Boron Carbide Ceramics: Kusuma Scientific Research, Properties, uye Kushandura Zvishandiso zveUltra-Hard Advanced Material
1. Nhanganyaya yeBoron Carbide: Nyaya Yakanyanyisa
Boron carbide (B ₄ C) inomira sechimwe chezvinhu zvinoshamisa zvekugadzira zvinozivikanwa kune zvigadzirwa zvemazuva ano tsvakiridzo yesainzi, inosiyaniswa nekuiswa kwayo pakati pezvinhu zvakaoma zvikuru paNyika, yakapfuura chete nedhaimondi uye cubic boron nitride.
(Boron Carbide Ceramic)
Yekutanga synthesized muzana remakore rechi19, boron carbide yakanyatso kushanduka kubva murabhoritari yekuda kuziva ichipinda chinhu chakakosha mune yepamusoro-inoshanda dhizaini masisitimu., kudzivirira hutsva, uye kushandisa kwenyukireya.
Kusanganiswa kwayo kwakakosha kwekusimba kwakanyanya, kuderedzwa density, high neutron absorption cross-section, uye kugadzikana kwakasarudzika kwemakemikari kunoita kuti ive yakakosha munzvimbo umo zvakajairwa zvinhu zvinodonha.
Ichi chinyorwa chinopa kuongororwa kwakadzama asi kunowanikwa kwe boron carbide ceramics, kunyura muchimiro chayo cheatomu, synthesis maitiro, zvemichina uye zvemuviri zvekugara kana zvekutengesa zvivakwa, uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvepamberi zvikumbiro zvinokwidziridza hunhu hwayo hunoshamisa.
Chinangwa ndechekubatanidza nzvimbo iri pakati pekunzwisisa kwekiriniki uye kushandiswa kunoshanda, kupa vaverengi zvakadzama, yakarongeka kunzwisisa mukati chaizvo kuti iyi inoshamisa sei zvinhu zveceramic zviri kuumba tekinoroji yemazuva ano.
2. Atomic Structure uye Basic Chemistry
2.1 Crystal Latticework uye Bonding Hunhu
Boron carbide inopenya mu rhombohedral framework (nzvimbo chikwata R3m) ine chisero chakaoma chemudziyo chinogadzirisa stoichiometry yakasiyana, kazhinji kubva B ₄ C kusvika B ₁₀. shanu C.
Hwaro hwekutanga hwechimiro ichi 12-atomu icosahedra inoumbwa zvakanyanya nemaatomu eboron., yakabatanidzwa nemacheni matatu-atomu akatwasuka anotambanudza crystal latticework.
Iyo icosahedra masumbu akasimba zvakanyanya semhedzisiro yekubatana kwakasimba mukati me boron network., nepo inter-icosahedral cheni– kazhinji ine C-B-C kana B-B-B marongedzero– tora basa rakakosha mukugadzira michina uye yedhijitari yekugara zvivakwa.
Ichi chakakosha chimiro chinotungamira kune chigadzirwa chine yakakwirira dhigirii covalent bonding (pamusoro 90%), iyo yakananga inotarisira kusimba kwayo kunoshamisa uye kugadzikana kwekupisa.
Kuonekwa kwekabhoni munzvimbo dzeketani kunowedzera kugadzikana kwekuvaka, asi kusawirirana kubva kune yakanaka stoichiometry kunogona kuunza zvikanganiso zvinopesvedzera mashandiro emuchina uye sinterability..
(Boron Carbide Ceramic)
2.2 Compositional Irregularity uye Flaw Chemistry
Kusiyana nemakeramiki akati wandei ane kuchengetwa kwe stoichiometry, boron carbide inoratidza yakakura homogeneity array, kubvumira mutsauko wakakura muboron-to-carbon ratio pasina kukanganisa iyo yakazara crystal framework.
Uku kuchinjika kunoita kuti zvikwanisike kune zvakagadzirirwa zvivakwa kune chaiwo maapplication, kunyangwe ichipawo zvinonetsa mukugadzirisa nekuita zvakafanana.
