1. Tsarin Samfura da Ƙira Haɗin gwiwa
1.1 Ingantattun Halayen Matsalolin Maɓalli
(Silicon nitride da silicon carbide hada yumbu)
Silicon nitride (Idan tanda N ₄) da silicon carbide (SiC) duk suna daure, maras oxide porcelains shahararru don ingantaccen ingancinsu a cikin matsanancin zafi, m, da saituna masu buƙatar injina.
Silicon nitride yana nuna ƙarfin karyewa, thermal girgiza juriya, da kwanciyar hankali mai raɗaɗi saboda ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙwayar β-Si shida N guda huɗu waɗanda ke ba da damar karkatar da ɓarna da tsarin haɗin gwiwa..
Yana kiyaye taurin kusan 1400 ° C kuma yana da ƙarancin haɓaka ƙimar haɓakar thermal (~ 3.2 × 10 ⁻ / K), rage tashin hankali na thermal a lokacin gyare-gyaren zafin jiki mai sauri.
A wannan bangaren, silicon carbide yana amfani da ingantaccen inganci, thermal watsin (kusan 120– 150 W/(m · K )domin kadaici lu'ulu'u), oxidation juriya, da rashin aikin kimiyya, yana mai da shi kyautuka don aikace-aikacen watsawa mai ɗumi mai zafi.
Babban bandgap ɗin sa (~ 3.3 eV don 4H-SiC) Bugu da ƙari, yana ba da ingantaccen rufin lantarki da haƙurin radiation, taimaka a cikin makaman nukiliya da semiconductor mahallin.
Lokacin da aka haɗa shi cikin abin da aka haɗa, waɗannan kayan suna nuna halaye masu dacewa: Si uku N hudu yana inganta karko kuma yana lalata juriya, yayin da SiC ke haɓaka gudanarwar thermal da amfani da juriya.
Sakamakon yumbura mai ƙetare yana samun daidaiton da ba za a iya samu ta kowane mataki kaɗai ba, ƙirƙirar samfur mai ƙima mai inganci wanda aka keɓe don matsanancin yanayin sabis.
1.2 Salon Haɗaɗɗiya da Injiniyan Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙira
Tsarin Si shida N ₄– SiC mahadi na haifar da daidaitaccen iko akan zagayawan mataki, hatsi ilimin halittar jiki, da haɗin kai don haɓaka tasirin haɗin gwiwa.
Gabaɗaya, An gabatar da SiC a matsayin babban goyan bayan barbashi (kama daga submicron zuwa 1 µm) a cikin Si four N ₄ matrix, ko da yake ana ƙididdige ƙididdigewa ko rarraba gine-ginen don aikace-aikace na musamman.
A lokacin sintering– yawanci ta hanyar iskar iskar gas (JANAR PRACTITIONER) ko dumin turawa– SiC bits suna shafar haɓakar haɓakawa da haɓaka haɓakawar β-Si biyu N hatsi huɗu, akai-akai inganta mafi kyau har ma da madaidaitan tsarin ƙaƙƙarfan tsari.
Wannan gyare-gyare yana inganta daidaituwar inji kuma yana rage girman lahani, ƙara zuwa mafi kyawun ƙarfi da dogaro.
Daidaituwar fuska tsakanin matakan biyu yana da mahimmanci; saboda gaskiyar cewa duka biyun covalent porcelains ne masu kama da ma'aunin crystallographic da halayen haɓakar thermal, suna ƙirƙira iyakoki na tsare-tsare ko madaidaicin madaidaicin waɗanda ke tsaye har zuwa ƙaddamarwa a ƙarƙashin kuri'a.
Additives kamar yttria (Y ₂ YA UKU) da aluminum (Na biyu O₃) ana amfani da su azaman taimakon sintering don tallata haɓaka-lokacin ruwa na Si four N ₄ ba tare da lalata tsaro na SiC ba..
Duk da haka, ƙarin matakai da yawa na iya lalata ingancin zafin jiki, don haka ana buƙatar ƙara yawan abun da ke ciki da sarrafawa don rage girman fim ɗin kan iyaka mai ƙyalli.
2. Dabarun Gudanarwa da Ƙalubalen Ƙarfafawa
( Silicon nitride da silicon carbide hada yumbu)
2.1 Foda Prep Aiki da Siffar Dabarun
Babban darajar Si Biyu N ₄– Haɗaɗɗen SiC suna farawa tare da gauraya iri ɗaya na ultrafine, foda mai tsabta ta amfani da rigar zagaye niƙa, atrition niƙa, ko ultrasonic watsawa a cikin Organic ko ruwa kafofin watsa labarai.
Samun daidaitaccen tarwatsawa yana da mahimmanci don guje wa tarin SiC, wanda zai iya aiki a matsayin masu damuwa da damuwa da ƙananan ƙarfin karaya.
