1. Zofunikira Zofunikira ndi Makhalidwe a Quantum a Molybdenum Disulfide
1.1 Crystal Design ndi Layered Bonding System
(Molybdenum Disulfide ufa)
Molybdenum disulfide (MOS 2) ndi kusintha zitsulo dichalcogenide (TMD) zomwe zakhala mwala wapangodya pazogwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse zamafakitale komanso nanotechnology yatsopano.
Pa mlingo wa atomiki, MoS ₂ imawala mu chimango chosanjikiza pomwe gawo lililonse limakhala ndi ndege ya maatomu a molybdenum molumikizana pakati pa ndege ziwiri za maatomu a sulfure., kukhazikitsa S– Mo– S trilayer.
Ma trilayers awa amagwiridwa ndi mphamvu zofooka za van der Waals, kupangitsa kukameta ubweya kosavuta pakati pa zigawo zozungulira– nyumba yomwe imathandizira kuyanika kwake kwapadera.
Gawo lotetezedwa kwambiri ndi thermodynamically ndi 2H (hexagonal) gawo, yomwe ndi semiconducting ndikuwonetsa bandgap mwachindunji mu mtundu wa monolayer, kupita ku gulu la indirect bandgap zambiri.
Izi quantum kumangidwa zimakhudza, pomwe zinthu za digito zimasintha kwambiri ndi kachulukidwe, imapangitsa MoS ₂ kukhala njira yopangira kafukufuku wamitundu iwiri (2D) mankhwala kupitirira graphene.
Mbali inayi, ochepera 1T (tetragonal) gawo ndi zitsulo ndi metastable, Amapangidwa kudzera mukuphatikizika kwa mankhwala kapena electrochemical, ndipo ili ndi chiwongola dzanja pakugwiritsa ntchito malo osungiramo mphamvu.
1.2 Digital Band Structure ndi Optical Feedback
Malo okhalamo digito a MoS ₂ amadalira kwambiri mawonekedwe, kupanga dongosolo lapadera lodziwira zochitika za quantum mu machitidwe otsika kwambiri.
Mu mtundu wambiri, MoS ₂ imagwira ntchito ngati semiconductor ya indirect bandgap yokhala ndi bandgap pafupifupi 1.2 eV.
Komabe, pamene akupanikizidwa ku gawo limodzi la atomiki, kuchuluka kwa kutsekeka kumayambitsa kusintha kwa bandgap yolunjika 1.8 eV, ili pa K-point ya Brillouin zone.
Kusintha kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti pakhale mphamvu ya photoluminescence ndi kulankhulana kodalirika kwa kuwala, kupanga monolayer MoS ₂ yoyenera kwambiri pazida zamagetsi za optoelectronic monga ma photodetectors, ma diode opepuka (Ma LED), ndi ma solar cell.
Magulu a conduction ndi valence amawonetsa kuphatikiza kwakukulu kozungulira, kupangitsa fizikiki yodalira zigwa pomwe zigwa za K ndi K zomwe zili mumlengalenga zitha kuthandizidwa mwapadera pogwiritsa ntchito kuwala kozungulira kozungulira.– chodabwitsa chotchedwa Valley Hall impact.
( Molybdenum Disulfide ufa)
Kuthekera kwa valleytronic kumeneku kumatsegula njira zatsopano zosungira zidziwitso ndikusamalira zida zamagetsi zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa kale..
Komanso, MoS ₂ ikuwonetsa zotsatira zolimba zamatenthedwe am'deralo chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa dielectric mu mtundu wa 2D, ndi mphamvu zomangira za exciton zofikira mazana angapo meV, zambiri kuposa zomwe zili mu semiconductors wamba.
2. Njira Zophatikizira ndi Njira Zopangira Zowonongeka
2.1 Kuyang'ana Pamwamba Pamwamba ndi Kupanga Nanoflake
Kudzipatula kwa monolayer ndi MoS awiri osanjikiza awiri kunayamba ndi kutulutsa kwamakina, njira yofananira ndi “Njira ya tepi ya Scotch” amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa graphene.
Njirayi imabweza ma flakes apamwamba kwambiri okhala ndi zolakwika zochepa kwambiri komanso nyumba zabwino kwambiri zamagetsi, wangwiro kuphunzira zoyambira ndi chitsanzo chipangizo zomangamanga.
Komabe, makina exfoliation mwachibadwa ndi malire scalability ndi mbali dimension control, kupanga kukhala kosayenera kwa ntchito zamakampani.
Kuthana ndi izi, madzi-gawo exfoliation wapangidwadi, kumene zambiri za MoS ziwiri zimafaliridwa mu zosungunulira kapena mankhwala opangira ma surfactant ndipo potengera ultrasonication kapena kukameta ubweya wa ubweya..
