Boron Carbide Ceramics: Ho Hlahisa Patlisiso ea Mahlale, Thepa, le Likopo tsa Phetoho tsa Sesebelisuoa se Phahameng ka ho Fetisisa ka thata
1. Kenyelletso ea Boron Carbide: Boitsebiso bo Feteletseng
Boron carbide (B ₄ C) e eme e le e 'ngoe ea lihlahisoa tsa maiketsetso tse makatsang tse amoheloang lihlahisoa tsa sejoale-joale lipatlisisong tsa mahlale, e arotsoe ka ho beoa ha eona har'a lisebelisoa tse thata ka ho fetisisa Lefatšeng, e feta feela taemane le cubic boron nitride.
(Ceramic ea Boron Carbide)
E entsoe ka lekhetlo la pele lekholong la bo19 la lilemo, boron carbide e hlile e bile teng ho tloha boheleheleng ba laboratori ho ea ho ntho ea bohlokoa lits'ebetsong tsa moralo o sebetsang hantle., tshireletso dipopontshwa, le lisebelisoa tsa nyutlelie.
Motsoako oa eona o khethehileng oa ho tiea ho feteletseng, boima bo fokotsehileng, ho monya ha nyutrone e phahameng, le botsitso bo ikhethang ba lik'hemik'hale bo etsa hore e be bohlokoa libakeng tseo lisebelisoa tse tloaelehileng li haellang.
Sengoliloeng sena se fana ka tlhahlobo e batsi empa e fumaneha habonolo ea lirafshoa tsa boron carbide, ho qoela ka hara sebopeho sa yona sa athomo, mekhoa ea ho kopanya, thepa ea mochini le ea 'mele ea bolulo kapa ea khoebo, le mefuta e fapaneng ea lits'ebetso tse tsoetseng pele tse phahamisang litšobotsi tsa eona tse ikhethang.
Sepheo ke ho koala sebaka se pakeng tsa kutloisiso ea kliniki le ts'ebeliso e sebetsang, ho fa babadi botebo, kutloisiso e hlophisitsoeng hantle hore na thepa ena e makatsang ea ceramic e bopa theknoloji ea sejoale-joale joang.
2. Sebopeho sa Atomic le Kemistri ea Motheo
2.1 Crystal Latticework le Litšobotsi tsa Bonding
Boron carbide e phatsima ka har'a moralo oa rhombohedral (sehlopha sa sebaka R3m) ka sele e rarahaneng ea sesebelisoa e amohelang stoichiometry e fapaneng, hangata ho tloha ho B ₄ C ho ea ho B ₁₀. HLANO C.
Motheo oa motheo oa sebopeho sena ke 12-atom icosahedra e entsoeng haholo ka liathomo tsa boron., e hokahantsoeng ke liketane tse otlolohileng tsa liathomo tse tharo tse atolosang lesela la kristale.
Icosahedra ke lihlopha tse tsitsitseng haholo ka lebaka la maqhama a matla a covalent ka har'a marang-rang a boron., ha liketane tsa inter-icosahedral– hangata e na le litlhophiso tsa C-B-C kapa B-B-B– bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho theheng thepa ea mochini le ea dijithale ea bolulo.
Mokhoa ona o khethehileng o lebisa sehlahisoa se nang le tekanyo e phahameng ea covalent bonding (fedile 90%), e otlolohileng e laolang ho tiya ha yona ho makatsang le botsitso ba mocheso.
Ponahalo ea khabone libakeng tsa ketane e matlafatsa botsitso ba meralo, leha ho le joalo ho se lumellane ho tsoa ho stoichiometry e nepahetseng ho ka hlahisa mefokolo e susumetsang ts'ebetso ea mochini le ho sebetsa hantle..
(Ceramic ea Boron Carbide)
2.2 Compositional Irregularity le Flaw Chemistry
Ho fapana le li-ceramics tse 'maloa tse hlokometsoeng ke stoichiometry, boron carbide e bonts'a mefuta e mengata ea homogeneity, ho lumella phapang e kholo ea karo-karolelano ea boron-to-carbon ntle le ho kena-kenana le moralo oa kristale kaofela.
Ho ikamahanya le maemo ho etsa hore ho khonehe bakeng sa thepa e hlophisitsoeng bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse ikhethileng, leha e boetse e fana ka liphephetso mabapi le ts'ebetso le ts'ebetso e ts'oanang.
Liphoso tse kang khaello ea khabone, menyako ea boron, 'me ho khopama ha icosahedral ho tloaelehile 'me ho ka susumetsa thata, ho touta ho thata, le conductivity ea motlakase.
Mohlala, litlolo tse entsoeng ka tlas'a stoichiometric (borone bo ruileng) e atisa ho bontša ho thatafala ho hoholo empa ho fokotsa ho thatafala ha fracture, athe mefuta e mengata ea khabone e ka bonts'a ts'ebetso e ntlafetseng ea tšebeliso ea boima ba 'mele.
Ho utloisisa le ho laola liphoso tsena ke taba ea bohlokoa lipatlisisong tse tsoetseng pele tsa boron carbide, ka ho khetheha bakeng sa ho matlafatsa ts'ebetso ea thebe le lisebelisoa tsa nyutlelie.
