1. Mfundo Zogulitsa ndi Makhalidwe a Microstructural
1.1 Kapangidwe ndi Crystallographic Makhalidwe a Al ₂ O FIVE
(Mipira ya Alumina Ceramic， Mipira ya Alumina Ceramic)
Mipira ya aluminiyamu ya ceramic ndi zinthu zozungulira zopangidwa kuchokera ku kuwala kopepuka kwa aluminium oxide (Al ₂ O SIX), oxidized kwathunthu, polycrystalline ceramic yomwe imawonetsa kulimba kodabwitsa, inertness mankhwala, ndi kukhazikika kwamafuta.
Gawo lalikulu la crystalline mu mipira ya alumina yogwira ntchito kwambiri ndi α-alumina, yomwe imakumbatira chimango chotsekeka chamtundu wa corundum pomwe ma ion a aluminiyamu opepuka amakhala magawo awiri mwa atatu a octahedral interstices mkati mwa lattice ya oxygen., kupereka mphamvu zapamwamba za latticework ndi kukana kusintha kwa siteji.
Mipira ya alumina yamafakitale nthawi zambiri imaphatikizapo 85% ku 99.9% Al Awiri O asanu, ndi chiyero chokhudza mwachindunji mphamvu zamakina, kuvala kukana, ndi dzimbiri bwino.
Makhalidwe abwino kwambiri (≥ 95% Al ₂ O ZISANU) amasinidwa mpaka makulidwe apafupifupi (> 99%) kugwiritsa ntchito njira zotsogola monga kuponderezana kosasunthika kapena kukankha kwa isostatic, kuchepetsa porosity ndi intergranular mavuto amene angakhale ngati concentrator nkhawa.
The chifukwa microstructure imakhala yabwino, mbewu za equiaxed zimamwazikana mu voliyumu yonseyo, ndi miyeso yambewu yomwe imasiyana mosiyanasiyana 1 ku 5 ma micrometer, kumawonjezera kukhazikika kulimba ndi kulimba.
1.2 Mbiri Yamakina ndi Katundu
Zozungulira za aluminiyamu za ceramic zimadziwika chifukwa cha kulimba kwawo– kukhazikitsidwa pafupifupi 1800– 2000 HV pa sikelo ya Vickers– kuposa zitsulo zambiri ndikupikisana ndi tungsten carbide, kuwapanga kukhala abwino kwa malo ovuta kuvala.
Awo mkulu compressive mphamvu (mpaka 2500 MPa) zimatsimikizira chitetezo chokwanira pansi pa katundu, pamene kuchepetsedwa kusinthasintha kumawonjezera kulondola pakugudubuza ndikupera ntchito.
Ngakhale brittleness awo poyerekeza zitsulo, zozungulira za alumina zimawonetsa kulimba kwapadera kwa zomangira za ceramic, makamaka pamene kukula kwa tirigu kumayendetsedwa nthawi yonse yowotcha.
Amasunga kukhulupirika kwadongosolo pamlingo waukulu wa kutentha, kuchokera ku zovuta za cryogenic 1600 ° C mu oxidizing ambiences, kupitilira malire amafuta a polima kapena zitsulo zofanana.
Komanso, kuchuluka kwawo kwamafuta otsika (~ 8 × 10 ⁻⁶/ K) amachepetsa chiopsezo cha kutentha kwa kutentha, kuthandizira kugwiritsidwa ntchito posintha mwachangu malo otentha monga ma kilns ndi zosinthira kutentha.
2. Njira Zopangira ndi Kuwongolera Ubwino
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2.1 Njira Zopangira ndi Sintering
Kupanga kwa alumina ceramic spheres kumayamba ndi chiyero chapamwamba cha alumina ufa, kawirikawiri zimachokera ku calcined bauxite kapena ma hydrate opangidwa ndi mankhwala, yomwe imadulidwa kuti ikwaniritse submicron bit dimension ndi slim dimension dimension.
Ufa umapangidwa pambuyo pake kukhala matupi ozungulira ochezeka pogwiritsa ntchito njira monga extrusion-spheronization, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kuyanika, kapena malo omwe akukula m'mapoto okhotakhota, kudalira kukula ankafuna ndi anapereka osiyanasiyana.