Ana ba da gudummawar masu ɗaure da tarwatsawa don tallafawa dakatarwa don ƙirƙirar dabaru kamar simintin gyare-gyare, tef yadawo, ko harbi gyare-gyare, dangane da nau'in lissafi da ake so.
Gawawwakin kore suna bayan haka a hankali sun bushe kuma a cire su don cire kwayoyin halitta kafin su shiga, tsarin da ke buƙatar ƙayyadaddun farashin dumama gida don hana rarrabuwa ko warping.
Don masana'antar siffa ta kusa-net, ƙarin dabaru kamar jetting binder ko stereolithography suna fitowa, yana ba da damar rikitattun geometries waɗanda a da ba za a iya cimma su ba tare da sarrafa yumbu na gargajiya.
Waɗannan fasahohin suna buƙatar kayan abinci na musamman tare da haɓakar rheology da taurin yanayi, akai-akai entailing polymer-samfurin faranti ko photosensitive kayan cushe da hada powders.
2.2 Sintering Na'urorin da Tsaro Stage
Densification na shida N HUDU– Haɗin SiC yana da ƙalubale saboda ƙaƙƙarfan haɗin haɗin gwiwa da ƙarancin rarraba kai na nitrogen da carbon a matakan zafin jiki masu amfani..
Sintering na ruwa-lokaci ta amfani da rare-ƙasa ko alkaline planet oxides (misali, Y BIYU YA SHIDA, MgO) yana rage matakin zafin eutectic kuma yana haɓaka jigilar jama'a tare da narke silicate na wucin gadi.
Karkashin damuwa gas (yawanci 1– 10 MPa N ₂), wannan narke yana sauƙaƙe sake tsarawa, bayani-hazo, kuma na ƙarshe densification yayin da rage tarwatsewar Si hudu N HUDU.
Kasancewar SiC yana tasiri danko da kuma wettability na lokacin ruwa, yiwu canza hatsi girma anisotropy da karshe bayyanar.
Maganin ɗumi bayan-sintering na iya kasancewa yana da alaƙa da ɗaukar nau'ikan juzu'i masu maimaitawa a iyakokin hatsi., boosting high-zazzabi inji Properties da hadawan abu da iskar shaka juriya.
X-ray diffraction (XRD) da kuma bincikar microscope na lantarki (WANE) ana amfani da su akai-akai don tabbatar da tsabtar mataki, rashin matakai na biyu maras so (misali, Na biyu N BIYU O), da uniform microstructure.
3. Ingantacciyar Injini da Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙira
3.1 Karfin hali, Ƙarfi, da Ƙarfafawa
Idan Tanda N ₄– Haɗin SiC yana nuna ingantaccen aikin injiniya wanda aka bambanta da farantin monolithic, tare da jujjuyawar ƙarfi da yawa 800 MPa da karaya sturdiness ƙimar suna kaiwa zuwa 7– 9 MPa · m 1ST/ ².
Sakamakon ƙarfafawa na ɓangarorin SiC yana hana motsin gurɓataccen wuri da yaɗuwar karaya, yayin da elongated Si biyu N hatsi hudu ya rage don samar da ƙarfafa ta hanyar cirewa da na'urorin haɗi.
Wannan hanya mai tauri biyu tana haifar da abu mai tsananin juriya ga tasiri, hawan keke na thermal, da gajiyar inji– mai mahimmanci don jujjuya abubuwa da kayan gini a cikin sararin samaniya da tsarin wutar lantarki.
Juriya mai raɗaɗi ya kasance mai ban mamaki kusan 1300 ° C, an danganta shi da kwanciyar hankali na hanyar sadarwa ta covalent da kuma raguwar iyakar hatsi lokacin da aka saukar da matakan amorphous..
Ƙimar ƙarfi gabaɗaya sun bambanta daga 16 ku 19 GPA, samar da ficen lalacewa da juriya na tarwatsewa a cikin gurɓataccen yanayi kamar yashi mai ɗauke da yashi ko kira mai yawo..
3.2 Gudanarwar thermal da Dorewar Muhalli
Ƙarin SiC da yawa yana haɓaka haɓakar yanayin zafi na haɗin gwiwa, akai-akai ninka na tsarki Si shida N HUDU (wanda ke fitowa daga 15– 30 W/(m · K) )zuwa 40– 60 W/(m · K) ya danganta da abun ciki na yanar gizo na SiC da ƙananan tsarin.
Wannan haɓaka ƙarfin canja wuri mai ɗumi yana ba da damar ingantaccen sarrafa yanayin zafi da yawa a cikin sassan da aka bayyana ga ɗumamar gida mai ƙarfi, kamar kayan aikin konewa ko abubuwan da ke fuskantar plasma.
Kundin ɗin yana kiyaye tsaro mai girma a ƙarƙashin tudu mai zafi, tsayin daka har zuwa spallation da fracturing sakamakon daidaitaccen ci gaban thermal da babban ma'aunin girgiza thermal. (R-darajar).
