1. Ka Molecular Framework a me ke Kino
1.1 Hoʻohui Kimia a me ka Polymer Architecture
(PVA pulupulu)
ʻO ka waiʻona polyvinyl (PVA) ʻO ka fiber kahi polymer synthetic i hoʻokumu ʻia mai ka hydrolysis o polyvinyl acetate, e alakaʻi ana i kahi kaulahao pololei i haku ʻia me ke kope kope ʻana–(CH ₂– CHOH)– nā ʻāpana me nā pae like ʻole o ka hydroxylation.
ʻAʻole like me ka hapa nui o nā fiber synthetic i hana ʻia e ka polymerization pololei, Hana ʻia ka PVA ma o ka alcohollysis, kahi i polymerized mua ʻia nā monomers acetate plastic a ma hope o ia hydrolyzed ma lalo o nā pilikia acidic a alkaline paha e hoʻololi i nā hui acetate me ka hydroxyl (– OH) nā mea hiki.
Ka pae o ka hydrolysis– ʻokoʻa mai 87% i ka 99%– pili nui i ka solubility, crystallinity, a me ka pilina hydrogen intermolecular, no laila ke kuhikuhi nei i ka hana mechanical a me ka wela o ka fiber.
Hōʻike ka PVA hydrolyzed piha i ka crystallinity kiʻekiʻe ma muli o ka paʻa hydrogen nui ma waena o nā kaulahao kokoke, ʻo ka hopena i ka paʻakikī tensile premium a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka wai i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻano hydrolyzed hapa.
Hāʻawi kēia ʻano molecular tunable i ka hoʻolālā pololei ʻana o nā fibers PVA e hoʻokō i nā koi noi kikoʻī, mai nā kōkua manawa hoʻoheheʻe wai a hiki i nā kākoʻo kūkulu hale lōʻihi.
1.2 Nā hiʻohiʻona Mechanical a me Thermal
Kaulana ʻia nā fiber PVA no ko lākou ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke oi aku 1000 MPa i loko o nā ʻano ʻokoʻa ʻenehana, e like me kekahi o nā fila aramid ʻoiai e mālama ana i ka hana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.
ʻO kā lākou modulus o nā ʻano elasticity ma waena 3 a 10 Awelika helu papa, ka hāʻawi ʻana i kahi kaulike maikaʻi o ka rigidity a me ka hiki ke kūpono no ka textile a me ka hoʻohana ʻana.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona ʻokoʻa ko lākou hydrophilicity kupaianaha; Hiki i nā pulu PVA ke lawe i ka nui o 30– 40% o ko lakou kaumaha iloko o ka wai me ka hemo ole, ma muli o ke degere o ka hydrolysis a me ka crystallinity.
Hiki i kēia hale noho a hale kūʻai paha ke hiki ke hoʻomaloʻo wikiwiki a me ka hanu, e hana maikaʻi iā lākou no nā lole lapaʻau a me nā huahana maʻemaʻe.
ʻO ka wela wela, Hōʻike nā pulu PVA i ke kūpaʻa nui e like me 200 ° C ma kahi maloʻo, ʻoiai ka lōʻihi o ka ʻike ʻana i ka mehana e hoʻohua ai i ka dehydration a me ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana ma muli o ka hōʻino ʻana o ke kaulahao.
ʻAʻole lākou e hoʻoheheʻe akā palaho i nā pae wela kiʻekiʻe, ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka wai a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā kāʻei conjugated, ka mea e kaohi ana i ko lakou hoohana ana i na lewa wela ke ole ke hoololi kemika.
( PVA pulupulu)
2. Nā Kaʻina Hana Hana a me ka Scalability ʻOihana
2.1 Nā ʻenehana milo a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma hope
ʻO ka ʻenehana nui no ka hana ʻana i nā fibers PVA ʻo ka wili ʻana, kahi i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ai kahi lawelawe wai wai o PVA me nā spinnerets i loko o kahi lumi ʻauʻau coagulating– maʻamau me ka waiʻona, ʻaʻole nā paʻakai maoli, aiʻole ka waikawa– e hoʻoikaika i nā filament paʻa.
Hoʻoponopono ke kaʻina hana coagulation i ka morphology fiber, anawaena, a me ka hoonoho ana, me nā lākiō huki a puni e pili ana i ke kau molekala a me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe.
Ma hope o ka coagulation, Hana nā fibers i nā pae kiʻi he nui i ka wai wela a i ʻole ka mahu nui e hoʻoikaika i ka crystallinity a me ke kūlana, ka hoʻomaikaʻi nui ʻana i nā hale noho a i ʻole nā mea kūʻai aku ma o ka crystallization i hoʻoulu ʻia.
ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau ma hope o ka milo ʻana e like me ka acetalization, paʻakikī borate, a i ʻole ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa mehana ma lalo o ka ʻuʻuku e hoʻololi hou i ka pono.
I laʻana, ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau me ka formaldehyde e hoʻopuka i nā fibers polyvinyl acetal (e.g., vinylon), hoʻonui i ka pale wai me ka mālama ʻana i ka ikaika.
Hoʻokumu ʻo Borate crosslinking i ka maʻalahi e hoʻoponopono i nā pūnaewele kōkua i nā lole akamai a me nā huahana ho'ōla ponoʻī.
2.2 Fiber Morphology a me nā hoʻololi hana
Hiki ke hana ʻia nā fiber PVA i nā ʻano kino like ʻole, me nā monofilaments, nā kaula multifilament, nā lālā koʻikoʻi pōkole, a me nā nanofibers i hana ʻia e ka electrospinning.
Nā moena PVA Nanofibrous, me nā anawaena ma kahi o 50– 500 nm, hāʻawi incredibly high surface area-to-volume ratios, e hoʻolilo iā lākou i mau moho hoʻomaʻemaʻe, lawe lāʻau, a me nā pūnaewele hoʻolālā scaffolds.
ʻO nā ʻenehana hoʻololi i ka ʻili e like me ka plasma therapy, kālai ʻana i ka copolymerization, a i ʻole e hoʻopau me nā nanoparticles e hiki ai i nā mea hiki ke hana like me ka hana antimicrobial, UV pale, a i ʻole ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā matrices composite.
Hoʻonui kēia mau hoʻololi i ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā fibers PVA ma mua o ka hoʻohana maʻamau i loko o nā ʻenehana biomedical a me ka ecological hou..
3. Nā hiʻohiʻona pono a me nā ʻano hana nui
3.1 Biocompatibility a me Biodegradability
ʻO kekahi o nā pono koʻikoʻi o nā fibers PVA ʻo kā lākou biocompatibility, ka ʻae ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana me ka pilikia ʻole i ka launa pū ʻana me nā ʻiʻo kanaka a me nā wai.
Hoʻohana nui ʻia lākou i nā ʻokiʻoki, ʻaʻahu ʻeha, a me nā ʻāpana kino i hana ʻia e ke kanaka ma muli o kā lākou mau mea hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻole a me ka pane ʻana o ka inflammatory marginal.
ʻOiai ʻaʻole kūlohelohe ʻo PVA i ka hahau microbial, hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia i ka biodegradable me ka copolymerization me nā ʻōnaehana biodegradable a i ʻole ka mālama enzymatic e hoʻohana ana i nā hua bacteria e like me Pseudomonas a me nā ʻano Bacillus e hana ana i nā enzymes hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka PVA..
ʻO kēia ʻano ʻelua– hoʻomau ma lalo o nā pilikia maʻamau akā hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ma lalo o nā lewa olaola i hoʻoponopono ʻia– hana ʻo PVA i kūpono no nā implants biomedical no ka manawa pōkole a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
3.2 Solubility a me nā hana hoʻoulu-pane
ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe wai o nā fibers PVA kahi hiʻohiʻona kūʻokoʻa i hoʻohana ʻia i nā noi like ʻole, mai nā kākoʻo lole no ka manawa pōkole a hiki i nā ʻōnaehana hoʻokuʻu ʻia.
Ma ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana i ka degere o ka hydrolysis a me ka crystallinity, Hiki i nā mea hoʻolako ke hoʻonohonoho i nā pae wela hoʻoheheʻe mai ka lumi wela a i luna 90 ° C, hiki i ka hana hoʻoulu-pane i nā mea akamai.
ʻo kahi laʻana, Hoʻohana ʻia nā kaula PVA hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai i ka wili a me ka ulana ʻana ma ke ʻano he kākoʻo mōhai e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma hope o ka hana ʻana., me ka waiho ʻana i nā papa hana textile elaborate.
Ma ka mahiai, Hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā huaʻai i uhi ʻia e ka PVA a i ʻole nā mea hoʻomomona ma ka hydration, hoʻonui i ka pono a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka wai.
I ka paʻi 3D, Hana ʻo PVA ma ke ʻano he huahana kōkua hoʻoheheʻe no nā geometries paʻakikī, e hoʻokahe maʻalahi i loko o ka wai me ka ʻole e hōʻino i ke kahua kumu.
