara pellets, uye zvivakwa zvinodzivirira mwaranzi.
Nekuda kwehupfumi hwepamusoro hweiyo ¹⁰ B isotope (zvakajairika ~ 20%, zvisinei inogona kupfumiswa ku > 90%), boron carbide inobata zvakanaka manyutroni kuburikidza ne¹⁰ B(n, a)manomwe Li mhinduro, kugadzira alpha zvimedu uye lithium ions zviri nyore zviri mukati mechigadzirwa.
Kuita uku hakusi-radioactive uye kunogadzira zvinhu zvishoma zvinogara kwenguva refu, kuita kuti boron carbide ive yakachengeteka uye yakanyanya kugadzikana pane dzimwe nzira senge cadmium kana hafnium..
Inoitwa kushandiswa mune yakamanikidzwa mvura activators (PWRs), kufashaira mvura reactor (BWRs), uye tsvakurudzo activators, kazhinji muchimiro che sintered pellets, akapfeka machubhu, kana mapaneru anoumbwa.
Kugadzikana kwayo pasi peneutron irradiation uye kugona kuchengetedza zvigadzirwa zvefission zvinovandudza activator kuchengetedzwa uye chengetedzo uye kushanda kwenguva refu hupenyu..
4.2 Aerospace, Thermoelectrics, uye Ramangwana Material Frontiers
Muchadenga, boron carbide iri kuwanikwa kuti ishandiswe mu hypersonic mota inotungamira mativi, uko kunyungudika kwayo kwakanyanya (~ 2450 °C), kuderedzwa ukobvu, uye thermal shock resistance inopa zvakanakira pamusoro pesimbi alloys.
Kugona kwayo mumagajeti ethermoelectric kunobva kune yayo yakakwira Seebeck coefficient uye yakaderedzwa yekupisa conductivity., kugonesa kushandurwa kwakananga kwekudziya kwemarara kuita simba remagetsi mumhepo yakakomba senge yakadzika-chadenga probes kana nuclear-powered masisitimu..
Kudzidza zvakare kuri kuenderera mberi kumisikidza boron carbide-based composites ine kabhoni nanotubes kana graphene kusimudzira kuomarara uye kufambisa kwemagetsi kune akawanda anoshanda ekuvaka emagetsi..
Uyezve, zvivakwa zvayo zve semiconductor zviri kukwidziridzwa muradiation-hardened sensing units uye ma detectors enzvimbo nekushandisa kwenyukireya..
Mukudzokorora, boron carbide porcelains inomirira hwaro hwezvinhu panosangana hunyanzvi hwekuita, kugadzirwa kwenyukireya, uye kufambira mberi kwekugadzirwa.
Yayo imwe-ye-a-kind musanganiswa we-ultra-high solidity, kuderedzwa ukobvu, uye neutron absorption kugona kunoita kuti isadzorereke mukudzivirira uye nyukireya matekinoroji emazuva ano, nepo tsvakiridzo inoenderera ichiramba ichiwedzera simba rayo mukati memuchadenga, kutendeuka kwesimba, uye chizvarwa chinotevera makomboni.
Sezvo nzira dzekunatsa dzichiwedzera uye dhizaini nyowani dzakaumbwa dzinobuda, boron carbide icharamba iri pamucheto unotungamira wezvigadzirwa zvitsva kune izvo zvinonyanya kudiwa zvipingamupinyi zvetekinoroji..
5. Distributor
Yepamberi Ceramics yakavambwa muna Gumiguru 17, 2012, ibhizimusi repamusoro-soro rakazvipira mukutsvagisa nekusimudzira, production, processing, kutengesa uye hunyanzvi masevhisi eceramic hama zvinhu uye zvigadzirwa. Zvigadzirwa zvedu zvinosanganisira asi zvisingagumire kuBoron Carbide Ceramic Zvigadzirwa, Boron Nitride Ceramic Zvigadzirwa, Silicon Carbide Ceramic Zvigadzirwa, Silicon Nitride Ceramic Zvigadzirwa, Zirconium Dioxide Ceramic Zvigadzirwa, etc. Kana uchifarira, ndapota inzwa wakasununguka kutibata nesu.([email protected])
Tags: Boron Carbide, Boron Ceramic, Boron Carbide Ceramic
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