1. Imigaqo yokuveliswa kwegwebu kunye nendima kwiiNkqubo zeConcrete eziKhala
1.1 Imigaqo yoNgenelo loMoya kunye noLwakhiwo lweSellula
(Iijenereyitha ze-Foam zekhonkrithi eziKhala)
Ikhonkrithi ekhaphukhaphu, iklasi yezakhiwo kunye nezixhobo zokwakha ezibonakaliswe ngokunciphisa ukuxinana kunye nokunyusa ukufudumala kwe-thermal, ibala ngokuyimfuneko kwisingeniso esilawulwayo somoya okanye izithuba zerhasi ngaphakathi kwematrix yesamente– inkqubo ekubhekiselwa kuyo njengokukhupha igwebu.
Imveliso yezi zinto isasazwa rhoqo, iiseli zomoya ezikhuselekileyo zenziwa ngokusebenzisa isixhobo esikhethekileyo esaziwa ngokuba yijenereyitha yogwebu, evelisa isohlwayo, amaqamza amancinci athi emva koko axutywe kanye kwi-concrete slurry.
La maqamza, eqhelekileyo ukusuka 50 ukuya 500 micrometers ngobukhulu, ukuza kunyanzeliswa ngokupheleleyo kwi-samente hydration, okukhokelela kulwakhiwo lwekhonkrithi ehambayo enobunzima beyunithi obuncitshisiweyo– ngokuqhelekileyo phakathi 300 kg/m ezintathu kunye 1,800 kg/m ISIHLANU– xa kuthelekiswa nesamente eqhelekileyo (~ 2,400 kg/m³).
Ijenereyitha yogwebu ayisosixhobo nje esincedisayo kodwa sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sobunjineli esichonga umgangatho ophezulu., ukungaguquguquki, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso yokugqibela yekhonkrithi ekhaphukhaphu.
Inkqubo iqala nge-agent ekhupha amagwebu, ngokubanzi iyeza elisekelwe kwiprotheyini okanye elenziweyo le-surfactant, ethi inikezelwe kanye kwijenereyitha apho isasazwa ngoomatshini okanye ngomoya kwigwebu elishinyeneyo ngokucheba okuphezulu okanye ukudutyulwa komoya..
Ukhuseleko kunye nobungakanani beqamza lokujikeleza kogwebu oluvelisiweyo oluthe ngqo lunempembelelo kwizakhiwo ezibalulekileyo zemveliso ezinje ngokuqina koxinzelelo, conductivity thermal, kunye nokusebenza.
1.2 Udidi kunye neeNkqubo eziSebenzayo zeeGenereyitha zeFoam
Iijenereyitha zogwebu zahlulahlulwe ngokuthe ngqo kwiindidi ezintathu eziphambili ngokusekelwe kwimigaqo yazo yokusebenza: uxinzelelo oluphantsi (okanye ifilimu emanzi), uxinzelelo oluphezulu (okanye edlamkileyo), kunye nokujikeleza (okanye i-centrifugal) iinkqubo.
Iijenereyitha zoxinzelelo oluphantsi zisebenzisa isixhobo esinemingxuma– njenge-mesh enkulu, impahla, okanye ipleyiti yeceramic– apho umoya ucinezelekileyo unyanzeliswa, ukudala amaqamza njengoko inkonzo ekhupha igwebu ihamba phezu kwendawo ephezulu.
Obu buchule buvelisa ngokufanelekileyo, amaqamza angaguquguqukiyo kakhulu kwaye aqhele ukusetyenziswa kwizicelo zodidi olusezantsi apho ulawulo oluchanekileyo lungabalulekanga kangako.
Iinkqubo zoxinzelelo oluphezulu, kwelinye icala, sebenzisa uyilo olusekwe embhobho apho isantya esiphezulu somsinga womoya ocinezelekileyo ucheba ulwelo olugqumayo ukuya kwisohlwayo., i-foam efanayo kunye ne-bubble dimension dimension circulation.
Ezi nkqubo zibonelela ngolawulo olukhethekileyo kuxinaniso lwegwebu kunye nokuzinza, izenza zibe zezona zifanelekileyo kulwakhiwo lwekhonkrithi ekhaphukhaphu kunye nosetyenziso lweprecast.
( Iijenereyitha ze-Foam zekhonkrithi eziKhala)
Iijenereyitha zogwebu ezijikelezayo zisebenzisa idiski ejikelezayo okanye igubu elijingisa ukhetho logwebu kumsinga womoya., ukudala amaqamza kunye nokusasazwa koomatshini.
