1. Hana Hana Hana a me nā hiʻohiʻona o ka Boron Carbide Powder
1.1 ʻO ka B ₄ C Stoichiometry a me ke ʻano Atomic
(Boron Carbide)
Boron carbide (B EHA C) ʻO ka pauka he mea ʻokikia ʻole i haku ʻia me ka boron a me nā ʻātoma kalapona, me ke kumu stoichiometric kūpono B ₄ C, ʻoiai e hōʻike ana ia i kahi ʻano nui o ke kūʻē ʻana mai ka B ₄ C a i ka B ₁₀. ELIMA C.
Mai ka ʻōnaehana rhombohedral kona ʻano aniani, ʻike ʻia e kahi pūnaewele o 12-atom icosahedra– i loko o kēlā me kēia 11 nā ʻātoma boron a me 1 ʻātoma kalapona– hoʻopili ʻia e Direct B– C a i ʻole C– B– C pololei triatomic kaulahao ma ka [111] kuhikuhi.
ʻO kēia hoʻonohonoho kūikawā o ka icosahedra i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i covalently a me nā kaulahao hoʻohui e hōʻike i ka paʻa paʻa a me ka paʻa wela., hana ʻana i ka boron carbide kekahi o nā huahana paʻakikī loa, ʻoi aku ma mua o ka cubic boron nitride a me ke daimana.
ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hemahema hoʻolālā, e like me ka hemahema kalapona i ke kaulahao pololei a i ʻole ka maʻi hoʻololi i loko o ka icosahedra, pili loa i ka mechanical, uila uila, a me ka neutron absorption hale noho, e koi ana i ka mana pololei i ka wā o ka synthesis pauda.
Hoʻohui pū kēia mau hiʻohiʻona pae atomika i kona mānoanoa hoʻemi (~ 2.52 g/cm EKOLU), He mea koʻikoʻi ia no nā noi pale māmā kahi mea koʻikoʻi ka nui o ka ikaika-a-kaumaha.
1.2 Māhele maʻemaʻe a me nā hopena haumia
Pono nā noi hana kiʻekiʻe i nā pauka boron carbide me ka maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe a me ka liʻiliʻi o ka haumia mai ka oxygen, metala haumia, a i ʻole nā pae lua e like me ka boron suboxides (B ₂ O ELUA) a i ʻole ke kalapona uku ʻole.
Hoʻohaumia ʻana o ka oxygen, hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia i ka wā o ka hana ʻana a i ʻole mai nā mea kumu, hiki ke hana i B TWO O ₃ ma nā palena palaoa, ka mea volatilizes i ka wela a hoʻomohala i ka porosity i loko o ka sintering, e uhai ana i ka pono mechanical.
Hiki i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe metala e like me ka hao a i ʻole ke silika ke hana ma ke ʻano he kōkua sintering akā hiki ke hoʻomohala i nā eutectics hoʻoheheʻe haʻahaʻa a i ʻole nā pae ʻelua e hoʻopilikia i ka paʻakikī a me ke kūpaʻa wela..
No ia kumu, ʻenehana hoʻomaʻemaʻe e like me ka hoʻolei ʻana i ka waikawa, kiʻekiʻe-mahana annealing ma lalo inert ambiences, a i ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ultra-pure precursors he mea nui e hana i nā pauka kūpono no nā seramika hou.
ʻO ka mahele ʻāpana ʻāpana a me nā kikoʻī kikoʻī o ka pauka ke pāʻani nei i nā kuleana koʻikoʻi i ka ʻike ʻana i ka sinterability a me ka microstructure hope., me nā pauka submicron maʻamau e hiki ai ke hoʻonui i ka densification ma nā pae wela haʻahaʻa.
2. ʻO ka Synthesis a me ka lawelawe ʻana i ka pauka Boron Carbide
(Boron Carbide)
2.1 Nā Hana Hana Hana Hana a me nā Laboratory-Scale
Hana nui ʻia ka pauka Boron carbide me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa carbothermal kiʻekiʻe o nā mea mua i loaʻa i ka boron., ka nui o ka waika boric (H ELIMA BO ELUA) aiʻole boron oxide (B ₂ O EONO), ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai kalapona e like me ka aila coke a i ʻole ka lanahu.
ʻO ka pane, hana maʻamau i loko o nā mea hoʻomehana arc uila ma nā mahana ma waena 1800 ° C a 2500 ° C, ke hoʻomau nei e like me: 2B ELUA O EHA + 7C → B ʻEhā C + 6CO.
Hāʻawi kēia ʻano hana i ke koʻikoʻi, nā pauka ʻano like ʻole e koi ana i ka wili piha ʻana a me ka ʻāpana e hoʻokō ai i nā ʻāpana ʻāpana nui e pono ai no ka hana seramika holomua..
