1. Ihe ndabere nke Silica Sol Chemistry na Colloidal Stability
1.1 Ime-elu na urughuru Morphology
(Silica Sol)
Silica sol bụ mgbasa colloidal echekwara nke gụnyere silicon dioxide amorphous (SiO ₂) nanoparticles, na-esitekarị na 5 ka 100 nanometers na dayameta, jide n'aka na ogbo mmiri– ọtụtụ mgbe mmiri.
Ihe mejupụtara nanoparticles ndị a bụ netwọk nwere akụkụ atọ nke SiO ₄ tetrahedra., na-eme ka oghere dị elu ma na-emeghachi omume nke ukwuu na silanol (Na– OH) otu ndị na-achịkwa omume ihu igwe.
Steeti sol na-enwe ike metastable, Edobere ya site na mkpori ọkụ electrostatic n'etiti urughuru ebubo; ụgwọ mpaghara elu na-amalite site na ionization nke otu silanol, nke na-ebelata pH ~ 2– 3, na-ekepụta iberibe ihe na-adịghị mma nke na-emegiderịta ibe ha.
Ọdịdị urughuru na-adịkarị okirikiri, ọ bụ ezie na nsogbu njikọ nwere ike imetụta mkpokọta mkpokọta na ịzụrụ obere oge.
Oke elu-mpaghara-na-olu ruru– na-akarịkarị 100 m abụọ/g– na-eme ka silica sol na-anabata nke ọma, na-eme ka o kwe omume mmekọrịta siri ike na polymers, ọla, na organic molekul.
1.2 Ngwaọrụ nkwụsi ike na mgbanwe Gelation
A na-achịkwa nkwụsi ike nke colloidal na silica sol site na nha nha n'etiti van der Waals nrụgide na-ahụ anya na mkparị electrostatic., nke DLVO kọwara (Derjaguin– Landau– Nchegbu– Overbeek) tiori.
Na ike ionic dị ala na pH uru karịa ebe isoelectric (~ pH 2), ikike zeta nke ibe n'ibe adịghị mma iji kwụsị mkpokọta.
Agbanyeghị, mgbakwunye nke electrolytes, pH mgbanwe kwupụta nnọpụiche, ma ọ bụ mgbaze ihe mgbaze nwere ike nyochaa ọnụ ahịa mpaghara elu, wedata mkpofu, ma na-akpata ntakịrị coalescence, na-eduga na gelation.
Gelation gụnyere nhazi nke netwọk akụkụ atọ site na siloxane (Na– O– Na) njikọ njikọ n'etiti iberibe n'akụkụ, na-agbanwe sọl mmiri mmiri ka ọ bụrụ isi ike, xerogel permeable mgbe ihicha.
Mgbanwe sol-gel a nwere ike ịtụgharị n'ụfọdụ sistemu mana na-ebutekarị ngbanwe nhazi nke enweghị ike ịgbanwe., na-eke ndabere maka ọhụrụ seramiiki na ngwakọta mejupụtara.
2. Ụzọ nchịkọta na njikwa usoro
( Silica Sol)
2.1 Usoro Stöber na uto achịkwara
Ụzọ a kacha mara amara maka ịmepụta silica monodisperse bụ usoro Stöber, kere na 1968, nke na-agụnye hydrolysis na condensation nke alkoxysilanes– N'ezie, tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS)– n'ime ngwá ọrụ aṅụrụma na amonia aqueous dị ka ihe na-akpali akpali.
Site n'ịhazi kpọmkwem paramita dị ka oke mmiri na-TEOS, amonia ịta, ihe mgbaze, na nzaghachi okpomọkụ larịị, Enwere ike dezie iberibe iberibe site na ~ 10 nm zuo oke 1 µm nwere mgbasa akụkụ dị warara.
Usoro a na-aga n'ihu site na nucleation nke na-agbaso site na mmepe nwere oke mgbasa, ebe ndị otu silanol na-agbakọta iji mepụta njikọ siloxane, na-achịkọta usoro silica.