Ngelixa ichaneke kakhulu kuneenkqubo zoxinzelelo oluphezulu, iijenereyitha ezijikelezayo zixatyiswa ngokomelela kwazo, ukulula ukugcina, kunye nesiphumo esiqhubekayo, ilungele imisebenzi emikhulu yokubeka kwindawo.
Ukukhethwa kohlobo lwejenereyitha yogwebu kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno ezikhethekileyo zeprojekthi, kuquka ubukhulu bekhonkrithi obufunwayo, umthamo wemveliso, kunye neempawu zokusebenza.
2. ISayensi yeMathiriyeli eNgemva koZinzo lweFoam kunye nokusebenza kweConcrete
2.1 Iiarhente zogwebu kunye ne-Interfacial Chemistry
Ukusebenza kwejenereyitha yogwebu kudityaniswe ngokwendalo nokwakheka kweekhemikhali kunye nokuziphatha komzimba wearhente enogwebu..
Abameli be-Frothing zizinto ze-surfactants ezinciphisa ukutsalwa kwamanzi kwindawo ephezulu, ivumela uphuhliso lonxibelelwano lomsebenzisi olululwelo emoyeni oluzinzileyo.
Abameli abasekelwe kwiprotheni, ithathwe kwi-hydrolyzed keratin okanye i-albumin, ukudala ixesha elide, Iimuvi eziguquguqukayo zegwebu ezinokhuseleko oluphezulu kwaye zihlala zithandwa kwizicelo zesakhiwo.
Abameli bokwenziwa, ezifana ne-alkyl sulfonates okanye i-alcohol ethoxylated, sebenzisa ukuveliswa kogwebu okukhawulezayo kunye neendleko eziphantsi kodwa kunokuvelisa amaqamza akhuseleke kancinci phantsi kokuxubana okwandisiweyo okanye iingxaki ezimbi ze-ikholoji.
Isakhelo se-molecular of the surfactant siseka ubuninzi kunye namandla omatshini we-lamellae (iifilimu zolwelo oluncinci) ijikeleze iqamza ngalinye, ekufuneka imelane nokudibana kunye nokukhupha amanzi ngexesha lokuxuba kunye nokunyanga.
Izongezo ezifana nezilungisi zobunzima, izinzisi, kunye nezithintelo ze-pH zihlala zibandakanyiwe kwiinkonzo zokucoca ukunyusa ukuzimisela kogwebu kunye nokuhambelana nekhemistri yekhonkrithi..
2.2 Impembelelo yeempawu zeFoam kwindawo yokuhlala ekhonkrithi
Iimpawu ezibonakalayo ze-foam eyenziwe– iqamza ubukhulu, ukujikeleza komlinganiselo, umxholo wewebhu womoya, kunye nokuxinana kwamagwebu– ngqo yalela indlela yokuziphatha enkulu yekhonkrithi ekhaphukhaphu.
Encinci, amaqamza asasazekileyo anyusa amandla omatshini ngokunciphisa imiba yoxinzelelo kunye nokuvelisa ulwakhiwo olufana kakhulu.
Kwelinye icala, amaqamza amakhulu okanye angalinganiyo anokusebenza njengokungafezeki, ukunciphisa amandla acinezelayo kunye nokwandisa ukungeneka.
Ukhuseleko logwebu luyimfuneko; Ukuwa kwangaphambi kwexesha okanye ukudityaniswa kuyo yonke isiphumo soxinaniso olungafaniyo, isahlulo, kunye nokunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-insulation.
Isixokelelwano sokungabikho komoya ngokufanayo sinefuthe kwindlela yokuqhuba i-thermal, ngokucokisekileyo, Isakhelo seeseli ezivaliweyo ezibonelela ngokufakwa kweprimiyamu ngenxa yokuncipha kobushushu bomoya..
Ukwengeza, umxholo wewebhu wamanzi we-foam uchaphazela umlinganiselo wamanzi-samente womxube wokugqibela, ifuna ulungelelwaniso oluchanekileyo ukunqanda ukonakalisa imatriksi yekhonkrithi okanye ukulibazisa ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi.
Iijenereyitha zamagwebu eziphucukileyo ngoku zibandakanya uphononongo lwexesha lokwenyani kunye neenkqubo zempendulo ukugcina isiphumo esingaguqukiyo sogwebu., ukwenza ukuveliswa kwakhona kuzo zonke iibhetshi.