ʻO nā ʻenehana ʻē aʻe e like me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka mahu kemika i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka laser (CVD), ka hoʻohui pū ʻana i ka plasma, a me ka lawelawe ʻana mechanochemical i nā papa hana i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pauka homogeneous me ka mana maikaʻi ma luna o ka stoichiometry a me ka morphology.
Mechanochemical synthesis, ʻo kahi laʻana, e pili ana i ka wili poepoe me ka ikaika nui o ka boron a me ke kalapona, e hiki ai ke hoʻomohala i ka wela o ka lumi a i ʻole ka wela haʻahaʻa o ka B ₄ C ma o nā pane paʻa i alakaʻi ʻia e ka ikehu mechanical..
ʻO kēia mau ʻenehana loea, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ke kumu kūʻai, ke loaʻa nei ka hoihoi no ka hana ʻana i nā pauka nanostructured me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka sinterability a me ka pono pono.
2.2 ʻO ka pauka Morphology a me ka hoʻolālā ʻili
ʻO ka morphology o ka pauka boron carbide– ina he kihi, poepoe, a i ʻole nanostructured– pili pololei i kona flowability, paʻa paʻa, a me ka reactivity i loko o ka hoʻohui hōʻaiʻē.
Nā ʻāpana kihi, ʻano maʻamau o nā pauka i wāwahi ʻia a i hana ʻia e ka mīkini, e hoopili aku, e hoʻonui ana i ka ikaika ʻōmaʻomaʻo akā e hōʻike ana paha i nā pali mānoanoa.
Nā pauka poepoe, hana pinepine ʻia ma o ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana a i ʻole ka plasma spheroidization, hāʻawi i nā hiʻohiʻona ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no ka hana hoʻohui a me nā noi hoʻokuke wela.
Hoʻololi ʻili, me ka uhi ʻana me ka carbon a polymer dispersants, hiki ke hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻopuehu ʻana o ka pauka i loko o nā slurries a pale i ka pūpū, He mea nui ia no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā microstructure like ʻole i nā mea sintered.
Eia hou, ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau pre-sintering e like me ka annealing i loko o ka inert a i ʻole ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i nā kaiapuni e kōkua i ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā oxides surface a me nā ʻano adsorbed., hoʻomaikaʻi i ka sinterability a me ka wehe hope a i ʻole ka ikaika mechanical.
3. Nā Noho Pono a me nā Ana Hana Hana
3.1 Mechanical and Thermal Habits
Boron carbide pauda, ke hoʻohui ʻia i loko o nā seramika lehulehu, hōʻike i nā hale mechanical kiʻekiʻe, me ka paakiki Vickers o 30– 35 GPa, e hana ana ia i kekahi o nā huahana hoʻolālā paʻakikī loa i loaʻa.
Ua oi aku kona ikaika compressive 4 GPa, a mālama ʻo ia i ka pololei o ke kūkulu ʻana i nā pae wela e like me 1500 ° C i nā kaiapuni inert, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka nui o ka oxidation 500 ° C i ka ea ma muli o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o B ₂ O ʻeono.
ʻO ka mānoanoa haʻahaʻa o ka huahana (~ 2.5 g/cm EONO) hāʻawi ia i kahi ʻāpana ikaika-i-kaumaha, he pōmaikaʻi koʻikoʻi i ka aerospace a me nā ʻōnaehana palekana ballistic.
Eia naʻe, He palupalu maoli ka boron carbide a palupalu i ka amorphization ma lalo o ka hopena koʻikoʻi, he manao i ikeia “nalowale o ka ʻoki ʻoki,” ka mea e kaupalena ana i kona pono i nā hiʻohiʻona pale kūikawā me nā projectiles kiʻekiʻe.
Ke noiʻi noiʻi pololei i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hui– e like me ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka B ʻEhā C me ka carbide silika (SiC) aiʻole nā kalapona kalapona– manaʻo e hōʻemi i kēia kaohi ma o ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ikaika haʻihaʻi a me ka pau ʻana o ka mana.
3.2 Neutron Absorption a me Nuclear Applications
ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi o ka boron carbide ʻo ia kona kiʻekiʻe thermal neutron absorption cross-section., ma muli o ka ¹⁰ B isotope, e hana ana i ka ¹⁰ B(n, a)⁷ Li ka hopena nukili ma ka hopu ʻana i ka neutron.
Hana kēia waiwai i ka pauka B FOUR C i mea maikaʻi loa no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka neutron, nā lāʻau hoʻomalu, a hoʻopaʻa i nā pellets i nā mea kanu mana atomika, kahi e hoʻomohu pono ai i nā neutron keu e hoʻoponopono i nā pane fission.
