1. Halabuurka Muhiimka ah iyo Dhismaha Dhismaha ee Ceramics Quartz
1.1 Crystalline vs. Silica isku dhafan: Qeexida Heerka Alaabta
(Ceramics hufan)
Quartz porcelains, sidoo kale loo yaqaano quartz la isku daray ama ceramics silica la isku daray, waa walxo cusub oo aan organic ahayn oo ka soo jeeda quartz crystalline nadiif ah (SiO TWO) kaas oo mara dhalaalid nidaamsan iyo xoojinta amaahda si loo horumariyo cufan, aan crystalline ahayn (amorphous) ama qaab-dhismeedka dhoobada qayb ka mid ah crystalline.
Si ka duwan poselin-dhaqameedka sida alumina ama zirconia, kuwaas oo ah polycrystalline oo ka kooban marxalado kala duwan, dhoobada quartz waxay inta badan ka kooban tahay silikoon dioxide oo ah shabakad isku xidhan oo isku xidhan SiO four system, bixinta nadiifinta kiimikaad aad u wanaagsan– si joogto ah u dhaafa 99.9% SiO ₂.
Farqiga u dhexeeya quartz isku dhafan iyo quartz pocelains waxay ku xiran tahay habaynta: halka quartz-ka la isku daray uu caadi ahaan yahay muraayad gebi ahaanba aan muuqaal lahayn oo lagu sameeyay qaboojin degdeg ah oo silica dareere ah, Quartz porcelains waxay ku lug yeelan karaan crystallization nidaamsan (leexin) ama isku dhafka budada quartz ee wanaagsan si loo dhammeeyo qaab-dhismeed yar oo polycrystalline ah oo wanaagsan.
Habkan isku-dhafka ah wuxuu isku daraa kuleyliyaha iyo xasiloonida kiimikaad ee silica la isku daray oo ay la xoojisay adkaanta dildilaaca iyo amniga cabbirka ee culeyska farsamada.
1.2 Hababka Xasiloonida kulaylka iyo Kiimikada
Waxqabadka gaarka ah ee boorsooyinka quartz ee deegaannada aadka u daran waxay ka yimaaddaan covalent Si xooggan– O bonds abuura shabakad saddex-cabbir ah oo leh tamar dammaanad sare leh (~ 452 kJ/mol), siinta iska caabin yaab leh oo ka sii dara kulaylka iyo weerarrada kiimikada.
Alaabooyinkani waxay muujinayaan isku-dheellitirnaan si gaar ah loo dhimay ee ballaadhinta kulaylka– ku saabsan 0.55 × 10 ⁻⁶/ K ka sarreeya 20– 300 ° C– taasoo ka dhigaysa inay aad ugu adkaystaan shoogga kulaylka, sifada muhiimka ah ee codsiyada ku lug leh baaskiil wadida heerkulka degdega ah.
Waxay ka ilaalinayaan sharafta qaabdhismeedka heer kulka cryogenic ilaa 1200 ° C hawo, iyo sidoo kale ku weyn jawi aan firfircoonayn, ka hor inta aan jilicsanayn bilaabmin agagaarka 1600 ° C.
Ceramics-ka Quartz waa kuwo aan ka tagin inta badan asiidhka, oo ay ku jiraan hydrochloric, nitric, iyo sulfuric acids, iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay ammaanka labada shabakadood ee SiO, in kasta oo ay halis ugu jiraan in ay weeraraan aashitada hydrofluoric iyo alkalis adag ee heerkulku sareeyo.
Kiimikadan adkeysiga, oo ay weheliso iska caabin koronto oo sarreeya iyo ultraviolet (UV) furfurnaan, waxay ka dhigtaa kuwo aad ugu fiican isticmaalka hab-socodka semiconductor, foornooyinka heerkulka sare leh, iyo nidaamyada indhaha oo soo gaadhay xaalado aad u daran.
2. Hannaanka Wax-soo-saarka iyo Xakamaynta Dhismayaasha Yaryar
( Ceramics hufan)
2.1 dhalaalay, Sintering, iyo Dariiqyada leexinta
Soo saarista dhoobada quartz waxay keenaysaa farsamooyin maarayn kulayl oo horumarsan oo la sameeyay si loo ilaaliyo nadiifnimada iyadoo la fulinayo dhumucda la doonayo iyo qaab-dhismeed yar.
Mid ka mid ah habka caadiga ah waa dhalaalida korantada ee ciidda quartz ee nadiifka ah, oo ay ku xigto qaboojin la xakameeyey si loo abuuro quartz ingots isku dhafan, Kaas oo intaas ka dib lagu farsamayn karo curiyayaasha.
Loogu talagalay ceramics quartz sinteed, Budada quartz ee submicron waxa ay isku duuban yihiin riixid isostatic ah oo lagu shubay heer kulka inta u dhaxaysa 1100 ° C iyo 1400 ° C, Caadi ahaan leh maaddooyin yar-yar si kor loogu qaado cufnaanta iyada oo aan la kicin horumar badan oo hadhuudh ah ama isbeddel marxaladda.
