Antimony Doped Tin Oxide Synthesis

To develop reversible Li-O2 batteries, the need for novel carbon-free cathode materials is evident. In this study, we present the hydrothermal synthesis of highly conductive crystalline antimony doped tin oxide (ATO) nanoparticles, the fabrication of ATO electrodes with high surface area, and their application as cathodes in aprotic Li-O2 cells. We use a pressure transducer and an online electrochemical mass spectrometer to quantify consumed and evolved gases during the discharge and charge of Li-O2 cells. Solid discharge products on the cathode are identified by infrared spectroscopy and quantified by acid-base titration and UV-vis spectroscopy. Thus we demonstrate an unprecedented cell chemistry: In contrast to carbon cathodes, ATO cathodes enable the formation of Li2O and prevent the formation of carbonates on the cathode surface. Formed Li2O can be recharged at high potentials, leading to oxygen's evolution. These new mechanistic insights provide implications for cathode design concepts that might enable the reversible cycling of Li-O2 cells. Since its introduction in 1996, the concept of an aprotic Li-air battery has attracted huge interest due to its outstanding theoretical energy density of ∼3400 Wh/kg on a material level. The predicted energy density on a system level of 250–500 Wh/kg exceeds that of current Li-ion batteries by a factor of 1.5–2. Still, the practical advantages over advanced Li-ion battery technologies are uncertain. However, an improved understanding of Li-O2 electrochemistry contributes to expanding the frontiers of electrochemistry and materials science. As discussed in several review articles, the development of rechargeable Li-O2 cells faces major challenges, such as low rate capability, low round trip efficiency, and poor cycle life. The cycle life of aprotic Li-O2 cells with state-of-the-art carbon cathodes fundamentally depends on lithium peroxide's reversible formation/decomposition via the following two e− cathode reactions. If you are looking for high quality, high purity, and cost-effective ATO, or if you require the latest price of ATO, please feel free to email contact mis-asia.

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