ʻO ka hopena o nā ʻāpana alpha a me nā lithium ion he pōkole, huahana kinoea ole, e ho'ēmi ana i ka pōʻino a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ke kinoea i loko o nā mea hoʻoulu.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ¹⁰ B isotope, ka ʻae ʻana i ka lahilahi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana i nā huahana.
Kahi mea hou aʻe, ʻO ka palekana kemika o ka boron carbide a me ka pale ʻana i ka radiation e hana i kekahi mau hana lōʻihi i nā kaiapuni kiʻekiʻe.
4. Nā noi ma ka hana ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe a me ka ʻenehana
4.1 ʻO ka pale Ballistic a me nā mea pale pale lole
ʻO ka noi nui o ka pauka boron carbide e noho mau ana i ka hana ʻana i nā mea pale seramika māmā no nā limahana, nā kaʻa kaʻa, a me ka mokulele.
Ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o nā tile papahele a hoʻokomo pono ʻia i loko o nā ʻōnaehana pale kaua me nā polymer a i ʻole nā mea kila., Hoʻopau maikaʻi ʻo B FOUR C i ka mana kinetic o nā projectiles kiʻekiʻe me ka haki, ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka plastic o ka mea komo, a me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻopalekana ikehu.
ʻO kona haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e hiki ai i nā ʻōnaehana pale māmā i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea ʻē aʻe e like me ka tungsten carbide a i ʻole ke kila, mea nui no ka neʻe ʻana o ka pūʻali a me ka hana kinoea.
Ka pale aku i hala, boron carbide is used in wear-resistant elements such as nozzles, seals, and reducing devices, where its extreme solidity ensures long life span in rough settings.
4.2 Additive Production and Arising Technologies
Current advancements in additive manufacturing (AM), specifically binder jetting and laser powder bed combination, have actually opened new opportunities for making complex-shaped boron carbide parts.
High-purity, spherical B FOUR C powders are essential for these processes, requiring outstanding flowability and packing density to make certain layer harmony and component stability.
While challenges stay– such as high melting point, thermal tension fracturing, and recurring porosity– study is advancing towards totally thick, net-shape ceramic parts for aerospace, nukelea, and energy applications.
Eia kekahi, boron carbide is being discovered in thermoelectric gadgets, nā slurries maikaʻi ʻole no ka polū pololei, a ma ke ʻano he hana hoʻoikaika i nā pūhui matrix metala.
Ma ka hōʻuluʻulu, ʻO ka pauka boron carbide e kū nei ma ka poʻokela o nā huahana seramika hou, ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka paʻakikī loa, emi mānoanoa, a me ka hiki i ka neutron absorption i loko o kahi ʻōnaehana inorganic mehameha.
Ma o ka mana kūikawā o ka make-up, morphology, a me ka lawelawe ʻana, hiki iā ia ke holo i nā ʻenehana hou i kekahi o nā kaiapuni koʻikoʻi, mai ke kahua kaua a hiki i ka nuclear reactor cores.
Ke hoʻomau nei nā hoʻolālā synthesis a me nā hana hana, E noho mau ka pauka boron carbide i mea hoʻoikaika nui i nā mea hana kiʻekiʻe o ka hanauna e hiki mai ana.
5. Mea hoʻolako
ʻO RBOSCCHO kahi mea hoʻolako mea hoʻolako kemika honua & mea hana me ka oi 12 mau makahiki i ka hoʻolako ʻana i nā kemika kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me nā Nanomaterials. Hoʻokuʻu aku ka hui i nā ʻāina he nui, e like me USA, Kanaka, ʻEulopa, UAE, ʻApelika Hema, Tanazania, Kenia, ʻAikupita, Naigeria, Kameruna, Ukanada, Kuleke, Mekiko, ʻAkepaikana, Pelekiuma, Kupelo, Czech Republic, Palakila, Kili, ʻAlekina, Dubai, Iapana, Korea, Wiekanama, Tailani, Malaia, ʻInidonesia, Nuhōlani,Kelemānia, Palani, Ikalia, Pokukala etc. Ma ke ʻano he mea hana hoʻomohala nanotechnology alakaʻi, ʻO RBOSCHCO ka luna o ka mākeke. Hāʻawi kā mākou hui hana ʻoihana i nā hāʻina kūpono e kōkua i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka pono o nā ʻoihana like ʻole, hana waiwai, a maʻalahi hoʻi i nā pilikia like ʻole. Inā ʻoe e ʻimi nei kumukūʻai boron carbide no ke kilo, e ʻoluʻolu e hoʻouna i leka uila iā: [email protected]
Nā huaʻōlelo: boron carbide,b4c boron carbide,kumukūʻai boron carbide
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