Caqabadda lagama maarmaanka u ah habaynta ayaa ah ka fogaanshaha leexleexinta– Uumi kadiska ah ee galaaska silica metastable isla markiiba galay marxaladaha crristobalite ama tridymite– taas oo khatar galin karta iska caabinta shoogga kulaylka sababtoo ah wax ka beddelka mugga inta lagu jiro isbeddelka marxaladda.
Soosaarayaashu waxay shaqaaleeyaan xakamaynta heerka heerkulka gaarka ah, wareegyada qaboojinta degdega ah, iyo dopants sida boron ama titanium si ay u yareeyaan uumiga aan loo baahnayn oo loo ilaaliyo qaab-dhismeed yar oo qaabaysan oo sugan.
2.2 Wax-soo-saarka Wax-soo-saarka iyo Samaynta Qaab-Shabakad-u-dhow
Horumarkii u dambeeyay ee wax-soo-saarka wax-ku-darka dhoobada (AM), gaar ahaan stereolithography (MAGAALADA SHANTY) iyo binder jetting, dhab ahaantii waxay oggolaadeen dhismaha qaybo dhoobo ah oo quartz ah oo leh saxnaanta joomatari sare.
Nidaamyadan, Nanoparticles silica ayaa lagu hayaa qalab sawir leh ama lakab-lakab si door ah ugu xidhan, u hoggaansamay by dejinta iyo sintering heerkulka sare si loo gaaro cufnaanta dhamaystiran.
Habkani wuxuu yareynayaa qashinka alaabta wuxuuna ogolaanayaa abuurista joomatari adag– sida kanaalada dareeraha ah, godadka indhaha, ama qaybaha beddelka diiran– kuwaas oo caqabad ku ah ama ay adagtahay in la gaaro mashiinada caadiga ah.
Farsamooyinka habaynta ka dib, oo ka kooban uumiga kiimikaad ee soo dhex gala (CVI) ama dhamaystirka sol-gel, mararka qaarkood waxaa la saaraa porosity oogada oo sugan oo wanaajiya qallafsanaanta farsamada iyo deegaanka.
Horumarradan ayaa kordhinaya heerka isticmaalka dhoobada quartz ee saxda ah ee nidaamyada makaanikada yar yar (MEMS), qalabka shaybaadhka-on-a-chip, iyo qalabyada heerkulka sare ee la habeeyey.
3. Tilmaamaha Faa'iidada leh iyo Hufnaanta Deegaannada Ba'an
3.1 Daah-furnaanta indhaha iyo caadooyinka Dielectric
Ceramics Quartz waxay soo bandhigaan guryo indho-indheyn oo gaar ah, oo ay ku jiraan gudbinta sare ee ultraviolet, dareemi karo, iyo spectrum u dhow-infrared (ka ~ 180 nm ku 2500 nm), iyaga oo ka dhigaya kuwo muhiim u ah lithography UV, nidaamyada laser, iyo indho-sarcaad ku salaysan meel bannaan.
Furfurnaantani waxay ka timaadaa maqnaanshaha wareejinta bandgap elektarooniga ah ee qaabka UV-muuqda iyo kala firdhisanaan aad u yar taas oo ay sabab u tahay isku-noolaanshaha iyo porosity hooseeya.
Intaa waxaa dheer, Waxay leeyihiin dhismayaal koronto leh oo heer sare ah, oo leh koronto yar oo joogto ah (~ 3.8 at 1 MHz) iyo khasaare koronto oo aad u yar, u oggolaanaya isticmaalkooda sida walxaha gaashaanka u ah nidaamyada dhijitaalka ah ee soo noqnoqda iyo awoodda sare leh, sida radar waveguides iyo reactors plasma.
Awooddooda ay ku ilaalinayaan dahaarka korantada ee heerarka heerkulka sare waxay si fiican u kordhisaa daacadnimada la raadsado deegaan koronto.
3.2 Ficilada Makaanikada iyo Waaritaanka Muddada Dheer
In kasta oo ay aad u jajaban yihiin– tayo guud oo ka mid ah boorsada– Quartz porcelains waxay muujinayaan adkeysi farsamo oo heersare ah (xoog dabacsanaan ilaa 100 MPa) iyo iska caabin gurguurta oo gaar ah oo heerkul sare ah.
Adaggooda (ku dhawaad 5.5– 6.5 miisaanka Mohs) waxay siisaa iska caabin ah nabarka aagga dusha sare, in kasta oo daawaynta ay tahay in la qaato inta wax laga qabanayo si looga hortago waxyeelada ama kala qaybsanaanta dhibaatooyinka dusha sare.
Adkaynta deegaanka waa faa'iido muhim ah oo dheeri ah: Quartz porcelains si aad ah ugama baxo gaaska nadiifiyaha, iska caabiso waxyeelada shucaaca, iyo ilaalinta amniga cabbirka ee soo-gaadhista daba dheeraatay ee baaskiil wadida kulaylka iyo goobaha kiimikada.
