1. Izici Zokubalulekile Nokuklama Kwesakhiwo
1.1 Ukubunjwa kanye ne-Crystalline Izigaba ze-Alumina
( Amashubhu e-Alumina Ceramic)
I-Alumina (Al Two O TWO) amashubhu e-ceramic ngokuyinhloko enziwe nge-high-purity aluminium oxide, ngamaleveli okuhlanzeka ngokuvamile ahluka kuwo 90% ku 99.8%, kuye ngohlelo olufunayo.
Isigaba se-crystalline esiphezulu siwugqinsi ngokuphelele, amashubhu e-sintered anezinga lokushisa eliphezulu yi-α-alumina (idayimane), okubonisa uhlaka lwekristalu elingunxantathu nokuzinza okuvelele kwe-thermodynamic.
Lesi sigaba sisuka kuma-precursor hydroxides (isib., i-boehmite noma i-gibbsite) ku-α-alumina kwenzeka ngaphezulu 1100 ° C futhi kubangela ukuqina, i-microstructure ehlanganisiwe enikeza amandla okusebenza aphezulu kanye nokumelana namakhemikhali.
Izimfanelo zokuhlanzeka okukhulu (≥ 99.5%) sebenzisa ngokugcwele ukuqina, ukumelana nokugqoka, kanye nokusebenza kwe-dielectric, kuyilapho izixazululo zokuhlanzeka okuphansi zingase zifake izigaba ezengeziwe ezifana nezigaba zomngcele wezinhlamvu ze-mullite noma ezicwebezelisiwe ukwehlisa intengo noma ukukhula okushisayo kwe-dressmaker.
Ikhono lokuphatha ubukhulu bokusanhlamvu, i-porosity, kanye nokwakheka kwesiteji ngesikhathi sokuphatha kuvumela onjiniyela ukuthi benze intuthuko yamashubhu e-alumina ngezidingo ezithile eziwusizo kuzo zonke izizinda ezehlukene zezentengiselwano.
1.2 Omakhenikha, Okushisayo, kanye Nekhwalithi Yogesi
Amashubhu e-alumina e-ceramic abonisa inhlanganisela ehlukile yezinto ezibonakalayo eziwenza abe yizindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu zobunjiniyela ezidumile.
Ngokuqina kwe-Vickers okudlulayo 1500 HV, avikelekile kakhulu ekuhutsheni nasekugugulekeni, ukwedlula izinsimbi eziningi nama-polymer ezinhlelweni ezigqokwayo.
Amandla abo acindezelayo angafinyelela 2000 I-MPa, okuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwesakhiwo ngaphansi kwamathani aphezulu emishini, kuyilapho amandla e-flexural ngokuvamile aqala ukusuka 300 ku 500 I-MPa, ukuthembela ekuminyana nasekufakweni kwendawo engaphezulu.
Ngokushisa, i-alumina igcina ukuvikeleka cishe 1700 ° C kuma-ambiences oxidizing, nge-coefficient ephansi yokukhula okushisayo (~ 8 ppm/K), ingeza ukumelana nokushaqeka okushisayo okuhle kakhulu lapho kuklanywe ngokufanelekile.
Nakuba conductivity yayo ezishisayo (~ 30 W/(m · k)) inesizotha uma iqhathaniswa nezinsimbi noma i-aluminium nitride, kwanele izicelo ezimbalwa zokushisa okuphezulu lapho ukwahlukanisa ugesi nokuzinza kwezakhiwo kubekwa phambili..
Ngogesi, i-alumina iyisivikeli esivelele esinomthamo wokuphikiswa > 10 ¹⁴ Ω · cm nokuqina kwe-dielectric okuphezulu (> 15 kV/mm), okwenza kube okufanelekile kokuphakelayo kukagesi, izindlu zezinzwa, kanye ne-high-voltage insulation.
( Amashubhu e-Alumina Ceramic)
2. Izinqubo Zokukhiqiza Nokulawula Ubukhulu
2.1 Izindlela Zokwakha Nokwakha
Ukukhiqizwa kwamashubhu e-alumina ceramic kuhlanganisa izindlela zokudala eziyinkimbinkimbi ezenzelwe ukufeza ubukhulu obunembile., ukuvumelana kokuqina kodonga, kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu yendawo.
Izindlela ezijwayelekile zifaka i-extrusion, ukusunduza isostatic, futhi ukushelela kusakazeka, ngayinye ifaniswe namalungu afanayo ahlukene kanye nezidingo ezisebenza kahle.
I-extrusion isetshenziswa kabanzi isikhathi eside, amashubhu aqondile aneziphambano ezivamile, lapho unamathisela we-alumina owenziwe ngepulasitiki udingeka ngokufa futhi usikwe kube ubude ngaphambi kokumiswa nokucwiliswa.
