1. Isakhelo semolekyuli kunye neMpawu yoMzimba
1.1 Ukubunjwa kweMichiza kunye nePolymer Architecture
(IFayibha yePVA)
Polyvinyl utywala (I-PVA) ifayibha yipolymer eyenziweyo evela kwi-hydrolysis ye-polyvinyl acetate, ekhokelela kwikhonkco elithe ngqo elenziwe ngokuphindaphinda–(CH ₂– CHOH)– iiyunithi ezinamaqondo ahlukeneyo e-hydroxylation.
Ngokungafaniyo neentsinga ezininzi zokwenziwa ezenziwe yi-polymerization ngqo, I-PVA iqhele ukwenziwa nge-alcoholsis, apho ii-acetate monomers zeplastiki zenziwe i-polymerized kwaye emva koko i-hydrolyzed phantsi kweengxaki ze-acidic okanye i-alkaline ukutshintsha amaqela e-acetate nge-hydroxyl (– OH) izakhono.
Inqanaba le-hydrolysis– yahluka ukusuka 87% ukuya ngaphezulu kwe 99%– ichaphazela ngokunzulu ukunyibilika, ubukhazikhazi, kunye ne-intermolecular hydrogen bonding, ngaloo ndlela iyalela imikhwa yomatshini kunye ne-thermal yefiber.
I-PVA ene-hydrolyzed ngokupheleleyo ibonisa ubukhazikhazi obuphezulu ngenxa yebhondi yehydrogen ebanzi phakathi kwamatyathanga akufutshane., okukhokelela kukuqina kweprimiyamu yokuqina kunye nokuncitshiswa kokunyibilika kwamanzi xa kuthelekiswa nenxalenye ye-hydrolyzed.
Esi simbo semolekyuli esilungelelanisiweyo sivumela uyilo oluchanekileyo lweentsinga zePVA ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zesicelo, ukusuka kuncedo lwexeshana olunyibilikayo lwamanzi ukuya kwiinkxaso zezakhiwo ezihlala ixesha elide.
1.2 Iimpawu zoomatshini kunye ne-Thermal
Iintsinga zePVA zidume ngokomelela kwazo okuphezulu, enokogqitha 1000 I-MPa kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-industrial-grade, ukuthelekisa ezinye iintsinga ze-aramid ngelixa ugcina ukuqhubekeka okungcono.
Imodyuli yabo yeendidi zokunwebeka phakathi 3 kwaye 10 Inqaku eliphakathi, ukunika ibhalansi enenzuzo yokuqina kunye nokuguquguquka ngokufanelekileyo kwi-textile kunye nezicelo ezidibeneyo.
Olona phawu lubalulekileyo lokwahlula bubumanzi babo obungaqhelekanga; Iintsinga zePVA zinokuthatha ukuya kutsho kuma-30– 40% ubunzima bazo emanzini ngaphandle kokunyibilika, kuxhomekeke kwiqondo le-hydrolysis kunye necrystallinity.
Le ndawo yokuhlala okanye yorhwebo yenza ukuba kube lula ukukhawuleza ukufuma kunye nokuphefumla, zibenza zibe zezona zifanelekileyo kulaphu zonyango kunye neemveliso zococeko.
Thermally, Iintsinga zePVA zibonisa uzinzo olukhulu kangangoko 200 ° C kwiimeko ezomileyo, nangona ukuba sesichengeni okongeziweyo kubushushu kubangela ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kunye nokutshintsha kombala ngenxa yokuwohloka kwamakhonkco.
Azinyibiliki nangona kunjalo ukubola kumaqondo obushushu aphakamileyo, ukukhulula amanzi kunye nokuphuhlisa izikhokelo ezidibeneyo, ezithintela ukusetyenziswa kwazo kwiatmospheres ezinobushushu obuphezulu ngaphandle kokuba zitshintshiwe ngekhemikhali.
( IFayibha yePVA)
2. IiNkqubo zokuVelisa kunye nokuKhawuleka koShishino
2.1 Ukuphotha okumanzi kunye noBuchule basemva koNyango
Eyona ndlela iphambili yokwenza iintsinga zePVA kukujikeleza okufumileyo, apho inkonzo yamanzi egxininisiweyo ye-PVA ikhutshwe kunye ne-spinnerets kwindawo yokuhlambela edibeneyo– ngokubanzi kuquka utywala, hayi iityuwa zendalo, okanye iasidi– ukukhawulezisa imicu eqinileyo.
Inkqubo yokudibanisa ilawula i-fiber morphology, ububanzi, kunye nokubeka, ngomlinganiselo wokutsalwa kuwo wonke ujikelezo oluchaphazela ukubekwa kwemolekyuli kunye namandla aphezulu.