4. Nā noi ma nā ʻoihana a me nā palena e kū mai ana
4.1 Ka lole, Lapaau, a me ka hoohana kaiapuni
Hoʻohana maikaʻi ʻia nā fibers PVA i ka ʻoihana textile no ka hana ʻana i nā pūnaewele lawaiʻa ikaika kiʻekiʻe., nā kaula ʻoihana, a me nā lole i hoʻohui ʻia e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka lōʻihi o ka ola a me ka hoʻokele wai.
I ka lāʻau lapaʻau, Hoʻokumu lākou i nā lole hydrogel e mālama ai i kahi wahi ʻeha ʻeha, hoʻolaha hoʻōla, a e hoemi i ka pala.
ʻO ko lākou hiki ke hana i ka maopopo, Hiki i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni maʻalahi ke kūpono iā lākou no ka hoʻopili ʻana me nā lens, nā wahi lāʻau lapaʻau, a me nā stents bioresorbable.
Ma ke kaiaola, Ke hoʻokumu ʻia nei nā fibers e pili ana i ka PVA ma ke ʻano he koho i nā microplastics i nā mea holoi a me nā mea hoʻonaninani, kahi e hoʻokahe loa ai lākou a pale i ka pollution lōʻihi.
Ua hoʻopaʻa maikaʻi nā ʻāpana membrane kānana kiʻekiʻe e hoʻokomo ana i nā nanofibers PVA electrospun i nā ʻāpana maikaʻi, ʻaila droplets, a me nā maʻi ma muli o ko lākou porosity kiʻekiʻe a me ka hiki o ka ʻili.
4.2 Kākoʻo a me ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā huahana akamai
I ke kūkulu ʻana a me ke kūkulu ʻana, Hāʻawi ʻia nā pulu PVA pōkole i nā composites cementitious e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka paʻakikī tensile, kūʻē kūʻē, a e hoʻoikaika i ka paʻa i nā mea hoʻohui simentious i hana ʻia (Nā ECC) a i ʻole nā huahana hoʻopaʻa paʻa i ka sima.
Hōʻike kēia mau mea hoʻopaʻa i ka fiber i ka hana pseudo-ductile, me ka hiki ke pale aku i ka contortion nui me ka poino ole– kūpono no nā hale kū'ē i ka seismic.
I ka uila a me nā robotics palupalu, Hana nā PVA hydrogels ma ke ʻano he substrate kūpono no ka ʻike ʻana i nā ʻāpana a me nā mea hana, pane ana i ka haʻahaʻa, pH, a i ʻole nā māla uila ma o ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka pehu a me ka emi ʻana.
Ke hoʻohui ʻia me nā mea hoʻopiha conductive e like me graphene a i ʻole carbon nanotubes, Hana ʻia nā composites e pili ana i ka PVA ma ke ʻano he conductors elastic no nā mea hana hiki ke komo.
E like me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā polymers hoʻomau a me nā huahana multifunctional, Noho mau nā pulu PVA e lilo i ʻōnaehana maʻalahi e pili ana i ka hana, palekana, a me ke kuleana kaiapuni.
I ka recap, ʻO ka polyvinyl alcohol fibers e kū nei no kahi papa kūʻokoʻa o nā huahana synthetic e hui pū ana i ka hana mechanical kiʻekiʻe me ka hydrophilicity kupaianaha., biocompatibility, a hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia.
ʻO kā lākou hiki ke hoʻololi i ka biomedical, kalepa, a me nā kāʻei kapu kaiapuni i ko lākou kuleana koʻikoʻi i ka ʻepekema waiwai o ka hanauna hou a me ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻenehana hou.
5. Mea hoolaha
ʻO Cabr-Concrete kahi mea hoʻolako ma lalo o TRUNNANO o Calcium Aluminate Cement me ka ʻoi aku 12 mau makahiki o ka ʻike i ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu kūkulu nano a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka nanotechnology. ʻAe ia i ka uku ma o Kāleka Kāleka, T/T, West Union a me Paypal. E hoʻouna ʻo TRUNNANO i nā waiwai i nā mea kūʻai aku ma waho ma o FedEx, DHL, ma ka lewa, a ma ke kai paha. Inā ʻoe e ʻimi nei pva puluniu i hooikaikaia, eʻoluʻolu e leka uila iā mākou a hoʻouna i kahi nīnau.
Nā huaʻōlelo: pulupulu pva,puluniu waiʻona polyvinyl, pva kekona
ʻO nā ʻatikala a me nā kiʻi a pau mai ka Pūnaewele. Inā loaʻa kekahi pilikia kope, e ʻoluʻolu e kelepona mai iā mākou i ka manawa e holoi ai.
E nīnau iā mākou