Juriya na iskar oxygen shine ƙarin fa'ida mai mahimmanci; SiC yana samar da siliki mai karewa (SiO ₂) Layer a kan bayyanar da iskar oxygen a yanayin zafi mai tsayi, wanda har ma yana daɗaɗawa da kuma tabbatar da al'amuran yankin ƙasa.
Wannan m Layer yana kiyaye duka SiC da Si Three N ₄ (wanda kuma oxidizes zuwa SiO ₂ da N ₂), tabbatar da dorewa a cikin iska, tururi mai nauyi, ko kona yanayi.
4. Aikace-aikace da Dabarun Fasaha na gaba
4.1 Jirgin sama, Makamashi, da Tsarin Masana'antu
Na Biyu N HUDU– SiC mahadi ana ci gaba da tura su a cikin masu samar da iskar gas na gaba, inda suke ba da izinin yanayin zafi mai girma, haɓaka tasirin mai, da rage yawan buƙatun sanyaya.
Abubuwa kamar ruwan injin turbin, combustor liners, da bututun jagorar vanes suna samun riba daga ikon samfurin don jure hawan keken zafi da lodin injina ba tare da lalatawa ba..
A cikin masana'antar makamashin atomic, musamman ma'aunin zafin jiki mai sanyaya gas (HTGRs), waɗannan haɗe-haɗe suna aiki azaman ƙulla iskar gas ko tallafin gine-gine saboda juriyar isar da iskar su ta neutron da ƙarfin riƙe abubuwan fission..
A cikin saitin masana'antu, ana amfani da su wajen sarrafa ƙarfe mai ruwa, kiln furniture, da nozzles da bearings masu jurewa, inda daidaitattun karafa za su ragu da wuri.
Yanayinsu mai sauƙi (kauri ~ 3.2 g/cm BIYAR) Har ila yau, yana sa su sha'awar motsin sararin samaniya da abubuwan haɗin mota na hypersonic da ke ƙarƙashin dumama iska.
4.2 Advanced Production da Multifunctional Haɗin kai
Binciken da ke tasowa yana mai da hankali kan haɓaka ƙimar aiki Si shida N HUDU– SiC frameworks, inda tsarin ya bambanta a sarari don haɓaka thermal, inji, ko kaddarorin zama na electromagnetic a ko'ina cikin kashi ɗaya.
Crossbreed tsarin ciki har da CMC (yumbu matrix composite) gine-gine tare da ƙarfafa fiber (misali, SiC_f/ SiC– Si Five N ₄) danna iyakoki na haƙurin lalacewa da damuwa-zuwa gazawa.
Ƙarfafa samar da waɗannan mahadi yana ba da damar haɓakar ɗumi-ɗumi-masu canjin yanayi, microreactors, da tashoshi na kwantar da iska mai sabuntawa tare da sifofin latticework na ciki wanda ba a iya cimma su ta hanyar injina.
Bugu da kari, Gine-ginen gine-ginen su na dielectric da tsaro na zafi sun sa su zama 'yan takara don radomes na radar da kuma tagogin gida na eriya a cikin manyan dandamali masu sauri..
Kamar yadda buƙatun ke girma don samfuran da ke aiwatar da dogaro a ƙarƙashin matsanancin nauyin thermomechanical, Idan tanda N ₄– SiC mahadi na tsaye don ci gaba mai mahimmanci a aikin injiniyan yumbu, hada tasiri tare da aiki a cikin guda ɗaya, dandamali mai dorewa.
A karshe, silicon nitride– Silicon carbide composite yumbu suna nuna ikon kayan-ta-tsara, yin amfani da ƙarfin hali na 2 sababbin faranti don samar da tsarin matasan tare da ikon girma a cikin mafi tsananin yanayi na aiki.
Ci gaba da ci gaban su tabbas zai taka muhimmiyar rawa kafin lokaci mai tsafta, sararin samaniya, da fasahar zamani na kasuwanci a karni na 21.
5. Mai sayarwa
TRUNNANO shine mai siyar da Spherical Tungsten Powder tare da sama 12 shekaru na gwaninta a cikin nano-ginin makamashi kiyayewa da nanotechnology ci gaban. Yana karɓar biyan kuɗi ta Katin Kiredit, T/T, West Union da Paypal. Trunnano zai jigilar kayayyaki zuwa abokan ciniki a ketare ta hanyar FedEx, Farashin DHL, ta iska, ko ta teku. Idan kuna son ƙarin sani game da Spherical Tungsten Powder, da fatan za a ji daɗin tuntuɓar mu kuma ku aiko da tambaya.
Tags: Silicon nitride da silicon carbide hada yumbu, Si3N4 da kuma SiC, ci-gaba yumbu
Duk labarai da hotuna daga Intanet suke. Idan akwai wasu batutuwan haƙƙin mallaka, don Allah a tuntube mu a lokacin sharewa.
A tambaye mu