Ukuze uthole ukunemba okuphezulu noma amashubhu anezindonga ezincane, ukusunduza okubandayo kwe-isostatic (I-CIP) isebenzisa ukucindezeleka okungaguquki kuyo yonke imiyalelo kuya emizimbeni emincane eluhlaza, ukunciphisa ukuhlanekezela kanye nokwenza ngcono ukuminyana kwe-homogeneity.
Ukusakazwa kwesilayidi, kufaka phakathi ukumiswa kokumiswa kwe-alumina ye-colloidal (shibilika) phezu kwesikhunta esakhonkolo nesikhutha, inhle kakhulu kumajiyometri ayinkimbinkimbi noma anobubanzi obukhulu anokuqina kodonga oluguquguqukayo.
Ngemva kokudala, amashubhu omiswa ngokucophelela ukuze ayeke ukuphuka, kulandelwa ukukhathala kwe-binder kanye ne-high-temperature sintering (1500– 1650 °C )ukufeza ukuminyana okuphelele nokuzinza kwe-dimensional.
2.2 Ukuqeda kanye Nokulawula Ikhwalithi
Imisebenzi ye-post-sintering efana nokugaya okungenasikhungo, ukuqhwanda, futhi ukukhanya kusetshenziselwa ukufeza ukubekezelelana okuqinile, ubuso obushelelezi buqeda, namadayamitha anembile angaphakathi nangaphandle.
Ukumelana kuqine njengo-± 0.01 mm zingenzeka ezinhlelweni ezibalulekile ekucubungulweni kwe-semiconductor noma izinsimbi ezinengqondo.
Ubulukhuni bendawo engaphezulu bungancishiswa bube ngu-Ra < 0.1 µm, decreasing bit trapping and improving compatibility with ultra-high vacuum (UHV) or cleanroom atmospheres.
Izindlela zokuhlola ezingalimazi– kuhlanganise nokuhlolwa kwe-ultrasonic, I-X-ray ye-radiography, kanye nokuhlolwa kokungena kodayi– qinisekisa ukuzinza kwesakhiwo kanye nokungabikho kokuphuka noma izikhala.
I-Dimensional metrology isebenzisa izinto zokukala ezididiyelwe (CMM) noma ukuskena nge-laser kuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nemininingwane yesakhiwo, ikakhulukazi imigijimo yokukhiqiza eqondene nawe noma enevolumu ephezulu.
3. Ukusebenza Okusebenzayo Ezimweni Ezinzima
3.1 Ukumelana Nokuwohloka Kwe-Thermal kanye Namakhemikhali
Enye yezinzuzo eziphoqelela kakhulu zamashubhu e-alumina ceramic yikhono lawo lokukwazi ukumelana nezinkinga ezishisayo namakhemikhali lapho izinsimbi nama-polymers eyeka ukusebenza..
Ahlala azinzile futhi aqinile ngokomshini enkonzweni eqhubekayo emazingeni okushisa aphezulu 1500 °C, ukubenza balungele amalayini omlilo, amashethi okuvikela ama-thermocouple, namashubhu okushisa akhazimulayo.
Ukungena kwabo ekuncibilikiseni izinsimbi (isib., i-aluminium enesisindo esincane, zinc, kanye nama-alloys angewona ayoni), usawoti owuketshezi, nama-asidi amaningi (ngaphandle kwe-hydrofluoric ne-hot phosphoric acid) ivumela ukusetshenziswa kumishini yokuphatha ye-metallurgical namakhemikhali.
Ku-oxidizing kanye nokunciphisa umkhathi, i-alumina ayilulazi noma idale ukusabela okungafuneki, ukugcina inqubo yokuhlanzeka ekukhiqizeni i-semiconductor kanye nengilazi.
Lokhu kungenzi lutho kwamakhemikhali futhi kuvimbela ukungcoliswa ezinhlelweni zokubamba uketshezi oluhlanzeke kakhulu, okuhlanganisa nalezo ezisetshenziswa ezimbonini zemithi nezokulungisa ukudla.
3.2 I-Electric Insulation kanye ne-Plasma Resistance
Kuzilungiselelo zikagesi nezeplasma, amashubhu e-alumina asebenza njengezithiyo ezivikelayo ezigcina ubuqotho besifunda ngaphansi kwamandla kagesi aphezulu kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphakeme.
Zisetshenziswa ekukhishweni okuphezulu kakhulu (HID) izibani, lapho afaka khona amagesi ane-ionized emazingeni okushisa adlulayo 1000 ° C ngenkathi imelana namandla kagesi wama-kilovolts amaningana.
Ku-plasma etching kanye nezinhlelo zokubeka, amashubhu e-alumina asebenza njengamafasitela e-dielectric noma izakhi zokujikeleza kwegesi, ukumelana ne-ion barrage kanye nokuhamba ngebhayisikili okushisayo ngaphandle kokuphuka noma ukukhipha umoya.
Ukulahlekelwa kwabo kwe-dielectric okuncishisiwe kanye nokumelana okuphezulu kwe-arc kugwema ukulandela umkhondo kagesi kanye nokungasebenzi kahle, ukwenza impilo ethile yesevisi ende ku-switchgear kanye nezingxenye zokudlulisa amandla.