3. Ukudityaniswa kuLwakhiwo lwangoku kunye nezicelo zoShishino
3.1 Ukusetyenziswa kolwakhiwo kunye noLwakhiwo olungelulo iConcrete enegwebu
Ikhonkrithi ekhaphukhaphu eyenziwe ngeejenereyitha zogwebu isetyenziswa kuluhlu olubanzi lwezakhiwo kunye nezicelo zokwakha., ukwahluka ukusuka kwiipaneli zokugquma kunye nokuzaliswa okungenanto ukuya kwiindonga ezithwele umthwalo kunye neenkqubo zepavement.
Kwiimvulophu zokwakha, ikhonkrithi enamagwebu inika i-thermal ne-acoustic insulation ekhethekileyo, ukongeza kuyilo oluwonga amandla kunye nokwehliswa kwemithwalo ye-a/c.
Ubunzima bayo obuncitshisiweyo bubuye bunciphise umthwalo ofileyo wesakhiwo, ukwenza iziseko ezinobungakanani obuncinci kunye nobude obude kwi-skyscraper kunye nokwakhiwa kwebhulorho kunye nokwakhiwa.
Kuyilo lwasekuhlaleni, isetyenziselwa ukugcwalisa umsele, itonela, kunye nokuzinziswa kwethambeka, apho iimpawu zayo zokuziphakamisa kunye noxinzelelo oluphantsi zithintela ukuphazamiseka komhlaba kunye nokuphucula ukhuseleko.
Abavelisi be-Precast basebenzisa iijenereyitha ze-foam ezichanekileyo ukwenza iibhloko ezinobunzima bokukhanya, iiphaneli, kunye nezinto zokwakha ezinokunyamezelana okuqinileyo kunye nomgangatho ophezulu ongaguqukiyo.
Ngaphezu koko, Ikhonkrithi enegwebu ibonisa ukuxhathisa komlilo ngaphakathi ngenxa ye-thermal conductivity ephantsi kunye nokungabikho kweendawo zendalo, ukuyenza ilungele iindibano ezilinganiswe ngumlilo kunye neenkqubo zokhuseleko lomlilo.
3.2 Ukuzenzekela, Ukubaleka, kunye neZixhobo zoMveliso kwiSiza
Isakhiwo sanamhlanje sidinga ngokukhawuleza, scalable, kunye nemveliso ehloniphekileyo yekhonkrithi enobunzima bokukhanya, ukuqhuba ukudityaniswa kweejenereyitha zogwebu kwiinkqubo zokubethelwa kwekhompyutha kunye nokumpompa.
Izityalo ezizenzekelayo ngokupheleleyo zinokungqamanisa ukuveliswa kwegwebu kunye nokudibanisa kwesamente, ukudongwa kwamanzi, kunye nenaliti eyongezelelweyo, ukwenza ukuba kwenzeke ukuveliswa rhoqo ngonyango oluncinci lomntu.
Izixhobo zejenereyitha ye-foam eziphathwayo zibekwe ngokubalulekileyo kwiiwebhusayithi zokwakha, ivumela ukwenziwa kwe-concrete egwetywe amagwebu ngokwemfuno ngokwemfuno ngokuthe ngqo kwindawo yokusetyenziswa, ukunciphisa iindleko zothutho kunye nenkcitho yezinto eziphathekayo.
Ezi nkqubo zihlala zilungelelaniswa nolawulo lwedijithali, ukucupha kude, kunye nezakhono zokungena kwidatha ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana neemfuno zoyilo kunye neemfuno zomgangatho ophezulu.
Ubungakanani betekhnoloji yokuvelisa amagwebu– ukusuka kwiinkqubo ezincinci eziphathwayo ukuya kwiinkqubo zesikali soshishino– ixhasa ukukhuthazwa kwayo kuzo zombini iimarike eziphuhlileyo nezikhulayo, intengiso yobuchwephesha obuzinzileyo kwihlabathi jikelele.
4. Izinto ezintsha zobuGcisa kunye neMiyalelo yeXesha elizayo kwiSizukulwana seFoam
4.1 Iijenereyitha ze-Foam ezihlakaniphile kunye noLawulo lweNkqubo yexesha langempela
Itekhnoloji ezisakhulayo kuyilo lwejenereyitha yogwebu lujolise ekukhuliseni ukuchaneka, ukusebenza, kunye nokuba bhetyebhetye ngokusebenzisa idijithali kunye nokudibanisa iyunithi yokuva.