Zvikanganiso zvakaita sekushomeka kwekabhoni, boron kuvhurika, uye kukanganisa kweicosahedral kwakajairika uye kunogona kukanganisa kuoma, crack toughness, uye conductivity yemagetsi.
Semuyenzaniso, under-stoichiometric make-ups (boron-rich) zvinowanzoratidza kuomarara zvakanyanya asi zvichideredza kuomarara kwekutyoka, nepo carbon-rich misiyano inogona kuratidza yakagadziridzwa sinterability pakushandiswa kwekuoma.
Kunzwisisa nekugadzirisa zvikanganiso izvi chinhu chakakosha kutarisa mukutsvagisa boron carbide, zvakanangana nekunatsiridza mashandiro enhoo nenyukireya.
3. Synthesis uye Magadzirirwo Techniques
3.1 Main Manufacturing Nzira
Boron carbide poda inonyanya kugadzirwa kuburikidza nepamusoro-tembiricha carbothermal kuderedza, nzira iyo boric acid (H ₃ BO ZVITATU) kana boron oxide (B VAVIRI O ₃) inopindurwa nekabhoni zviwanikwa zvakaita seoiri coke kana marasha muchoto chemagetsi arc.
Kuita kunoenderera mberi sekuenderana:
B VAVIRI O ₃ + 7C → 2B INA C + 6CO (gasi)
Iyi nzira inoitika pane tembiricha inodarika 2000 °C, kushevedzera kupinza kwesimba kwakakosha.
Mhedzisiro inokonzeresa B FOUR C ndeyekugayiwa nekucheneswa kubvisa kabhoni inodzokororwa uye maokisidhi asina kubatwa..
Mamwe maitiro anosanganisira kuderedza magnesiothermic, laser-assisted synthesis, uye plasma arc synthesis, izvo zvinopa zvirinani kutonga pamusoro pechimedu saizi uye kuchena asi zvinowanzo kuganhurirwa kune diki-diki kana chaiyo kugadzirwa..
3.2 Matambudziko muDensification uye Sintering
Pakati pemamwe ematambudziko akanyanya mukugadzirwa kweboron carbide ceramic kuwana kuzara kwakazara nekuda kweiyo yakasimba covalent bonding uye kuderedzwa kwekuzviparadzanisa-coefficient..
Zvakajairwa zvisina kudzvanywa sintering zvinowanzokonzera porosity mwero pamusoro 10%, zvakanyanya kukanganisa mechanical stamina uye ballistic kunyatsoshanda.
Kukunda izvi, nzira dzekusimudzira densification dzinoshandiswa:
Sravana Sameeralu Serial 4th Hot Pushing (HP): Zvinosanganisira kushandiswa panguva imwe chete yekudziya (kazhinji 2000– 2200 °C )uye uniaxial pressure (20– 50 MPa) mune inert ambience, kuunza pedyo-inoretical ukobvu.
Warm Isostatic Pressing (HIP): Inoshandisa tembiricha yepamusoro uye isotropic gasi kusagadzikana (100– 200 MPa), kubvisa mukati pores uye kuwedzera mechanical kugadzikana.
Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS): Inoshandisa pulsed yakatwasuka iripo kukurumidza kupisa poda compact, kugonesa densification pamazinga ekushisa akadzika uye nguva pfupi, kuchengetedza chimiro chezviyo chakanaka.
Zvinowedzerwa zvakadai sekabhoni, silicon, kana shift simbi borides anowanzo kuratidzwa kusimudzira zviyo muganho diffusion uye boost sinterability, kunyange zvazvo dzinofanira kunyatsodzorwa kuti dzirambe dziri pachena pakusimba kunozvidza.
4. Mechanical uye Kugara Kwenyama
4.1 Kunyanya Kusimba uye Wear Resistance
Boron carbide inozivikanwa nekuomarara kwayo kweVickers, kazhinji zvakasiyana kubva 30 ku 35 Grade point average, kuchiisa pakati pezvinhu zvakaoma zvikuru zvinozivikanwa.
Uku kusimba kwakasimba kunoshandura kuita kunoshamisa kuramba kune abrasive kupfeka, kugadzira B IFOUR C yakanakisa kune maapplication akadai sejecha bhomba, kuderedza zvishandiso, uye kupfeka ndiro mumigodhi uye midziyo inofinha.
