Occurrence of boron

Boron is rare in the Universe and solar system due to trace formation in the Big Bang and stars. It is formed in minor amounts in cosmic ray spallation nucleosynthesis and may be found uncombined in cosmic dust and meteoroid materials. In the high oxygen environment of Earth, Boron is always found fully oxidized to borate. Boron does not appear on Earth in elemental form. Minimal traces of elemental Boron were detected in the Lunar regolith. Although Boron is a relatively rare element in the Earth's crust, representing only 0.001% of the crust's mass, it can be highly concentrated by the action of water, in which many borates are soluble. It is naturally combined in borax and boric acid (sometimes found in volcanic spring waters). About a hundred borate minerals are known. Economically essential sources of Boron are the minerals colemanite, rasorite (kernite), ulexite and tical. Together these constitute 90% of mined boron-containing ore. The largest global borax deposits known, many still untapped, are in Central and Western Turkey, including the provinces of Eskişehir, Kütahya and Balıkesir. International proven boron mineral mining reserves exceed one billion metric tonnes against a yearly production of about four million tonnes. Turkey and the United States are the largest producers of boron products. Turkey produces about half the annual global demand through Eti Mine Works (Turkish: Eti Maden İşletmeleri), a state-owned mining and chemicals company focusing on boron products. It holds a government monopoly on mining borate minerals in Turkey, which possesses 72% of the world's known deposits. In 2012, it had a 47% share of the production of global borate minerals, ahead of its main competitor, Rio Tinto Group. Almost a quarter (23%) of global boron production comes from the single Rio Tinto Borax Mine (also known as the U.S. Borax Boron Mine) 35°2′34.447″N 117°40′45.412″W near Boron, California. If you are looking for high quality, high purity and cost-effective Boron, or if you require the latest price of Boron, please feel free to email contact mis-asia.