1. Hoʻokumu Kemika a me ka Mechanism Molecular
1.1 Synthesis and Molecular Architecture
(Naphthalene Sulfonate Superplasticizer)
Naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensate (NSF), ʻike nui ʻia ʻo ka naphthalene sulfonate superplasticizer, he mea hoʻohui hoʻohaʻahaʻa wai synthetic i hoʻohana nui ʻia i loko o ke koneki hana kiʻekiʻe e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka kahe ʻana me ka ʻole o ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana i ka pono o ke kūkulu ʻana..
Hana ʻia ia ma o ke kaʻina hana kemika he nui e pili ana i ka sulfonation o ka naphthalene me ka sulfuric acid i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e hana i ka naphthalene sulfonic acid., a ukali ʻia e ka formaldehyde condensation ma lalo o ka pae wela a me nā pilikia pH e hana i kahi polymer me nā ʻāpana ʻala hou i hoʻopili ʻia e nā alahaka methylene..
Loaʻa ka ʻāpana hua i ka iwi kuamoʻo hydrophobic naphthalene a me ka nui o ka hydrophilic sulfonate (-NO ELUA ⁻) nā hui, ka hana ʻana i kahi ʻano polyelectrolyte e like me ka pahu e hiki ai ke kamaʻilio ikaika me nā ʻāpana sima ma nā wahi wai..
This amphiphilic style is main to its dispersing function, allowing the polymer to adsorb onto the surface area of concrete hydrates and present electrostatic repulsion in between fragments.
The degree of sulfonation and polymerization can be changed throughout synthesis to customize the molecular weight and fee density, straight affecting diffusion effectiveness and compatibility with different concrete types.
1.2 Diffusion System in Cementitious Systems
When contributed to fresh concrete, NSF features largely through electrostatic repulsion, a system unique from steric obstacle employed by newer polycarboxylate-based superplasticizers.
Upon blending, the hydrophobic naphthalene rings adsorb onto the favorably charged sites of tricalcium silicate (C FOUR S) and other concrete stages, ʻoiai nā pūʻulu sulfonate i hoʻopiʻi ʻia e hoʻolōʻihi i ka koho pore, ka hana ʻana i kahi ʻāpana ʻāina paʻa ʻino.
Hoʻopuka kēia i kahi papa ʻelua uila a puni kēlā me kēia bit concrete, e hoʻokuke ana kekahi i kekahi a me ke kūʻē ʻana i ke ʻano kūlohelohe o nā ʻāpana maikaʻi e lele ma muli o nā kaomi van der Waals..
No laila, hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka wai i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o nā flocs, hoʻonui i ka wai o ka hui ʻana a hiki ke hoʻemi nui i ka wai– maʻamau 15– 25%– ʻoiai e mālama ana i ka hana.
ʻO kēia ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka diffusion ka hopena i kahi microstructure homogeneous, hōʻemi porosity, a hoʻonui i ka ulu ʻana o ka ikaika mechanical i ka wā.
Eia naʻe, emi ka pono o ka NSF me ka hui lōʻihi a wela paha ma muli o ka desorption a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana, he palena e hoʻopili ai i kāna hoʻohana ʻana i ka halihali lōʻihi a i ʻole ka wela wela.
( Naphthalene Sulfonate Superplasticizer)
2. Nā ʻano hana a me nā pono o ka hoʻolālā
2.1 Hoʻonui i ka hana a me ke kahe
ʻO kekahi o nā pōmaikaʻi wikiwiki loa o ka naphthalene sulfonate superplasticizer ʻo ia ka hiki ke hoʻoikaika nui i ka hāʻule ʻana o ke koneki., hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a maʻalahi loa ke kau ʻana, pamu, a hoʻohui, ʻoi aku ma nā hale i hoʻoikaika nui ʻia.
Hāʻawi kēia hana hoʻoikaika i ke kūkulu ʻana a me ke kūkulu ʻana i nā ʻano hale paʻakikī a hōʻemi i ka koi no ka haʻalulu mechanical, ka emi ʻana o nā kumukūʻai hana a me ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana o ka honeycombing a i ʻole nā puka.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka NSF i ka hana ʻana i ka lāʻau paʻa ponoʻī (SCC) ke hoʻohana ʻia me ka hui pū ʻana me nā ʻelele hoʻololi viscosity a me nā mea hoʻohui ʻē aʻe, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka piha piha ʻana o ka poʻi a me ka pulupulu me ka ʻole o ka pā.
ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka wai e pili ana i ka dose, ʻokoʻa maʻamau mai 0.5% i 2.0% ma ke kaumaha o ke koki, ma waho aʻe o ka emi ʻana o ka hoʻi ʻana a i ʻole ka lohi ʻana paha.
ʻAʻole like me kekahi mau plasticizers maoli, ʻAʻole hoʻokomo ʻo NSF i ka nui o ka ea entrainment, ka pale ʻana i ka paʻakikī a me ka paʻakikī o ka huahana hope.
2.2 Hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ʻoʻoleʻa a me ka lōʻihi
Ma ka hana ana e hiki ai ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka wai-i-cement (w/c) nā ʻāpana, He kuleana koʻikoʻi ka NSF i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hoʻoikaika kino a me ka lōʻihi o ka compressive a me ka flexural stamina o ke koki..
ʻO ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa w/c e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka porosity capillary, ke kumu o ka oi, liʻiliʻi absorptive matrix e kūʻē i ke komo ʻana o nā chlorides, sulfates, a me ka pulu– ʻO nā mea nui i ka pale ʻana i ka hoʻoikaika kino a me ka hoʻouka ʻana i ka sulfate.
Hoʻonui kēia impermeability i ke ola lawelawe ma nā wahi ʻino e like me nā hale kai, alahaka, a me nā keʻena mālama wai ʻino.
Kahi mea hou aʻe, ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe like ʻana o nā ʻāpana koneki e hoʻonui i ka wai piha, ka wikiwiki i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ikaika a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā hoʻoweliweli hoʻoweliweli.
Ua hōʻike maoli ʻia nā noiʻi e hiki ke hoʻokō i ka 20 mau mea me ka NSF– 40% kiʻekiʻe compressive ikaika ma 28 nā lā i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka mālama ʻana i nā hui, ke hilinaʻi nei i ke ʻano hui ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā pilikia.
3. Hoʻohālikelike a me nā kumu noi e noʻonoʻo ai
3.1 Kūkākūkā me nā mea palaki a me nā mea kōkua
Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ka hana o ka naphthalene sulfonate superplasticizer ma muli o ka make-up o ka sima., ʻoi aku ka C TWO A (tricalcium aluminate) mea a me nā degere alkali.
Loaʻa ka manaʻo o nā ʻeke me ka C SIX A kiʻekiʻe e adsorb hou aku i ka NSF ma muli o ka ikaika o nā pilina electrostatic., e koi ana i nā hana ʻoi aʻe e hoʻokō i ka wai i makemake ʻia.
Pela no, ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea sima hou (Nā SCM) e like me ka lehu lele, pāpaʻa, a i ʻole silica fume hoʻopili i nā kinetics adsorption a me nā ʻano rheological; ʻo kahi laʻana, hiki i ka lehu lele ke hoʻopau no nā wahi adsorption, ke hoʻololi nei i ka dose kūpono.
Hoʻohui i ka NSF me nā mea hoʻohui ʻē aʻe e like me nā retarder, nā mea hoʻokē, a i ʻole nā mea hoʻoheheʻe ea e pono ke nānā pono i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana e pale aku i nā pilina maikaʻi ʻole e like me ka nalo wikiwiki ʻana a i ʻole ka hōʻiliʻili uila..
Kaʻina hoʻopaʻa ʻana– inā paha i hoʻohui ʻia ka NSF i ka wā ma mua, a puni, a ma hope o ka hui ʻana– pili pū kekahi i ka hana hoʻopuehu a pono e hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā kaʻina hana nui.
3.2 Kaiapuni a me ka lawelawe ʻana
Loaʻa ka NSF ma nā ʻano wai a me ka pauka, me nā ʻano wai wai me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka dosing maʻalahi a me ka wikiwiki wikiwiki i ka hui ʻana i ka wai.
ʻOiai paʻa mau ma lalo o nā pilikia mālama mālama maʻamau, hiki i ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana i nā mahana maloʻo ke kumu o ka ua, a hiki i ka mehana kiʻekiʻe ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā kaulahao polymer me ka manawa.