Emva kwe-coagulation, iifibers zenza amanqanaba amaninzi okuzoba emanzini ashushu okanye umphunga onzima ukuqinisa ubucwebe kunye nokubeka indawo., iphucula kakhulu iipropathi zokuhlala okanye zorhwebo ngoxinzelelo lwecrystallization.
Unyango lwasemva kokujikeleza olufana ne-acetalization, i-borate complexation, okanye unyango lokufudumala phantsi koxinzelelo ngakumbi ukuguqula ukusebenza kakuhle.
Njengomzekelo, unyango nge-formaldehyde luvelisa iifiber ze-acetal ze-polyvinyl (umz., ivinyl), ukonyusa ukunganyangeki kwamanzi ngelixa ugcina amandla.
I-Borate crosslinking yenza kube lula ukulungisa uthungelwano oluluncedo kumalaphu akrelekrele kunye neemveliso zokuziphilisa..
2.2 I-Fiber Morphology kunye nokuguqulwa kokuSebenza
Iintsinga zePVA zinokwenziwa zibe ziintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba, kuquka i-monofilaments, imisonto emininzi, iintsinga ezimfutshane, kunye ne-nanofibers eziveliswa ngendlela ye-electrospinning.
Iimethi zePVA zeNanofibrous, kunye nedamitha kuluhlu lwama-50– 500 nm, zibonelela ngomlinganiselo ophezulu ngokumangalisayo wendawo ukuya kumthamo, ukwenza ukuba babe ngabaviwa abagqwesileyo bokucoca, ukuhanjiswa kweziyobisi, kunye neeseli ziyila izikafula.
Iindlela zokuguqula umphezulu njengonyango lweplasma, i-copolymerization yegrafti, okanye ukugqiba nge-nanoparticles yenza amandla alungelelanisiweyo afana nomsebenzi we-antimicrobial, Ukumelana ne-UV, okanye uncamathiselo olwandisiweyo kwiimatriki ezihlanganisiweyo.
Olu hlengahlengiso lwandisa ukusebenza kweentsinga ze-PVA ngaphaya kokusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo ukuya kuthi ga kubuchwephesha be-biomedical kunye ne-ecology yanamhlanje..
3. Iimpawu eziluncedo kunye nokuziphatha okuNinzi
3.1 I-Biocompatibility kunye ne-Biodegradability
Enye yezona zinto ziluncedo kakhulu kwiintsinga zePVA kukuhambelana kwazo ne-biocompatibility, ukuvumela ukusetyenziswa okungenangozi ekudibaneni ngokuthe ngqo nezicubu zomntu kunye nolwelo.
Basetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimithungo yotyando, iingubo zokulimala, kunye namalungu omzimba enziwe ngumntu ngenxa yezinto ezingenayo ityhefu yokuthotywa kunye nokuphendula okuvuthayo okuncinci.
Nangona i-PVA ikhuselekile ngokwendalo kugwayimbo lwe-microbial, inokubonelelwa ngokubola ngebhayoloji kunye ne-copolymerization kunye neenkqubo ezinokonakala kwi-biodegradable okanye unyango lwe-enzymatic usebenzisa iibhaktheriya ezifana ne-Pseudomonas kunye neentlobo ze-Bacillus ezivelisa i-PVA-ehlisa i-enzymes..
Le ndalo mbini– ezingisayo phantsi kweengxaki eziqhelekileyo kodwa zonakala phantsi kweatmospheri yebhayoloji elawulwayo– yenza i-PVA ilungele ukufakelwa kwe-biomedical okwethutyana kunye namayeza okupakisha imveliso eluhlaza.
3.2 I-Solubility kunye ne-Stimuli-Responsive Actions
Ukunyibilika kwamanzi kwiintsinga zePVA luphawu olulodwa olusebenzayo olusetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwiinkxaso ezilukiweyo zomzuzwana ukuya kwiinkqubo ezilawulwayo zokusungula.
Ngokulungisa iqondo le-hydrolysis kunye ne-crystallinity, ababoneleli banokwenza ngokwezifiso amanqanaba obushushu bokupheliswa ukusuka kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi ukuya phezulu 90 °C, ukwenza ukuba kube nokuziphatha okuphendulayo kwezivuseleli kwimathiriyeli ekrelekrele.
Njengokuba, Imisonto ye-PVA enyibilikayo emanzini isetyenziswa kumsebenzi wokuthunga kunye nokuluka njengenkxaso yedini enyibilikayo emva kokulungiswa., ukushiya izikhokelo zempahla ezilukiweyo.
Kwezolimo, Imbewu egqunywe nge-PVA okanye iipilisi zesichumiso zikhupha izondlo xa kufakwe amanzi, ukunyusa ukusebenza kunye nokunciphisa amanzi.
Kushicilelo lwe-3D, I-PVA isebenza njengemveliso yoncedo olunyibilikayo kwiijiyometri ezinzima, ukunyibilika ngokulula emanzini ngaphandle kokonakalisa isakhelo sokuqala.
