1. Hoʻohui a me ka Hydration Chemistry o Calcium Aluminate Cement
1.1 Nā Māhele Kumu a me nā kumuwaiwai kumu
(Paʻakū Aluminate Calcium)
ʻO ke kinikini alumina calcium (CAC) he huahana hale kūikawā ma muli o ka sima alumina calcium (CAC), ʻokoʻa loa ia mai ka awelika sima Portland (OPC) ma ka haku mele a me ka pono.
ʻO ka māhele paʻa mua ma CAC he alumina monocalcium (CaO · Al ₂ O ʻEono a i ʻole CA), ʻo ka maʻamau he 40– 60% o ka clinker, me nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe e like me ka dodecacalcium hepta-aluminate (C ₁₂ A ₇), calcium dialuminate (CA ELUA), a me nā mea liʻiliʻi o ka tetracalcium trialuminate sulfate (C ₄ AS).
Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia mau pae ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka bauxite maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe (aluminika waiwai nui) a me ka pōhaku sedimentary i loko o ka uila arc a rotary kilns ma nā mahana ma waena 1300 ° C a 1600 ° C, e alakaʻi ana i kahi clinker i hoʻopili ʻia a lilo i pauda nui.
ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka bauxite e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i kahi alumini oxide māmā māmā (Al elua O ₃) maʻiʻo pūnaewele– maʻa mau ma waena 35% a me 80%– He mea koʻikoʻi ia no ka refractory a me ke kūʻē kemika o ka huahana.
ʻAʻole like me OPC, ka mea i helu ʻia ma ka calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) no ka holomua o ka paakiki, Loaʻa ka CAC i kāna mau hale noho a i ʻole nā mea kūʻai aku me ka hydration o ka calcium aluminate, ka hana ʻana i kahi hōʻiliʻili ʻokoʻa o nā hydrates me ka maikaʻi maikaʻi loa i nā kaiapuni koʻikoʻi.
1.2 ʻO ka mea hoʻoheheʻe wai a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ikaika
He paʻakikī ka hydration o ka calcium aluminate cement, ʻO ke kaʻina hana e pili ana i ka mahana e alakaʻi ai i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā hydrates metastable a paʻa me ka manawa.
I nā mahana i helu ʻia ma lalo nei 20 ° C, ʻO CA moisturizes e hoʻomohala i ka CAH ₁₀ (calcium alumina decahydrate) a me C ₂ AH ₈ (dicalcium aluminate octahydrate), ʻo ia nā pae metastable e hāʻawi i ka ikaika wikiwiki– loaʻa mau 50 MPa i loko 1 lā.
Eia naʻe, i nā mahana ma luna o 25– 30 ° C, Ke hoʻololi nei kēia mau hydrates metastable i ke kahua paʻa thermodynamically, C EONO AH EONO (hydrogarnet), a me ka alumini hydroxide māmā amorphous (AH ELIMA), he kaʻina hana i ʻike ʻia he hoʻololi.
Hoʻemi kēia hoʻololi i ka nui ikaika o nā pae hydrated, e hoʻonui ai i ka porosity a me ka hōʻino ʻana paha i ke kaʻa inā ʻaʻole i mālama pono ʻia i ka wā o ka mālama ʻana a me ka hoʻonā.
Hoʻopili ʻia ka nui a me ka pae o ka hoʻololi ʻana e ka ratio wai-a-cement, mālama i ka mahana, a me ka noho ʻana o nā mea e like me ka silica fume a i ʻole microsilica, hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka nalowale o ka paʻakikī ma o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka pore frame a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā hopena lua.
ʻOiai ka hoʻoweliweli o ka hoʻohuli, ʻO ka loaʻa wikiwiki ʻana o ka ikaika a me ka hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa mua loa i ka CAC i kūpono no nā mea precast a me ka hana hoʻoponopono kūlana pilikia i nā ʻoihana..
( Paʻakū Aluminate Calcium)
2. Noho Kino a Me Mechanical ma lalo o nā pilikia koʻikoʻi
2.1 Hana Kiekie-Mahana a me Refractoriness
Ma waena o kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi o ka calcium aluminate concrete ʻo ia ka hiki ke paʻa i nā kūlana wela., e lilo ia i koho koho no nā lining cellular refractory i nā mea hoʻomehana ʻenehana, nā kiln, a me na mea puhi ahi.
Ke wela, Hana ʻo CAC i kahi hōʻuluʻulu o nā pane dehydration a me ka sintering: hoʻohaʻahaʻa nā hydrates ma waena 100 ° C a 300 ° C, ukali ʻia e ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā pae crystalline waena e like me CA ₂ a me ka melilite (gehlenite) maluna 1000 ° C.
I ka pae wela e oi ana 1300 ° C, hoʻokumu ʻia kahi ʻano hana seramika mānoanoa ma o ka sintering ʻano wai, ka hopena i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka stamina a me ka palekana leo.
