1. I-Molecular Framework kanye Nesici Somzimba
1.1 Ukubunjwa kwamakhemikhali kanye ne-Polymer Architecture
(I-PVA Fiber)
I-Polyvinyl alcohol (I-PVA) i-fiber iyi-polymer yokwenziwa evela ku-hydrolysis ye-polyvinyl acetate, okuholela ochungechungeni oluqondile olwakhiwe ngokuphindaphinda–(CH ₂– CHOH)– amayunithi anamazinga ahlukene e-hydroxylation.
Ngokungafani nemicu eminingi yokwenziwa eyenziwe yi-polymerization eqondile, I-PVA ivame ukukhiqizwa nge-alcoalysis, lapho ama-acetate monomers epulasitiki enziwa i-polymerized futhi ngemva kwalokho afakwa ngaphansi kwe-acidic noma izinkinga ze-alkaline ukuze esikhundleni samaqembu e-acetate nge-hydroxyl (– OH) amakhono.
Izinga le-hydrolysis– ehluka ukusuka 87% ngaphezulu kwama-99%– sina kuthonya ukuncibilika, ubucwebe, kanye ne-intermolecular hydrogen bonding, ngaleyo ndlela ilawula imikhuba ye-fiber mechanical kanye ne-thermal.
I-PVA ene-hydrolyzed ngokuphelele ibonisa ubucwebe obuphakeme ngenxa yokuhlanganisa i-hydrogen phakathi kwamaketango aseduze., okuholela ekuqineni kwe-premium kanye nokuncibilika kwamanzi okuncishisiwe uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlobo ze-hydrolyzed ingxenye.
Lesi sitayela se-molecular esiguqulekayo sivumela ukuklanywa okunembile kwemicu ye-PVA ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zemininingwane yohlelo lokusebenza, kusukela ezinsizakalweni zesikhashana ezincibilikayo emanzini kuya kuzisekeli zezakhiwo ezihlala isikhathi eside.
1.2 Izici Mechanical kanye Thermal
Amafayibha e-PVA adume ngamandla awo aqinile, okungadlula 1000 I-MPa ngokuhlukahluka kwebanga lezimboni, ukufanisa lokho kweminye imicu ye-aramid ngenkathi kugcinwa ukucutshungulwa okungcono.
I-modulus yabo yezinhlobonhlobo ze-elasticity phakathi 3 futhi 10 Isilinganiso sephoyinti lebanga, ukunikeza ibhalansi enenzuzo yokuqina kanye nokuvumelana nezimo ezifanele izindwangu kanye nezicelo eziyinhlanganisela.
Isici esiyinhloko esihlukanisayo yi-hydrophilicity yabo engavamile; Imicu ye-PVA ingathatha cishe ama-30– 40% isisindo sazo emanzini ngaphandle kokuncibilika, kuye ngezinga le-hydrolysis kanye ne-crystallinity.
Le ndawo yokuhlala noma yezohwebo yenza kube lula ukuswakama ngokushesha kanye nokuphefumula, ukubenza bafaneleke kakhulu ezindwangu zezokwelapha kanye nemikhiqizo yenhlanzeko.
Ngokushisa, Amafayibha e-PVA abonisa ukuzinza okukhulu kakhulu 200 ° C ezimweni ezomile, nakuba ukuchayeka isikhathi eside emfudumeni kudala ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kanye nokushintsha kombala ngenxa yokuwohloka kweketango.
Azincibiliki kodwa zibole emazingeni okushisa aphakeme, ukukhulula amanzi kanye nokuthuthukisa izinhlaka ezihlanganisiwe, okuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kwazo ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu ngaphandle uma kushintshwe amakhemikhali.
( I-PVA Fiber)
2. Izinqubo Zokukhiqiza kanye Nokuqina Kwezimboni
2.1 Ukuphotha Okumanzi kanye Namasu Okwelapha Ngemva Kokwelashwa
Indlela eyinhloko yokwenza imicu ye-PVA ukujikeleza okumanzi, lapho isevisi ye-aqueous egxilile ye-PVA ikhishwa ngama-spinnerets endaweni yokugezela ehlangene– ngokuvamile kuhlanganise notshwala, hhayi usawoti wemvelo, noma i-asidi– ukusheshisa imicu eqinile.
Inqubo ye-coagulation ilawula i-fiber morphology, ububanzi, kanye nokubeka, ngezilinganiso zokudweba kukho konke ukuzungezisa okuthinta ukubekwa kwamangqamuzana namandla amakhulu.