Njirayi imapanga kuyimitsidwa kwa colloidal kwa nanoflakes komwe kumatha kusamutsidwa kudzera pakuphimba, inkjet kusindikiza, kapena kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, kupangitsa ntchito zazikuluzikulu monga zida zamagetsi zosunthika ndi zigawo.
Kukula kwake, kachulukidwe, ndipo makulidwe olakwika a ma flakes ophwanyidwa amadalira njira zopangira, opangidwa ndi sonication nthawi, kusankha zosungunulira, ndi liwiro la centrifugation.
2.2 Kupititsa Pansi-Kumwamba ndi Kuyika Kanema Woonda
Kwa mapulogalamu ofunikira zovala, mafilimu akuluakulu, kuyika kwa nthunzi wa mankhwala (CVD) zakhaladi maphunziro otsogola opangira magawo awiri a MoS.
Mu CVD, molybdenum ndi sulfure precursors– monga molybdenum trioxide (MOO ₃) ndi ufa wa sulfure– amasinthidwa ndikuchitapo kanthu pazigawo zotentha ngati silicon dioxide kapena safiro pansi pa malo olamulidwa..
Pokonza kutentha, nkhawa, mitengo ya gasi, ndi mphamvu ya gawo lapansi, Asayansi amatha kukulitsa ma monolayers nthawi zonse kapena kuwunjika ma multilayer okhala ndi mawonekedwe owongolera a mayina ndi crystallinity.
Njira zina zimakhala ndi ma atomiki wosanjikiza (ALD), zomwe zimapereka kuwongolera kwapamwamba kwambiri pa digiri ya angstrom, ndi kuyika kwa nthunzi wakuthupi (PVD), monga kulavula, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi malo opangira semiconductor omwe alipo.
Njira zowonjezekazi ndizofunikira pakuphatikiza MoS ziwiri m'makina a digito ndi ma optoelectronic, kumene mgwirizano ndi kuberekana ndizofunikira kwambiri.
3. Tribological Efficiency ndi Industrial Lubrication Applications
3.1 Systems of Solid-State Lubrication
One of the oldest and most extensive uses MoS ₂ is as a strong lubricant in atmospheres where fluid oils and oils are inadequate or unwanted.
The weak interlayer van der Waals forces allow the S– Mo– S sheets to slide over one another with very little resistance, resulting in a really reduced coefficient of rubbing– normally in between 0.05 ndi 0.1 in dry or vacuum problems.
This lubricity is particularly beneficial in aerospace, vacuum systems, and high-temperature equipment, where traditional lubricants might vaporize, oxidize, or weaken.
MoS ₂ can be applied as a dry powder, bound coating, or dispersed in oils, greases, and polymer compounds to boost wear resistance and minimize friction in bearings, equipments, and gliding calls.
Kuchita bwino kwake kumakulitsidwanso m'malo achinyezi chifukwa cha kutsekemera kwa tinthu tating'ono tamadzi timene timagwira ntchito ngati mafuta opangira ma molekyulu pakati pa zigawo., ngakhale kunyowa kwambiri kungayambitse makutidwe ndi okosijeni ndi chiwonongeko pakapita nthawi.
3.2 Compound Assimilation ndi Wear Resistance Improvement
MoS ₂ nthawi zambiri imaphatikizidwa muzitsulo, ceramic, ndi ma matrices a polima kuti apange zopangira zodzipaka zokha ndi moyo wautali wautumiki.
Muzitsulo-matrix composites, monga MoS ₂-yolimbitsa kuwala kwa aluminiyamu kapena chitsulo, gawo lopaka mafuta limachepetsa kukangana pamalire ambewu ndikuletsa kuvala kwa guluu.
Mu ma polymer kompositi, makamaka pamapulasitiki opangira ngati PEEK kapena nayiloni, MoS ₂ imathandizira kunyamula katundu ndikuchepetsa kukangana popanda kuwononga kwambiri mphamvu zamakina..
Zosakaniza izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu bushings, zisindikizo, ndi zinthu zouluka m'galimoto, mafakitale, ndi ntchito zam'madzi.
Kuphatikiza apo, Zopaka za plasma zopopera kapena zoyika sputter-deposit MoS ziwiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mumagulu ankhondo ndi zakuthambo., opangidwa ndi ma jet engines ndi ma satellite mechanisms, komwe kudalilika pamavuto akulu ndikofunikira.
4. Emerging Functions mu Energy, Zamagetsi, ndi Catalysis
4.1 Mapulogalamu mu Kusungirako Mphamvu ndi Kutembenuka
Kupitilira mafuta ndi zamagetsi, MoS two yapeza kutchuka muukadaulo wamakono wamagetsi, makamaka ngati stimulant kwa hydrogen chitukuko kuyankha (IYE) mu electrolysis ya madzi.