Pambuyo pakuumba, Magawo ochezeka ndi zachilengedwe amapanga gawo lotopetsa lomwe limatsatiridwa ndi kutentha kwambiri, kawirikawiri pakati 1500 °C ndi 1700 °C, kumene machitidwe ofalitsa amayendetsa kachulukidwe ndi kufota kwa tirigu.
Kuwongolera kwachindunji kwa chilengedwe cha sintering (mpweya kapena kuwongolera mpweya pang'ono kupsinjika), mtengo wotenthetsera nyumba, ndipo nthawi yokhazikika ndiyofunikira kwambiri kuti mukwaniritse kucheperachepera, geometry yozungulira, ndi zofooka zamkati zamkati.
Kwa mapulogalamu apamwamba kwambiri, mankhwala pambuyo-sintering monga kutentha isostatic kukankha (HIP) zitha kuyikidwa kuti zithetse zotsalira za microporosity ndikuwonjezera kukhulupirika kwamakina.
2.2 Kumaliza Kulondola ndi Kutsimikizira kwa Metrology
Kupitilira ku sintering, zozungulira za alumina zimayatsidwa ndikuwala pogwiritsa ntchito zida zojambulidwa ndi diamondi kuti zitheke kukana kolimba komanso zokutira pamtunda wofanana ndi mipira yachitsulo yonyamula.
Kukula kwamphamvu kwapamtunda nthawi zambiri kumachepetsedwa mpaka kuchepera 0.05 ine Ra, kuchepetsa kukangana ndi kuvala muzochitika zomveka.
Zofunikira zamtundu wapamwamba zimakhala ndi sphericity (kusagwirizana kwa kukhutitsidwa kwabwino), kusiyana kwa diameter, kukhazikika pamwamba, ndi makulidwe ofanana, Zonsezi zimatsimikiziridwa pogwiritsa ntchito optical interferometry, kugwirizanitsa zida zopangira (CMM), ndi laser profilometry.
Miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi monga ISO 3290 ndi ANSI/ABMA imatchulanso magiredi okana magawo a ceramic omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pama bearings, kutsimikizira kusinthasintha ndi magwiridwe antchito onse ogulitsa.
Njira zoyesera zosawononga monga kuyesa kwa ultrasonic kapena X-ray microtomography amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti apeze ming'alu yamkati., mipata, kapena zowonjezera zomwe zingasokoneze kudalirika kosatha.
3. Ubwino Wothandiza Pazitsulo Zachitsulo ndi Polymer
3.1 Kukaniza Kwa Chemical ndi Dzimbiri M'malo Ovuta
Chimodzi mwazabwino kwambiri za mipira ya alumina ceramic ndi kukana kwawo kwamphamvu kwamankhwala.
Iwo akupitiriza kukhala inert kukhalapo kwa zidulo zolimba (kupatula hydrofluoric acid), antacid, organic solvents, ndi saline options, kuwapanga kukhala oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito posamalira mankhwala, kupanga mankhwala, ndi ntchito zam'madzi zomwe zida zachitsulo zitha kuwononga mwachangu.
Izi zimalepheretsa kuipitsidwa kwa media tcheru, chinthu chofunikira pakukonza chakudya, kupanga semiconductor, ndi zida zamankhwala.
Mosiyana ndi zitsulo zozungulira, aluminiyamu samapanga dzimbiri kapena ayoni azitsulo, kuonetsetsa kuti ndondomekoyi ndi yoyera komanso kuchepetsa nthawi yokonza.
Mawonekedwe awo osakhala a maginito amakulitsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zida zogwirizana ndi MRI ndi mizere yolumikizirana digito komwe kusokoneza maginito kuyenera kupewedwa..
3.2 Gwiritsani Ntchito Kukaniza ndi Moyo Wautumiki Wautali
Mu mawonekedwe abrasive kapena mkulu-mkombero, ma alumina ceramic spheres amawonetsa mavalidwe amitundu yocheperako kuposa zosankha zachitsulo kapena polima.
Kukhazikika kodabwitsaku kumasintha kukhala nthawi yayitali yothetsera, kuchepetsa nthawi yopuma, ndi kutsitsa mtengo wathunthu wazinthu zake posatengera mitengo yokwera yogula poyamba.
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati mphero zozungulira pobalalitsa pigment, mineral processing, ndi nanomaterial synthesis, kumene inertness yawo imalepheretsa kuipitsidwa ndi kulimba kwawo kumatsimikizira kuchepetsa kukula kwa tinthu.