Ngemuva kwe-coagulation, imicu yenza izigaba eziningi zokudweba emanzini ashisayo noma isitimu esindayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ubucwebe kanye nokuma, ukuthuthukisa kakhulu izindawo zokuhlala eziqinile noma ezentengiselwano ngokusebenzisa ikristalu elenziwa ubunzima.
Ukwelashwa kwangemva kokuphotha okufana ne-acetalization, i-borate complexation, noma ukwelashwa ngemfudumalo ngaphansi kwengcindezi kuphinde kuguqule ukusebenza kahle.
Njengesibonelo, Ukwelapha nge-formaldehyde kukhiqiza imicu ye-polyvinyl acetal (isib., i-vinylon), ukuqinisa ukumelana namanzi ngenkathi kugcinwa amandla.
I-Borate crosslinking idala ukuthi kube lula ukulungisa amanethiwekhi awusizo ezindwangu ezihlakaniphile nemikhiqizo yokuziphilisa..
2.2 I-Fiber Morphology kanye Nezinguquko Ezisebenzayo
Imicu ye-PVA ingenziwa ibe izinhlobo ezahlukene zomzimba, kuhlanganise monofilaments, imicu ye-multifilament, imicu emifushane yesisekelo, nama-nanofibers akhiqizwa ngokusebenzisa i-electrospinning.
Amacansi we-PVA we-Nanofibrous, ngama-diameters ebangeni elingama-50– 500 nm, zinikeza izilinganiso eziphakeme kakhulu zendawo nevolumu, ukubenza babe ngabafundi abahle kakhulu bokuhlanzwa, ukulethwa kwezidakamizwa, namaseli aklama izikafula.
Izindlela zokushintsha ubuso njengokwelashwa kwe-plasma, i-graft copolymerization, noma ukuqeda ngama-nanoparticles kunika amandla amakhono enziwe ngokwezifiso njengomsebenzi we-antimicrobial, Ukumelana ne-UV, noma okunamathiselwe okuthuthukisiwe kumatrices ayinhlanganisela.
Lokhu kulungiswa kunweba ukusebenza kwemicu ye-PVA ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa okuvamile kuze kufike kubuchwepheshe besimanje be-biomedical kanye ne-ecology..
3. Izimpawu Eziwusizo Nokuziphatha Okuningi
3.1 I-Biocompatibility kanye ne-Biodegradability
Enye yezinzuzo ezibaluleke kakhulu zemicu ye-PVA ukuthi i-biocompatibility yayo, okuvumela ukusetshenziswa okungenangozi lapho kuthintana ngqo nezicubu zomuntu kanye noketshezi.
Basetshenziswa kakhulu ekuthungeni okuhlinzayo, izingubo zokulimala, kanye nezitho zomzimba ezenziwe ngumuntu ngenxa yezinto zazo zokucekelwa phansi ezingenabo ubuthi kanye nokusabela kokuvuvukala okungatheni.
Nakuba i-PVA ivikelekile ngokwemvelo esitelekeni samagciwane, inganikezwa i-biodegradable ne-copolymerization enezinhlelo ezibolayo noma ukwelashwa nge-enzymatic kusetshenziswa amagciwane afana nezinhlobo ze-Pseudomonas ne-Bacillus ezikhiqiza ama-enzyme e-PVA.
Le mvelo ekabili– eqhubekayo ngaphansi kwezinkinga ezijwayelekile kodwa yonakala ngaphansi komkhathi olawulwayo wezinto eziphilayo– yenza i-PVA ifanele izimila zesikhashana ze-biomedical kanye namakhambi okupakisha omkhiqizo oluhlaza.
3.2 I-Solubility kanye Nezenzo Eziphendulayo Ezishukumisayo
Ukuncibilika kwamanzi kwezintambo ze-PVA kuyisici esiyingqayizivele esisebenzayo esisetshenziswa ezintweni ezihlukahlukene, kusukela ekusekelweni kwezindwangu zesikhashana kuya kumasistimu okuqalisa alawulwayo.
Ngokulungisa kabusha izinga le-hydrolysis kanye ne-crystallinity, abahlinzeki bangenza ngendlela oyifisayo amazinga okushisa okuncibilika ukusuka kuzinga lokushisa legumbi ukuya phezulu 90 °C, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuziphatha okusabelayo kwezisusa ezintweni ezihlakaniphile.
Ngokwesibonelo, izintambo ze-PVA ezincibilika emanzini zisetshenziswa kumsebenzi wokuthunga nokweluka njengezisekelo zomhlatshelo ezincibilika ngemva kokucubungula., ukushiya izinhlaka zendwangu eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Kwezolimo, Imbewu embozwe i-PVA noma amaphilisi kamanyolo akhulula imisoco lapho kudonswa amanzi, ukuqinisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nokwehlisa amanzi.