Mai ka ʻike kaiapuni, Noʻonoʻo ʻia ka NSF i ka lāʻau ʻawaʻawa haʻahaʻa a me ka non-corrosive, ʻoiai pono e hahai ʻia nā ʻenehana lawelawe pono no ka pale ʻana i ka inhalation o ka pauda a i ʻole ka ʻili ʻili.
ʻO kāna hana ʻana me nā huahana petrochemical a me formaldehyde, ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā hopohopo hoʻomau i alakaʻi i ka noiʻi noiʻi i nā koho bio-based a me nā papa synthesis ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
4. Nā noi hana ʻenehana a me ka nānā ʻana i ka wā e hiki mai ana
4.1 E hoʻohana ma Precast, Mākaukau-Mix, a me ka paʻa kiʻekiʻe
Hoʻohana maikaʻi ʻia ʻo Naphthalene sulfonate superplasticizer i ka hana ʻana i ka ʻuala, kahi mana pololei i ka manawa hoʻonohonoho, hoʻopau ʻāina, a he mea koʻikoʻi ka pololei dimensional.
I loko o ka pahu kuʻi mākaukau, hiki iā ia ke kaʻa lōʻihi me ka haʻalele ʻole i ka hana ma ka hōʻea ʻana i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā pūnaewele.
He mea koʻikoʻi nō hoʻi ia i loko o ke koʻo ikaika kiʻekiʻe (HSC) a me ka ʻuala kiʻekiʻe (UHPC), kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa w/c lākiō e hoʻokō i ka ikaika compressive i oi aku 100 MPa.
ʻO nā ʻāpana tunnel, hale kiʻekiʻe, a me nā mea ʻenehana prestressed e pōmaikaʻi mai ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka lōʻihi a me ka hana hoʻolālā i hāʻawi ʻia e NSF-modified blends.
4.2 ʻO nā ʻano a me nā pilikia i loko o ka ʻenehana Admixture Modern
ʻOiai ke ʻano o ka polycarboxylate ether ʻoi aʻe (PCE) nā superplasticizers me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ke kaumaha kiʻekiʻe a me nā koi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, Hoʻohana maʻamau ʻia ka NSF ma muli o ka maikaʻi o ke kumukūʻai a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka pono.
Hoʻomau ka noiʻi noiʻi ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana crossbreed e hoʻopili ana i ka NSF me nā PCE a i ʻole nā nanomaterials e hoʻonui i ka rheology a me ka ulu ikaika..
Nā hana e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka biodegradability, hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka formaldehyde haʻahaʻa i ka hana ʻana, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā cements haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e hōʻike ana i ka neʻe ʻana o ka mākeke i nā mea hana mau loa.
I ka hopena, ʻO ka naphthalene sulfonate superplasticizer he pōhaku kihi o ka ʻenehana hou i ka ʻenekinia paʻa o kēia wā, ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka manawa ma waena o nā ʻenehana maʻamau a me ka maikaʻi o ka huahana holomua.
Ke hoʻomau nei kona hiki ke hoʻololi i ka ʻuala i loko o kahi composite kūpono loa akā kūpaʻa e kākoʻo i ka holomua o ka honua, even as next-generation admixtures progress.
5. Mea hoolaha
ʻO Cabr-Concrete ka mea hoʻolako i ka Concrete Admixture me ka ʻoi aku 12 mau makahiki o ka ʻike i ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu kūkulu nano a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka nanotechnology. ʻAe ia i ka uku ma o Kāleka Kāleka, T/T, West Union a me Paypal. E hoʻouna ʻo TRUNNANO i nā waiwai i nā mea kūʻai aku ma waho ma o FedEx, DHL, ma ka lewa, a ma ke kai paha. Inā ʻoe e ʻimi nei i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe Concrete Admixture, eʻoluʻolu e leka uila iā mākou a hoʻouna i kahi nīnau.
Nā huaʻōlelo: sodium naphthalene,polycarboxylate ether, Naphthalene Sulfonate Superplasticizer
ʻO nā ʻatikala a me nā kiʻi a pau mai ka Pūnaewele. Inā loaʻa kekahi pilikia kope, e ʻoluʻolu e kelepona mai iā mākou i ka manawa e holoi ai.
E nīnau iā mākou