Iijenereyitha ze-foam ezihlakaniphile ezinezixhobo zoxinzelelo, iimitha zokuhamba, kunye nabahlalutyi be-bubble bokukhanya banokuhlengahlengisa imilinganiselo yomoya ukuya kulwelwe kwaye babeke iliso kumgangatho ophezulu wegwebu ngexesha lokwenyani..
Ii-algorithms zokufunda ngoomatshini ziyajongwa ukuze ziqikelele imikhwa yogwebu esekelwe kwiimeko zokusingqongileyo, ukwahluka kwezibonelelo, kunye nedatha yokusebenza yembali.
Uphuhliso olunjalo lujolise ekunciphiseni isitenxo sebhetshi ukuya kwibhetshi kunye nokwandisa imathiriyeli efanelekileyo, ngokukodwa kwizicelo eziphezulu ezifana nokukhusela inyukliya okanye isakhiwo saphesheya kolwandle.
4.2 Uzinzo, Impembelelo yokusingqongileyo, kunye noManyano lweMveliso ehambelana nokusiNgqongileyo
Njengoko ishishini lokwakha lisiya kwi-decarbonization, iijenereyitha zogwebu zenza igalelo ekunciphiseni indawo engqongileyo yekhonkrithi.
Ngokunciphisa ubuninzi bemveliso, ikhonkrithi encinci iyafuneka ngokweyunithi yobungakanani, ukunciphisa ngokuthe ngqo i-CO ezimbini zokukhupha ezidityaniswe nokuveliswa kwekhonkrithi.
Ngaphezu koko, ikhonkrithi ephothiweyo inokubandakanya iimveliso zesamente ezongezelelweyo (Ii-SCMs) ezifana nothuthu lwempukane, slag, okanye i-silica umsi, ukuphucula uzinzo ngaphandle kokubeka esichengeni ukusebenza.
Uphononongo lophando lukwaqhuba ngokunjalo ukwenza abameli be-bio-based lathering abasuka kwimithombo ehlaziyekayo, ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwi-petrochemical surfactants.
Inkqubela phambili yexesha elizayo inokubandakanya iindlela zokuvelisa amagwebu awonga amandla, kudityaniswe nezinto ezintsha zokubanjwa kwekhabhoni, kunye nemixube yekhonkrithi enokuphinda isetyenziswe yenze ukuba kwenzeke ngolwakhiwo lweselula olukhuselekileyo.
Ekugqibeleni, Ijenereyitha yogwebu yekhonkrithi ekhaphukhaphu ingaphezulu nangaphezulu kwegajethi yoomatshini– sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokwenza ubunjineli bezinto eziphambili kulwakhiwo nolwakhiwo lwale mihla.
Ngokulawula ngokuchanekileyo ukwakhiwa kwezithuba zomoya kwi-microscale, itshintsha ikhonkrithi yemveli ibe yimisebenzi emininzi, zizinzileyo, kunye nemveliso ephezulu yokusebenza.
Njengoko iteknoloji iguquka, iijenereyitha zogwebu ngokuqinisekileyo ziya kuhlala ziqhuba uphuhliso kulwakhiwo lophando lwezenzululwazi, ukuqina kweziseko zophuhliso, kunye nobugosa bendalo.
5. Umthengisi
I-Cabr-Concrete ngumthengisi we-Concrete Admixture ene-over 12 iminyaka yamava kwi-nano-building energy yogcino kunye nophuhliso lwe-nanotechnology. Iyayamkela intlawulo ngekhadi letyala, T/T, I-West Union kunye ne-Paypal. I-TRUNNO iya kuthumela iimpahla kubathengi phesheya ngokusebenzisa i-FedEx, DHL, ngomoya, okanye ngolwandle. Ukuba ujonge umgangatho ophezulu weConcrete Admixture, nceda uzive ukhululekile ukuqhagamshelana nathi kwaye uthumele umbuzo.
Iithegi: Iijenereyitha ze-Foam zekhonkrithi eziKhala, i-foammaster, ijenereyitha yogwebu
Onke amanqaku kunye nemifanekiso avela kwi-Intanethi. Ukuba kukho nayiphi na imiba ye-copyright, nceda uqhagamshelane nathi ngexesha lokucima.
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