Ekuphrinteni kwe-3D, I-PVA isebenza njengomkhiqizo wosizo oncibilikayo wamajiyometri ayinkimbinkimbi, ukuncibilika kalula emanzini ngaphandle kokulimaza uhlaka lokuqala.
4. Izicelo Kuwo Wonke Ama-Industries kanye Ne-Emerging Frontiers
4.1 Indwangu, Ezokwelapha, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemvelo
Imicu ye-PVA isetshenziswa kahle embonini yendwangu ukukhiqiza amawebhu okudoba anamandla., izintambo zezimboni, nezindwangu ezihlanganisiwe ezithuthukisa ukuphila isikhathi eside nokuphathwa komswakama.
Kwezokwelapha, bakha izindwangu ze-hydrogel ezigcina indawo yamanxeba emanzi, khangisa ukululama, futhi unciphise izibazi.
Amandla abo okudala obala, ama-movie aguquguqukayo abenza balungele ukuxhumana namalensi, izindawo ezikhiqiza izidakamizwa, kanye nama-stents e-bioresorbable.
Ngokwemvelo, Amafayibha asekelwe ku-PVA ayasungulwa njengezinye izindlela esikhundleni se-microplastics ezintweni zokuhlanza nezimonyo, lapho encibilika khona ngokuphelele futhi avimbele ukungcola kwesikhathi eside.
Izendlalelo zokuhlunga ezithuthukisiwe ezihlanganisa ama-electrospun PVA nanofibers aqopha ngempumelelo ama-particle amahle, amaconsi amafutha, futhi ngisho nezifo ngenxa ye-porosity yazo ephezulu namandla angaphezulu.
4.2 Ukusekela kanye Nokulinganisa Komkhiqizo Ohlakaniphile
Ekwakhiweni nasekwakheni, imicu emifushane ye-PVA inikelelwa ekuhlanganiseni kukasimende ukuthuthukisa ukuqina kokuqina, ukumelana nokuhlukana, kanye nomphumela wokuqina kuzinhlanganisela zikasimende ezakhiwe ngobunjiniyela (ECCs) noma ukuqina kwemikhiqizo esekwe kusimende.
Lawa makhonkrithi aqiniswe ngefayibha akhombisa ukuziphatha kwe-pseudo-ductile, nekhono lokumelana nokungqubuzana okukhulu ngaphandle kokwehluleka okudabukisayo– ilungele izakhiwo ezimelana nokuzamazama komhlaba.
Ku-electronics kanye namarobhothi athambile, Ama-hydrogel e-PVA asebenza njengama-substrates avumelana nezimo zamayunithi ezinzwa nama-actuator, ephendula umswakama, pH, noma amasimu kagesi ngokusebenzisa kalula ukulungisa ukuvuvukala nokunciphisa.
Uma ihlanganiswe nama-conductive fillers njenge-graphene noma i-carbon nanotubes, Izinhlanganisela ezisuselwe ku-PVA zisebenza njengezikhondatha ezinwebekayo zamathuluzi agqokekayo.
Njengentuthuko yocwaningo kuma-polymers esimeme kanye nemikhiqizo esebenzayo, Amafayibha e-PVA asele ukuze abe ukusebenza kwebhuloho lesistimu ehlukahlukene, ezokuphepha, kanye nesibopho sezemvelo.
Ngokufingqa, imicu yotshwala ye-polyvinyl imelela inkambo eyingqayizivele yemikhiqizo yokwenziwa ehlanganisa ukusebenza kahle kwemishini ephezulu ne-hydrophilicity engavamile., i-biocompatibility, kanye ne-tuneable solubility.
Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kuwo wonke ama-biomedical, ezentengiso, kanye nezizinda zemvelo zigcizelela indima yazo ebalulekile kwisayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo yesizukulwane esilandelayo kanye nokukhula okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe besimanje.
5. Umsabalalisi
I-Cabr-Concrete ingumphakeli ngaphansi kwe-TRUNNO ye-Calcium Aluminate Cement ene-over 12 Iminyaka yokuhlangenwe nakho kwe-nano-building energy ukongiwa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwe-nanotechnology. Yamukela inkokhelo ngekhadi lesikweletu, T/T, I-West Union ne-Paypal. I-TRUNNO izothumela izimpahla kumakhasimende aphesheya kwezilwandle nge-FedEx, I-DHL, ngomoya, noma ngolwandle. Uma ufuna ukhonkolo oqinisiwe we-pva fiber, sicela ukhululeke ukuxhumana nathi futhi uthumele uphenyo.
Omaka: i-pva fiber,i-polyvinyl alcohol fiber, ukhonkolo we-pva
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