Mu zisindikizo zamakina ndi magawo a valve, zozungulira za alumina zimasunga kulolerana kwapang'onopang'ono pazozungulira zosawerengeka, kuyimirira kuti awonongeke kuchokera kumadzi odzaza ndi tinthu.
4. Mapulogalamu a Industrial and Rising Application
4.1 Ma Bearings, Kutseka, ndi Liquid Handling Systems
Magawo a aluminiyamu a ceramic ndi ofunikira kwambiri pama bere a haibridi ozungulira, komwe amaphatikizidwa ndi zitsulo kapena silicon nitride mitundu kuti aphatikizire kutsika kocheperako komanso kukana dzimbiri kwa zoumba ndi kulimba kwazitsulo..
Makulidwe awo otsika (~ 3.9 g/cm AWIRI, za 40% chopepuka kuposa chitsulo) amachepetsa centrifugal kutsegula pa liwiro mkulu rotational, kumathandizira kugwira ntchito mwachangu kwambiri ndikuchepetsa kutenthetsa m'badwo ndikuwonjezera mphamvu zamagetsi.
Miyendo yotereyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pama spindles othamanga kwambiri, mano mano, ndi machitidwe apamlengalenga komwe kudalirika pazovuta kwambiri ndikofunikira.
Mu ntchito zowongolera madzimadzi, Mipira ya alumina imagwira ntchito ngati cheke chotsekera pamapampu ndi zida zoyezera, makamaka mankhwala aukali, madzi oyera kwambiri, kapena ultra-high vacuum systems.
Malo awo osalala komanso chitetezo chowoneka bwino chimatsimikizira kutetezedwa kobwerezabwereza komanso kukana kuluma kapena kutenga.
4.2 Zamankhwala, Mphamvu, ndi Zogwiritsa Ntchito Zamakono Zamakono
Ntchito zamafakitale zakale, zozungulira za alumina ceramic zikupeza kugwiritsidwa ntchito muzoyika zamoyo ndi zida zowunikira chifukwa cha biocompatibility ndi ma radiolucency..
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo olumikizirana opangidwa ndi anthu komanso ma prosthetics a mano pomwe tinthu tating'onoting'ono timayenera kuchepetsedwa kuti tiyimitse zotupa..
Mu machitidwe a mphamvu, Amagwira ntchito ngati ma tracers a inert mu mawonekedwe a tanki yosungiramo kapena ngati zinthu zosasunthika pamagetsi amphamvu adzuwa ndi ma cell a gasi..
Kafukufuku akuwunikanso mipira ya alumina yogwira ntchito kuti ithandizire, zomverera zigawo zikuluzikulu, ndi njira zoyezera mwatsatanetsatane m'lifupi.
Powombetsa mkota, Mipira ya alumina ceramic imawonetsa momwe zida zadothi zatsopano zimalumikizirana pakati pa kulimba kwamapangidwe ndi kulondola kwenikweni..
Kusakaniza kwawo kwamtundu umodzi wa kulimba, inertness mankhwala, chitetezo chamafuta, komanso kulondola kwazithunzi kumawapangitsa kukhala ofunikira makina opanga uinjiniya m'magawo osiyanasiyana.
Pamene njira zopangira zikukhalabe bwino, mphamvu zawo ndi momwe amagwiritsira ntchito zikuyembekezeredwa kuti ziwonjezeke bwino mu matekinoloje amakono amakono.
5. Wopereka
Advanced Ceramics idakhazikitsidwa pa Okutobala 17, 2012, ndi bizinesi yapamwamba yodzipereka ku kafukufuku ndi chitukuko, kupanga, kukonza, malonda ndi ntchito zaukadaulo za zida za ceramic monga Mipira ya Ceramic ya Alumina. Zogulitsa zathu zikuphatikiza, koma osati zokha za Boron Carbide Ceramic Products, Boron Nitride Ceramic Products, Silicon Carbide Ceramic Products, Silicon Nitride Ceramic Products, Zirconium Dioxide Ceramic Products, ndi zina. Ngati muli ndi chidwi, chonde omasuka kulankhula nafe.([email protected])
Tags: mipira ya aluminiyamu,mipira ya aluminiyamu,mipira ya aluminiyamu ya ceramic
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