Tani waxay ka dhigaysaa alaabooyinka ay doorbidaan qolalka wax-soo-saarka semiconductor, dareemayaasha hawada sare, iyo qalabaynta nukliyeerka oo ay tahay in la yareeyo wasakheynta iyo guul darrida.
4. Warshadaha, Cilmi, iyo Codsiyada Farsamada ee Kaca
4.1 Semiconductor iyo xalalka wax soo saarka sawir-qaadista
In warshadaha semiconductors, Quartz porcelains ayaa meel walba ku yaal agabka maaraynta waferka, oo ay ku jiraan tuubooyinka nidaamka kuleylka, gambaleelka, dulin, iyo madaxyada qubayska oo loo adeegsaday kaydka uumiga kiimikada (CVD) iyo plasma etching.
Nadiifintoodu waxay ka ilaalisaa wasakhaynta birta ee maraqa silikoon, halka ilaalinta kulaylku ay ka dhigayso qaybinta heerkul isku mid ah inta lagu jiro ficilada habaynta heerkulka sare.
Soo saarista sawir-qaadista ama pv, Qaybaha quartz waxaa loo isticmaalaa kuleyliyeyaasha fidinta iyo hababka nuugista ee soosaarka baytariga qorraxda, halkaas oo xisaabaadka kulaylka joogtada ah iyo la'aanta kiimikada ay lagama maarmaan u tahay soo celinta sare iyo waxtarka.
Baahida loo qabo waferrada waaweyn iyo wax soo saarka sare ayaa dhab ahaantii horseeday horumarinta qaababka dhoobada quartz ee aadka u weyn oo leh kororka sinnaanta iyo yaraynta dhumucda cilladda..
4.2 Hawada hawada, Difaaca, iyo Quantum Casriga Tignoolajiyada Casriga ah
Ka baxsan maaraynta warshadaha, Quartz porcelains waxaa lagu isticmaalaa codsiyada hawada hawada sida daaqadaha taageerada gantaalada, Qulqullada infrared, oo ay dib u soo galaan qaybaha baabuurta taas oo ay sabab u tahay awooddooda si ay ugu hor istaagaan kulaylka xad dhaafka ah iyo kacsanaanta hawada.
Nidaamyada ilaalinta, Furfurnaantooda radar iyo mikrowave ayaa ka dhigaya kuwo ku habboon radomes iyo guryaha dareemayaasha.
Dhawaanahan, ceramics-ka quartz ayaa dhab ahaantii ku yaal waajibaadyada hal-abuurka tirada, Halka balaadhinta kulaylka aadka u hooseeya iyo iswaafajinta faakuum nadiifiyaha sare looga baahan yahay suus ilkeed oo sax ah, atomiga qabsada, iyo qolal qubit ah oo heersare ah.
Awoodda ay ku yareeyaan socodka kulaylka waxay hubisaa waqtiyada fahamka dheer iyo saxnaanta cabbirka sare ee kumbuyuutarka iyo nidaamyada dareenka.
Dib u soo koobid, Quartz porcelains waxay u taagan yihiin koorsada alaabada waxqabadka sare leh ee isku xidha bannaanka u dhexeeya weelasha caadiga ah iyo muraayadaha gaarka ah.
Isku dhafka aan caadiga ahayn ee xasilloonida kulaylka, firfircoonaan la'aanta kiimikada, hufnaanta indhaha, iyo korantada dahaarka ayaa u ogolaanaya tignoolajiyada casriga ah ee ku shaqeeya xadka heerka heerkulka, daahirnimo, iyo saxnaanta.
Marka farsamooyinka wax soo saarku horumariyaan oo ay u baahan yihiin u koraan agabka awoodda u leh in ay u istaagaan xaaladaha sii kordhaya, ceramics quartz waxay ahaan doontaa inay ciyaaraan hawl aasaasi ah ka hor wakhtiga semiconductor, awood, hawada sare, iyo nidaamyada tirada.
5. Alaab-qeybiye
Ceramics Advanced la aasaasay Oktoobar 17, 2012, waa shirkad tignoolajiyada sare leh oo ka go'an cilmi-baarista iyo horumarinta, wax soo saarka, farsamaynta, iibinta iyo adeegyada farsamada ee alaabta iyo qaraabada dhoobada. Alaabadayada waxaa ku jira laakiin aan ku xaddidnayn Alaabta dhoobada ah ee Boron Carbide, Alaabta dhoobada ee boron Nitride, Alaabta dhoobada ee Silicon Carbide, Alaabta dhoobada ee Silicon Nitride, Alaabta dhoobada ah ee Zirconium Dioxide, iwm. Hadii aad xiisaynayso, fadlan xor u noqo inaad nala soo xidhiidho.([email protected])
Tags: Ceramics hufan, saxan dhoobo ah, tuubooyinka dhoobada
Dhammaan maqaallada iyo sawirradu waxay ka yimaadeen internetka. Haddii ay jiraan arrimo xuquuqda daabacaadda, fadlan nala soo xidhiidh wakhtiga aad tirtirayso.
na waydii