Chishandiso chekupfeka mu boron carbide chinosanganisira microfracture uye zviyo zvekudhonza-kunze zvichipesana nepurasitiki deformation, chimiro chezviumbwa zvisina kusimba.
Zvakadaro, kusimba kwayo kwakaderera (kazhinji 2.5– 3.5 MPa · m 1ST / PIRI) inoita kuti ive nyore kutyora kuparadzira pasi pesimba kurodha, inoda kungwarira dhizaini mumashandisirwo ane simba.
4.2 Low Density uye High Details Simba
Ne density ye roughly 2.52 g/cm MATATU, boron carbide iri pakati pezvakareruka zvekuvaka porcelains zviripo, kushandisa bhenefiti yakakura muhuremu-sensitive application.
Iyi low density, yakabatanidzwa nehupamhi hwekumanikidza kusimba (pamusoro 4 GPa), inotungamira kune a phenomenal details simba (simba-kune-density chikamu), yakakosha kune aerospace uye kudzivirira masisitimu uko kudzikira kwakakosha kwakakosha.
Semuyenzaniso, muzvombo zvemunhu nemotokari, B FOUR C inopa premium kuchengetedza huremu hwega hwega hwakasiyana nesimbi kana alumina, kubvumira kureruka, zvakawanda zvekuchengetedza nharembozha masisitimu.
4.3 Thermal uye Chemical Kugadzikana
Boron carbide inoratidza kugadzikana kwakanyanya kwekushisa, kuchengetedza dzimba dzayo dzemuchina zvakanyanya 1000 ° C munzvimbo inert.
Iine nzvimbo yakakwirira yekunyungudika kumativi ose 2450 ° C uye yakaderedzwa yekukura kwemafuta coefficient (~ 5.6 × 10 ⁻⁶/ K), kuwedzera kune yakakura yekupisa kutyisa kuramba.
Kemikari, inodzivirira zvakanyanya kumaasidhi (kunze kweoxidizing acids seHNO ₃) uye simbi dzakanyungudutswa, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kushandiswa mumhepo yakaoma yemakemikari uye zvidyarwa zveatomu.
Zvisinei, oxidation inova yakakura kupfuura 500 ° C mumhepo, kugadzira boric oxide uye carbon dioxide, iyo inogona kuputsa kutendeseka kwepamusoro nekufamba kwenguva.
Dziviriro dzakaturikidzana kana kudzora kwezvakatipoteredza zvinowanzodiwa mumatambudziko epamusoro-tembiricha oxidizing.
5. Chakavanzika Zvishandiso uye Technical Effect
5.1 Ballistic Security uye Shield Solutions
Boron carbide ibwe rekona mune yemazuva ano lightweight nhovo nekuda kwekusaenzana kwayo kusanganiswa kwekusimba uye kuderedzwa ukobvu..
Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mu:
Ceramic ndiro dzezvombo zvemuviri (Level III uye IV kudzivirira).
Car shield yekushandiswa kwemauto nemapurisa.
Kudzivirirwa kwendege uye helikopta.
In composite shield systems, B ₄ C mataira anowanzo kutsigirwa nefiber-yakasimbiswa mapolima (e.g., Kevlar kana UHMWPE) kunyudza yasara kinetic simba mushure mekunge ceramic layer yapwanya projectile.
Pasinei nekusimba kwayo kwepamusoro, B INA C inogona kuita “amorphization” pasi pe-high-velocity impact, chiitiko chinodzikisira kuita kwayo kurwisa njodzi dzesimba repamusoro-soro, Kukurudzira kudzokororwa kudzidza mune inoumbwa gadziriso uye mahybrid porcelains.
5.2 Nuclear Dhizaini uye Neutron Absorption
Pakati pebasa rakakosha re boron carbide rinoramba riri mukutonga kwenyukireya uye kuchengetedza uye kuchengetedza masisitimu.