Lezi zakhiwo zibalulekile ekulondolozeni ukuvikeleka kwenqubo kanye nokwethenjelwa kwamathuluzi ezinhlelweni zokukhiqiza ezisezingeni eliphezulu kanye namandla.
4. Izicelo zezimboni nezikhulayo
4.1 Izisetshenziswa Zokucubungula Ezisezingeni Eliphezulu Nezentengiso
Amashubhu e-alumina e-ceramic ayingxenye ebanzi yezinqubo zezentengiselwano ezidinga ukuqina ngaphansi kwezinkinga ezinzima.
Ekucubunguleni okushisayo, asebenza njengamashethi okuphepha ama-thermocouples kanye ne-burner kuma-kilns, izifudumezi, kanye nemishini yokwelapha imfudumalo, ukuvikela izinto ezizwelayo ezindaweni ezinokhahlo nokugqokwa kwemishini.
Ekuphatheni uketshezi, banyakazisa amakhemikhali anolaka, ama-slurries, kanye namagesi anezinga lokushisa eliphezulu ezindaweni zokuhluza i-petrochemical, desalination izitshalo, kanye nezinhlelo zokushiswa kwemfucuza.
Ukumelana kwabo nokushaqeka okushisayo kwenza imijikelezo yokushisisa ngokushesha kanye nokupholisa phansi ngaphandle kokwehluleka, inzuzo ebalulekile ezinqubweni zokuhweba ezijikelezayo.
Ekukhiqizeni ingilazi, amashubhu e-alumina asiza ukujikeleza kwengilazi e-liquified futhi asekele amathuluzi okuthuthukisa, ukumelana nokuguguleka kusuka ku-viscous, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu liyancibilika.
4.2 Ubuchwepheshe Okuthuthukile kanye Nokwenziwa Kwekusasa
Ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa kwezentengiso okujwayelekile, amashubhu e-alumina athola imisebenzi emisha kubuchwepheshe besimanje obuyinkimbinkimbi.
Ekwenziweni kwe-semiconductor, Amashubhu e-alumina ahlanzekile kakhulu asetshenziswa ekubekeni umhwamuko wamakhemikhali (I-CVD) ama-activators kanye ne-ion implantation systems, lapho ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlayiya kanye nokungcoliswa kwensimbi kufanele kwehliswe.
Kumagajethi omtholampilo, amashubhu e-alumina e-biocompatible asebenza njengezingxenye zokuvikela kumathuluzi ezokwelapha, izimila zamazinyo, namayunithi ezinzwa zokuxilonga.
Ucwaningo luhlola amashubhu e-alumina asebenzayo anezinzwa ezishumekiwe noma imikhondo elandelwayo yokuqapha kwesakhiwo esihlakaniphile kumasistimu we-aerospace kanye namandla.
Ukukhiqizwa okungeziwe (3D ukuphrinta) ye-alumina ivela njengesu lokudala i-tube geometries eyinkimbinkimbi ngamashaneli angaphakathi noma izingoma ezilinganiselwe, okuvumela abashintshi bemfudumalo besizukulwane esilandelayo nama-microreactors.
Njengoba imikhakha iphokophela ekusebenzeni okukhulu, izinqubo ezihlanzekile, nokuthembeka okuphezulu, amashubhu e-alumina e-ceramic ayaqhubeka nokuvela njengezakhi ezivumelayo ezindaweni zobuchwepheshe besimanje.
Ngokufingqa, amashubhu e-alumina ceramic amelela isigaba esivuthiwe kodwa esithuthukayo sezinto zokwakha, ukuhlanganisa ezishisayo ezivelele, okomshini, kanye nokusebenza kahle kukagesi endaweni yodwa ye-inorganic avenue.
Ukusebenziseka kwabo kuzo zonke izilungiselelo ezinzima kuqinisekisa ukubaluleka kwabo okuqhubekayo kuzo zombili izinhlelo zezentengiselwano ezisunguliwe kanye nezinhlelo ezisafufusa zesimanjemanje..
5. Umsabalalisi
I-Advanced Ceramics yasungulwa ngo-Okthoba 17, 2012, yibhizinisi lobuchwepheshe obuphezulu elizinikele ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni, ukukhiqiza, ukucubungula, ukuthengisa kanye nezinsizakalo zobuchwepheshe zezinto eziphathelene ne-ceramic nemikhiqizo. Imikhiqizo yethu ihlanganisa kodwa ingagcini nje nge-Boron Carbide Ceramic Products, I-Boron Nitride Ceramic Products, Imikhiqizo ye-Silicon Carbide Ceramic, Imikhiqizo ye-Silicon Nitride Ceramic, I-Zirconium Dioxide Ceramic Products, njll. Uma unentshisekelo, sicela ukhululeke ukuxhumana nathi.
Omaka: Amashubhu e-Alumina Ceramic, amashubhu we-alumina osayizi, i-alumina tube
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