Usoro a dabara adaba maka ngwa na-akpọ maka iberibe okirikiri otu, dị ka chromatographic nkwado, chọrọ mmezi, na kristal photonic.
2.2 Usoro ọmụmụ mmekọrịta nke Acid-Catalyzed
Usoro njikọ ọzọ gụnyere hydrolysis acid-catalyzed, nke na-akwado condensation linear ma na-ebute ọbụna polydispersse ma ọ bụ chịkọtara ibe n'ibe, a na-ejikarị eme ihe n'ihe eji ejikọta azụmahịa na n'ígwé.
Ọnọdụ acidic (pH 1– 3) na-akwalite hydrolysis ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-agbanyeghị ngwa ngwa condensation n'etiti silanols protonated, weta ihe owuwu oge niile ma ọ bụ yinye.
N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, Atụmatụ sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ na ndụ ndụ apụtala n'ezie, iji silicatein enzymes ma ọ bụ ihe ọkụkụ na-emepụta silica n'okpuru nsogbu gburugburu, ibelata ojiji ike na mkpofu kemịkalụ.
Ụzọ ndị a na-adịgide adịgide na-enweta ọmụrụ nwa maka ngwa biomedical na gburugburu ebe obibi ebe ịdị ọcha na biocompatibility dị mkpa..
Ọzọkwa, A na-emepụtakarị silica sol nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe site na iji usoro mgbanwe ion site na ngwọta sodium silicate, agbakwunyere site na electrodialysis iji wepụ ion alkali ma mee ka colloid guzosie ike.
3. Ebe obibi bara uru na omume ihu
3.1 Usoro mmeghari nke elu na usoro mgbanwe
Ebe elu nke silica nanoparticles na sol bụ ndị otu silanol na-achịkwa, nke nwere ike isonye na hydrogen bonding, adsorption, na covalent grafting na organosilanes.
Mgbanwe mpaghara elu site na ijikọta ndị nnọchi anya dịka 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. (Kwesịrị ekwesị) ma ọ bụ methyltrimethoxysilane na-enye otu ndị na-arụ ọrụ (ọmụmaatụ,– NH ABỤỌ,– CH ₃) nke na-agbanwe hydrophilicity, mmeghachi omume, na ndakọrịta na matrices eke.
Mgbanwe ndị a na-ekwe ka silica sol na-eje ozi dị ka ihe ndakọrịta na ogige organic-inorganic crossbreed., na-akwalite mgbasa na polymers na ịkwalite n'ibu, thermal, ma ọ bụ ihe mgbochi ụlọ.
Silica sol na-agbanweghị agbanwe na-egosipụta ike hydrophilicity, na-eme ka ọ dị mma maka usoro mmiri mmiri, ebe enwere ike ịgbasa nsụgharị ndị gbanwere na ihe mgbaze na-abụghị polar maka akwa na ink pụrụ iche.
3.2 Njirimara Rheological na Optical
Mgbasa nke silica sol na-egosipụtakarị omume mgbasa ozi Newtonian na mbelata nlebara anya, Otú ọ dị viscosity na-ebuli elu site na ntinye mpempe akwụkwọ ma nwee ike ịgbanwe gaa na-akpụ akpụ n'okpuru nnukwu ihe siri ike ma ọ bụ nchịkọta akụkụ..
Nke a rheological tunability na-erigbu na emecha, ebe mgbasa ozi na nhazi ọkwa dị mkpa maka imepụta ihe nkiri na-agbanwe agbanwe.
Ngwa anya, silica sol na-apụta ìhè na ụdịdị dị iche iche a na-ahụ anya n'ihi nha obere ogologo nke iberibe., nke na-ebelata ịgbasa ọkụ.