He ʻokoʻa loa kēia ʻano me ka pāpaʻi ʻo OPC, ka mea maʻamau e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a i ʻole ka degeneration ma luna 300 ° C ma muli o ka hōʻiliʻili koʻikoʻi o ka mahu a me ka hemo ʻana o nā ʻāpana C-S-H.
Hiki i ka CAC-based concretes ke mālama mau i nā pae wela lawelawe a hiki i 1400 ° C, ma muli o ka ʻano hui a me ka hoʻonā, a hoʻohana mau ʻia me ka hui pū ʻana me nā mea hoʻohui refractory e like me ka bauxite calcined, chamotte, a i ʻole mullite e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūpaʻa haʻalulu wela.
2.2 Ke kū'ē i ka hoʻouka kino a me ka ʻino
Hōʻike ʻo Calcium aluminate concrete i ke kūʻē kūʻokoʻa i kahi ākea o nā lewa kemika, ʻO nā kūlana ʻawaʻawa a me ka sulfate-waiwai kahi e pōʻino koke ai ka OPC.
ʻOi aku ka paʻa o nā ʻāpana alumina hydrated i nā kaiapuni haʻahaʻa pH, e ʻae ana i ka CAC e pale aku i ka ʻakika mai nā kumuwaiwai e like me ka sulfuric, hydrochloric, a me nā ʻakika organik– maʻa mau i loko o nā hale hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai, nā kikowaena hana kemika, a me na hana eli.
Ua pale loa ia i ka hahau sulfate, he kumu nui o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana o ka OPC i ka lepo a me ka moana, no ka nele o ka calcium hydroxide (ʻO Portlanders) a me nā pae hana ettringite.
Eia hou, Hōʻike ka CAC i ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ka wai paʻakai a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ke komo ʻana o ka chloride ion, ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka pōʻino o ke kākoʻo ʻana i nā ʻano wai ʻino.
ʻO kēia mau hale noho a hale kūʻai paha e kūpono i nā linings i nā digester biogas, nā pahu mālama pulp a me ka pepa, a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe kinoea hoʻoheheʻe ʻia kahi i loaʻa ai ke kaumaha a me ka wela a me nā hopohopo.
3. ʻAno Microstructure a me Resilience
3.1 Pore Framework a me Leak i loko o ka hale
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka calcium aluminate concrete i pili loa i kona microstructure, ʻoi aku ka nui o kona pore a me ka pili.
Hōʻike ka CAC hou i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia i kahi ʻano pore ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me OPC, me nā pores gel a me nā pores capillary e hāʻawi ana i ka emi ʻana o ka permeability a me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ke kū'ē ʻana i ka ion ion..
Eia naʻe, oiai e holomua ana ka huli ana, hiki ke hoʻonui i ka leaks i loko o ka hale inā ʻaʻole mālama ʻia a hoʻopaʻa ʻia paha ke koʻa..
ʻO ka hoʻonuiʻana i nā mea aluminosilicate pane, e like me ka lehu lele a me ka metakaolin, hiki ke hoʻonui i ka lōʻihi lōʻihi ma o ka ʻai ʻana i ka lime hoʻomaikaʻi a me ka hana ʻana i ka calcium aluminosilicate hydrate kōkua. (C-A-S-H) nā pae e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka microstructure.
Hoʻoponopono pololei– hoʻomaʻamaʻa pulu ma nā mahana i hoʻomalu ʻia– He mea nui ia e hoʻopaneʻe i ka hoʻololi ʻana a ʻae i ka holomua o kahi mānoanoa, impenetrable matrix.
3.2 ʻO ke kū ʻana o ka haʻalulu wela a me ka pale ʻana
ʻO ke kūpaʻa haʻalulu wela he helu koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi no nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hoʻomehana home cyclic a me nā lewa hau..
ʻO ke kinikini alumina calcium, ʻOi aku ka wā i hoʻokumu ʻia me nā mea sima haʻahaʻa a me ka nui o ka hōʻiliʻili refractory kiʻekiʻe, hōʻike i ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa i ka spalling thermal ma muli o kona haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka hoʻomohala wela a me ka conductivity thermal kiʻekiʻe e pili ana i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe refractory..
ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o nā microcracks a me nā porosity interconnected e hiki ai i ke kaumaha a me ka leʻaleʻa hopohopo i nā hoʻololi wikiwiki o ka pae wela., ka pale ʻana i ka pōʻino pōʻino.
Kākoʻo fiber– e hoohana ana i ke kila, polypropylene, a i ʻole nā lau pele– hoʻomaikaʻi hou i ka ikaika a me ka pale ʻana, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wela o nā lining kelepona pāʻoihana.