Nekuda kweiyo yakakwira neutron kunyura muchinjiko-chikamu cheiyo ¹⁰ B isotopu. (3837 matura emanyuturoni anopisa), B FOUR C inoshandiswa mu:
Kudzora tsvimbo kune anomanikidzwa mvura reactors (PWRs) uye kufashaira mvura reactor (BWRs).
Neutron inodzivirira zvikamu.
Emergency mamiriro ekuvhara masisitimu.
Kugona kwayo kutora manyutroni pasina kuzvimba kwakanyanya kana kuparadzwa pasi pekuvhenekesa kunoita kuti ive chigadzirwa chinofarirwa munzvimbo dzenyukireya..
Zvakadaro, Helium gasi chizvarwa kubva ku¹⁰ B(n, a)⁷ Li reaction inogona kukonzera kumanikidza kwemukati kuvaka uye microcracking nenguva, zvinoda kuchenjerera dhizaini uye yekutevera mukushandisa kwenguva refu.
5.3 Industrial uye Wear-Resistant Components
Kupfuura kudzivirira uye misika yenyukireya, boron carbide inowana kushandiswa kwakazara mumaindasitiri maapplication achidana kunyanyisa kupfeka kuramba:
Nozzles ye rough waterjet yekucheka uye sandblasting.
Linings yemapombi uye shutoffs inobata hutsinye slurries.
Kuderedza zvishandiso zvezvigadzirwa zvisiri zveferrous.
Kusagadzikana kwekemikari uye kugadzikana kwekupisa kunobvumira kuti iite zvakavimbika mumhepo ine hutsinye yekugadzira makemikari umo maturusi esimbi anopera nekukurumidza..
6. Ramangwana Tarisiro uye Tsvagiridzo Yekudzidza Frontiers
Remangwana re boron carbide porcelains rinotsamira pakukunda zvirambidzo zvayo zvemukati– kunyanya kuderera kusimba uye oxidation kuramba– ine advanced composite maitiro uye nanostructuring.
Yazvino nhungamiro yeongororo yetsvakiridzo inosanganisira:
Kukura kweB ₄ C-SiC, B ₄ C-TiB ₂, uye B INA C-CNT (carbon nanotube) makemikari ekuwedzera simba uye kupisa conductivity.
Kushandurwa kwechiso uye kupedzisa hunyanzvi hwekusimudzira oxidation kuramba.
Additive production (3D kudhinda) yenzvimbo B ZVINA C zvikamu uchishandisa binder jetting uye SPS nzira.
Sezvinhu tsvakiridzo yesainzi inoramba ichishanduka, boron carbide yakamisikidzwa kuti itambe basa riri nani mune rinotevera-chizvarwa hunyanzvi, kubva ku hypersonic lorry zvikamu kusvika kune itsva nyukireya musanganiswa activators.
Kupedzisa, boron carbide ceramics inomiririra iyo yepamusoro yezvakagadzirwa zvinhu zvinoshanda, kubatanidza kusimba kwakanyanya, kuderedzwa ukobvu, uye yakakosha zvivakwa zvekugara zvenyukireya muchinhu chimwe chete.
Kuburikidza nekuenderera mberi kwekufambira mberi mu synthesis, kubata, uye kushandisa, izvi zvinoshamisa zvinhu zvinoramba zvichisundira miganhu yezvinokwanisika mukugadzirwa kwepamusoro-soro.
Distributor
Yepamberi Ceramics yakavambwa muna Gumiguru 17, 2012, ibhizimusi repamusoro-soro rakazvipira mukutsvagisa nekusimudzira, production, processing, kutengesa uye hunyanzvi masevhisi eceramic hama zvinhu uye zvigadzirwa. Zvigadzirwa zvedu zvinosanganisira asi zvisingagumire kuBoron Carbide Ceramic Zvigadzirwa, Boron Nitride Ceramic Zvigadzirwa, Silicon Carbide Ceramic Zvigadzirwa, Silicon Nitride Ceramic Zvigadzirwa, Zirconium Dioxide Ceramic Zvigadzirwa, etc. Kana uchifarira, ndapota inzwa wakasununguka kutibata nesu.([email protected])
Tags: Boron Carbide, Boron Ceramic, Boron Carbide Ceramic
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