4. Usetyenziso Kuwo wonke amaShishini kunye neMida esakhulayo
4.1 Ilaphu, Ezonyango, kunye nokuSetyenziswa kokusiNgqongileyo
Iintsinga ze-PVA zisetyenziswa ngokugqibeleleyo kushishino lwempahla olulukiweyo ukuvelisa iintambo zokuloba ezinamandla kakhulu., iintambo zamashishini, kunye namalaphu adibeneyo aphucula ixesha elide kunye nolawulo lokufuma.
Kwezamayeza, baphuhlisa izinxibo zehydrogel ezigcina indawo yenxeba elifumileyo, bhengeza ukubuyiswa, kunye nokunciphisa amabala.
Umthamo wabo wokudala izinto ezicacileyo, iimuvi eziguquguqukayo zizenza zilungele ukunxibelelana neelensi, amabala eziyobisi-eluting, kunye ne-bioresorbable stents.
Ngokwendalo, Iifiber ezisekelwe kwi-PVA zisekwe njengezinye iindlela kwi-microplastics kwi-detergents kunye ne-cosmetics, apho zinyibilika ngokupheleleyo kwaye zithintele ungcoliseko lwexesha elide.
Imigangatho yokucoca i-membrane ephezulu ebandakanya i-electrospun PVA nanofibers zirekhoda ngempumelelo iinxalenye ezilungileyo, amathontsi yeoli, kunye nosulelo ngenxa ye-porosity ephezulu kunye nesakhono somphezulu.
4.2 Inkxaso kunye neSmart Product Assimilation
Ekwakheni nasekwakheni, iintsinga ezimfutshane zePVA zenza igalelo kwimidibaniso yesamente ukuphucula ukuqina kokuqina, ukwahlula ukuchasana, kunye nefuthe lokuqina kwizixube ezenziwe ngobunjineli besamente (ECCs) okanye ukuqinisa ukuqina kweemveliso ezisekwe kwisamente.
Ezi zikhonkrithi zomelezwe ngefayibha zibonisa ukuziphatha kwepseudo-ductile, ngesakhono sokumelana nongquzulwano olukhulu ngaphandle kokusilela okulusizi– ilungele izakhiwo ezixhathisayo kwinyikima.
Kwi-electronics kunye neerobhothi ezithambileyo, Ii-hydrogels ze-PVA zisebenza njengama-substrates aguquguqukayo kwiiyunithi zokuva kunye ne-actuator, ukuphendula kumanzi, pH, okanye amasimi ombane ngokulula ukulungisa ukudumba nokunciphisa.
Xa zidityaniswe nezizalisi eziqhubayo ezifana negraphene okanye icarbon nanotubes, I-PVA-based composites isebenza njengee-elastic conductors zezixhobo ezinxitywayo.
Njengophuhliso lokufunda kwiipolymers ezizinzileyo kunye neemveliso ezisebenzayo, Iintsinga ze-PVA zihlala zisebenza ngendlela eguquguqukayo yokudibanisa inkqubo, ukhuseleko, kunye noxanduva lokusingqongileyo.
Kushwankathelo, iifayibha zotywala zepolyvinyl zimela ikhosi eyodwa yeemveliso ezenziweyo ezidibanisa ukusebenza kakuhle koomatshini kunye nehydrophilicity engaqhelekanga., biocompatibility, kunye nokunyibilika okunokutyibilika.
Ukuguquguquka kwabo kuyo yonke i-biomedical, yorhwebo, kunye nemimandla yokusingqongileyo igxininisa indima yabo ebalulekileyo kwisayensi yezinto zesizukulwana esilandelayo kunye nokukhula kobugcisa bale mihla okuzinzileyo.
5. Umthengisi
I-Cabr-Concrete ngumboneleli phantsi kweTRUNNO yeCalcium Aluminate Cement ene-over 12 iminyaka yamava kwi-nano-building energy yogcino kunye nophuhliso lwe-nanotechnology. Iyayamkela intlawulo ngekhadi letyala, T/T, I-West Union kunye ne-Paypal. I-TRUNNO iya kuthumela iimpahla kubathengi phesheya ngokusebenzisa i-FedEx, DHL, ngomoya, okanye ngolwandle. Ukuba ukhangela ifayibha yepva eyomeleziweyo ikhonkrithi, nceda uzive ukhululekile ukuqhagamshelana nathi kwaye uthumele umbuzo.
Iithegi: pva fiber,polyvinyl utywala ifayibha, ikhonkrithi yepva
Onke amanqaku kunye nemifanekiso avela kwi-Intanethi. Ukuba kukho nayiphi na imiba ye-copyright, nceda uqhagamshelane nathi ngexesha lokucima.
Sibuze