Hana kēia mau hiʻohiʻona i kekahi mau ola lōʻihi i nā noi e like me ka ladle cellular linings i ka hana kila, nā kiln rotary i ka hana ʻana i ke kaʻa, a me nā pahū petrochemical.
4. Nā Hana Hana Hana a me nā ʻano holomua o ka wā e hiki mai ana
4.1 Nā ʻoihana hoʻopunipuni a me nā mea hoʻohana hoʻohana
He mea koʻikoʻi ka calcium aluminate concrete i nā mākeke kahi i hāʻule pōkole ai ke koʻikoʻi kuʻuna ma muli o ka hōʻike pololei ʻana i ka wela a i ʻole kemika..
Ma na makeke kila a me ka hookumu ana, Hoʻohana ʻia ia no nā linings monolithic i nā ladles, ma na papa, a me na lua hoonau, kahi e paʻa ai i ke kāhea kila liquified a me ka uila wela.
I nā mea kanu ʻōpala, ʻO nā mea hoʻoheheʻe refractory e pili ana i ka CAC e pale i nā paia o ka paila hoʻomehana waena mai nā kinoea ʻawaʻawa a me ka lehu lele ʻino i nā wela kiʻekiʻe..
Hoʻohana ʻia ka CAC no nā manholes, nā hale pahū, a me nā paipu ʻōpala i ʻike ʻia i ka biogenic sulfuric acid, ʻoi aku ka hoʻolōʻihi ʻana i ke ola e like me ka OPC.
Hoʻohana ʻia ia i nā ʻōnaehana hoʻoponopono wikiwiki no nā alaloa, alahaka, a me nā ala mokulele, kahi e hiki ai i kona ʻano hoʻonohonoho wikiwiki ke wehe hou i ka lā hoʻokahi i ka hoʻokele pūnaewele.
4.2 ʻO ka hoʻomau a me nā ʻano hoʻonohonoho kiʻekiʻe
Me ka nānā ʻole i kāna mau pono hana, ʻO ka hana ʻana o ka calcium aluminate concrete he ikaika nui a he ʻoi aku ka nui o ka carbon footprint ma mua o OPC ma muli o ka clinkering kiʻekiʻe..
Ke hoʻomau nei ka noiʻi noiʻi ʻana i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka hopena o ke kaiapuni ma o ka hoʻololi ʻana i kahi ʻāpana me nā spin-off pāʻoihana, e like me ka lepo alumini māmā a i ʻole slag, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana kiln.
Nā mea hou e hoʻokomo ana i nā nanomaterials, e like me nano-alumina a i ʻole carbon nanotubes, manaʻo e hoʻonui i ka ikaika mua, hōʻemi i ka hoʻololi-pili deterioration, a hoʻonui i nā palena wela o ka hopena.
Kahi mea hou aʻe, ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ultra-low-cement refractory castables (Nā ULCC) hoʻomaikaʻi i ka mānoanoa, hoʻoikaika kino, a me ka lōʻihi ma o ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka nui o ka matrix reactive me ka hoʻohana maikaʻi ʻana i ka interlock i hōʻiliʻili ʻia.
E like me ke koi ʻana o nā kaʻina hana pāʻoihana ma mua o nā huahana paʻa loa, Ke hoʻomau nei ka holomua o ka calcium aluminate ma ke ʻano he kumu o ka hana kiʻekiʻe, hana paʻa i kekahi o nā hoʻonohonoho paʻakikī.
I ka recap, ʻO ka calcium aluminate concrete e hui pū i ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki, kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe, a me ke kūʻokoʻa kemika, e hana ana ia mea he mea pono no ke kaʻa e pili ana i nā kūlana wela a me ka corrosive.
ʻO kāna kemika hydration kūikawā a me ka holomua microstructural pono e mālama pono a me ke ʻano, eia nae ke hoohana pono ia, Hāʻawi ia i ka paʻa paʻa ʻole a me ka palekana i nā noi kalepa ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.
5. Mea hoolaha
ʻO Cabr-Concrete kahi mea hoʻolako ma lalo o TRUNNANO o Calcium Aluminate Cement me ka ʻoi aku 12 mau makahiki o ka ʻike i ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu kūkulu nano a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka nanotechnology. ʻAe ia i ka uku ma o Kāleka Kāleka, T/T, West Union a me Paypal. E hoʻouna ʻo TRUNNANO i nā waiwai i nā mea kūʻai aku ma waho ma o FedEx, DHL, ma ka lewa, a ma ke kai paha. Inā ʻoe e ʻimi nei alumina sima, eʻoluʻolu e leka uila iā mākou a hoʻouna i kahi nīnau. (
Nā huaʻōlelo: alumina calcium,alumina calcium,alumina sima
ʻO nā ʻatikala a me nā kiʻi a pau mai ka Pūnaewele. Inā loaʻa kekahi pilikia kope, e ʻoluʻolu e kelepona mai iā mākou i ka manawa e holoi ai.
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