Imeghe a na-enyere iji ya mee ihe na mkpuchi doro anya, ihe nkiri na-emegide echiche, na ngwa anya adhesives na-enweghị ihe egwu mma mma.
Mgbe akpọnwụwo, ihe nkiri silica na-esi na ya pụta na-echekwa oghere mgbe ọ na-enye ike, mgbochi abrasion, na nkwụsi ike okpomọkụ ruo ~ 600 Celsius C.
4. Ngwa ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na nke dị elu
4.1 Mkpuchi, Ngwakọta, na ceramik
A na-eji silica sol mee ihe nke ọma na mkpuchi mkpuchi maka akwụkwọ, akwa, ígwè, na ihe owuwu ụlọ iji meziwanye nguzogide mmiri, iguzogide ọkọ, na resilience.
Na nha akwụkwọ, ọ boosts printability na mmiri mgbochi residential Njirimara; n'ime ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, ọ na-agbanwe resin eke sitere na ihe ndị ọzọ inorganic nke na-emebi ngwa ngwa n'oge nkedo.
Dị ka onye na-ebu ụzọ maka iko silica na ceramik, silica sol na-enye ohere ịmepụta oke okpomọkụ dị ala, ihe dị elu dị ọcha site na nhazi sol-gel, na-egbochi ihe mgbaze dị elu nke quartz.
A na-ejikwa ya na mgbasa ozi ego ego, ebe ọ na-emepụta siri ike, refractory ebu na nnukwu elu ebe imecha.
4.2 Usoro ihe omumu, Catalytic, na Ngwa ike
Na biomedicine, silica sol na-eje ozi dị ka usoro maka usoro nkesa ọgwụ, biosensor, na onyonyo diagnostic, ebe ịrụ ọrụ mpaghara elu na-enye ohere ijikọ ezubere iche na ntọhapụ ahaziri ahazi.
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (Ndị MSN), ewepụtara site na templated silica sol, nye ikike mbukota dị elu yana ngwaọrụ ntọhapụ na-anabata mkpali.
Dị ka ihe enyemaka, silica sol na-enye matriks dị elu-elu maka kpọnwụrụ akpọnwụ ígwè nanoparticles (eg, Pt, Au, Pd), boosting dispersion na catalytic irè mgbanwe kemịkalụ.
Na ume, A na-eji silica sol na ihe nkesa batrị iji kwalite nkwụsi ike ọkụ, n'ígwé nke akpụkpọ ahụ gas cell iji kwalite proton conductivity, na n'ime ihe mkpuchi anyanwụ iji chebe mmiri na esemokwu n'ibu.
Na nchịkọta, silica sol na-anọchite anya nanomaterial ntọala nke na-ejikọta kemịkalụ molecular na arụmọrụ macroscopic..
Njikọ ya na-achịkwa, Tunable elu ebe kemistrị, na njikwa mgbanwe na-enye ohere mgbanwe ngwa n'akụkụ niile, site na mmepụta na-adịgide adịgide ruo na nlekọta ahụike ọkaibe na usoro ike.
Ka nanotechnology na-aga n'ihu, silica sol na-aga n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ dị ka usoro nhazi maka ime amamihe, multifunctional colloidal ngwaahịa.
5. Onye nkesa
Cabr-Concrete bụ onye na-eweta ihe mgbakwunye ihe nwere ihe karịrị ya 12 afọ nke ahụmahụ na nano-ewu ike nchekwa na mmepe nanotechnology. Ọ na-anabata ịkwụ ụgwọ site na kaadị kredit, T/T, West Union na Paypal. TRUNNANO ga-ebuga ndị ahịa ngwaahịa ahụ na mba ofesi site na FedEx, DHL, site n'ikuku, ma ọ bụ site n'oké osimiri. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-achọ ihe dị elu Concrete Admixture, biko nweere onwe gị ịkpọtụrụ anyị wee ziga ajụjụ.
Tags: silica sol,colloidal silica sol,silicon sol
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