Masamba amphamvu kwambiri amakhala pafupi ndi S– Mo– S zigawo, pomwe maatomu a molybdenum ndi sulfure osalumikizana bwino amathandizira kutsatsa kwa proton ndi chitukuko cha H ₂.
Pomwe kuchuluka kwa MoS ziwiri kumakhala kocheperako kuposa platinamu, nanostructuring– monga kupanga ma nanosheets owongoka chowongoka kapena ma monolayers okhala ndi cholakwika– imakulitsa kwambiri makulidwe a mawebusayiti amphamvu, kubwera pafupi ndi mphamvu ya zinthu zokometsera za rare-earth element.
Izi zimapangitsa MoS TWO kukhala yotsika mtengo yolimbikitsa, Kusankha kochuluka kwa dziko lapansi pakupanga haidrojeni wobiriwira.
Mu malo osungirako mphamvu, MoS awiri amafufuzidwa ngati zinthu za anode mu lithiamu-ion ndi sodium-ion mabatire chifukwa cha luso lake lapamwamba la maphunziro. (~ 670 mAh/g kwa Li ⁺) ndi mawonekedwe osanjikiza omwe amathandizira kulumikizana kwa ion.
Komabe, zovuta monga kukula kwa voliyumu panthawi yoyendetsa njinga komanso kuwongolera kwamagetsi pang'ono kumafunikira njira monga carbon hybridization kapena heterostructure development kuti kulimbikitsa cyclability ndi magwiridwe antchito..
4.2 Kuphatikiza mu Versatile ndi Quantum Gadgets
The makina kusinthasintha, kuwonekera, ndi mawonekedwe a semiconducting a MoS awiri kumapangitsa kukhala chiyembekezo chabwino cham'badwo wotsatira wa zida zamagetsi zosinthika komanso kuvala.
Ma transistors opangidwa kuchokera ku monolayer MoS awiri amawonetsa kuchuluka kwa / kutseka (> 10 ⁸) ndi kuyenda kofunika monga momwe 500 centimita MBIRI/ V · s mu mitundu yoyimitsidwa, kupangitsa ma logic ocheperako kwambiri, masensa, ndi zida zokumbukira.
Mukaphatikizidwa ndi zida zina za 2D monga graphene (kwa ma electrode) ndi hexagonal boron nitride (kwa insulation), MoS ₂ mitundu ya van der Waals heterostructures yomwe imafanana ndi zida zachikhalidwe za semiconductor koma zolondola kwambiri zama atomiki.
Ma heterostructures awa akuwunikidwa pa tunnel transistors, mabatire a dzuwa, ndi quantum emitters.
Komanso, Kulumikizana kolimba kwa spin-orbit ndi polarization yachigwa mu MoS ziwiri zimapereka mawonekedwe a zida za spintronic ndi valleytronic., pomwe zambiri zidalembedwa kuti sizimatsogolera, komabe mu kuchuluka kwa ufulu, zomwe zitha kupangitsa kuti pakhale mayendedwe apakompyuta otsika kwambiri.
Mukubwereza, molybdenum disulfide amawonetsa kuphatikizika kwa mphamvu zakuthupi zakale ndi ukadaulo wa quantum-scale.
Kuchokera paudindo wake ngati mafuta olimba olimba m'malo ovuta kwambiri mpaka mawonekedwe ake ngati semiconductor mumagetsi oonda atomu komanso chothandizira mumagetsi osatha., MoS ₂ ikupitiriza kulongosolanso malire a sayansi yazinthu.
Pamene njira zophatikizira zikuchulukirachulukira komanso njira zophatikizira zikukula, MoS ₂ ili ndi mwayi wochita ntchito yayikulu mtsogolo mwazopanga zapamwamba, mphamvu yaudongo, ndi quantum infotech.
Wopereka
RBOSCHCO ndi ogulitsa odalirika padziko lonse lapansi & wopanga ndi over 12 zaka zambiri popereka mankhwala apamwamba kwambiri komanso Nanomaterials. Kampaniyo imatumiza kumayiko ambiri, monga USA, Canada, Europe, UAE, South Africa, Tanzania, Kenya, Egypt, Nigeria, Cameroon, Uganda, nkhukundembo, Mexico, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Brazil, Chile, Argentina, Dubai, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Australia,Germany, France, Italy, Portugal etc. Monga wopanga chitukuko cha nanotechnology, RBOSCHCO imalamulira msika. Gulu lathu la akatswiri ogwira ntchito limapereka mayankho abwino kwambiri othandizira kukonza magwiridwe antchito amakampani osiyanasiyana, pangani mtengo, ndi kuthana mosavuta ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana. Ngati mukuyang'ana mafuta a molybdenum ufa, chonde tumizani imelo ku: [email protected]
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