3. Mokhoa oa ho Kopanya le oa Ts'ebetso
3.1 Mekhoa e Meholo ea Tlhahiso
Boron carbide powder hangata e etsoa ka ho fokotsa mocheso oa mocheso o phahameng oa mocheso, mokhoa oo ho oona boric acid (H ₃ BORARO) kapa boron oxide (B BABEDI O ₃) e arajoa ka lisebelisoa tsa carbon tse kang coke ea oli kapa mashala ka sebōping sa motlakase sa arc.
Karabelo e tsoela pele joalo ka ha e lumellana le:
B BABEDI O ₃ + 7C → 2B FOUR C + 6CO (khase)
Ts'ebetso ena e etsahala maemong a mocheso ho feta 2000 °C, ho bitsa matla a bohlokoa.
B FOUR C e hlahisitsoeng ke ka mor'a hore e siloe le ho hloekisoa ho tlosa khabone le li-oxide tse sa sebetsanoang..
Mekhoa e meng e kenyelletsa phokotso ea magnesiothermic, motsoako o thusoang ke laser, le plasma arc synthesis, tse fanang ka taolo e betere holim'a boholo ba sekhechana le bohloeki leha ho le joalo hangata li lekanyelitsoe tlhahisong e nyane kapa e ikhethileng..
3.2 Mathata a ho Densification le Sintering
E 'ngoe ea liqholotso tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa tlhahisong ea boron carbide ceramic ke ho fihlela sets'oants'o se felletseng ka lebaka la tlamahano ea eona e tiileng le ho fokotseha hoa ho itšehla thajana..
Ho etsa sintering e tloaelehileng e se nang khatello hangata ho fella ka maemo a porosity ka holimo 10%, e beha kotsing haholo matla a mochini le katleho ea ballistic.
Ho hlola sena, ho sebelisoa mekhoa e tsoetseng pele ea densification:
Hot Pushing (HP): E kenyelletsa tšebeliso ea nako e le 'ngoe ea mofuthu (hangata 2000– 2200 °C )le khatello ea uniaxial (20– 50 MPa) sebakeng se sa tsitsang, e hlahisang botenya bo haufi le kgopolo.
Mofuthu oa Isostatic Pressing (HIP): E sebelisa mocheso o phahameng le khatello ea khase ea isotropic (100– 200 MPa), ho tlosa li-pores tse ka hare le ho matlafatsa botsitso ba mechine.
Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS): E sebelisa pulsed e teng ka kotloloho ho futhumatsa motsoako oa phofo ka potlako, ho etsa hore densification maemong a tlase a mocheso le linako tse khuts'oane haholo, ho boloka sebopeho se setle sa lijo-thollo.
Li-additives tse kang carbon, silicon, kapa li-borides tsa tšepe li atisa ho hlahisoa ho khothaletsa phallo ea lijo-thollo le ho matlafatsa sinterability, le hoja li lokela ho laoloa ka hloko haholo hore li lule li le thōko le ho tiea ho nyelisang.
4. Bolulo ba Mechini le 'Mele
4.1 Ho Tiea ho Ikhethang le ho Ikemela ho Hloka
Boron carbide e tumme ka bothata ba eona ba Vickers, hangata ho fapana le 30 ho 35 Karolelano ea lintlha tsa mophato, ho e beha hara disebediswa tse thata ka ho fetisisa tse tsebahalang.
Ho tiea hona ho matla ho fetoha ho hanyetsa ka mokhoa o tsotehang ho apara ka mokhoa o senyang, ho etsa hore B FOUR C e be ntle haholo bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse kang li-nozzles tsa sandblasting, lisebelisoa tsa ho fokotsa, le ho roala lipoleiti ka thepa ea morafo le e tenang.
Sesebelisoa sa ho roala ka boron carbide se kenyelletsa microfracture le ho hula lijo-thollo ho fapana le deformation ea polasetiki, tšobotsi ea li-porcelain tse senyehang.
Leha ho le joalo, ho tsitsa ha eona ho tlase (hangata 2.5– 3.5 MPa · m 1ST / MABELI) e etsa hore ho be bonolo ho senya propagation tlas'a tšusumetso loading, e hlokang moralo o hlokolosi lits'ebetsong tse matla.
4.2 Tlas'a Density le Lintlha tse Phahameng Matla
Ka density ea kaba 2.52 g/cm THARO, boron carbide ke e 'ngoe ea lisebelisoa tse bobebe ka ho fetisisa tsa meralo tse fumanehang, ho sebelisa molemo o moholo lits'ebetsong tse sa tsotelleng boima ba 'mele.
Boima bo tlase, e kenyelelitsoeng ka boima bo phahameng ba ho hatella (fedile 4 GPA), lebisa ho lintlha tse makatsang matla (tekanyo ea matla-ho-ho-tlalana), ea bohlokoa bakeng sa sepakapaka le lisebelisoa tsa ts'ireletso moo ho fokotseha ha boima ba 'mele ho leng bohlokoa.
Ka mohlala, lihlomong tsa motho le tsa koloi, B FOUR C e fana ka tšireletso ea premium boima bo bong le bo bong ha bo bapisoa le tšepe kapa alumina, ho dumella bobebe, litsamaiso tse ngata tsa polokeho ea mehala.
4.3 Thermal le Chemical Stability
Boron carbide e bonts'a botsitso bo phahameng ba mocheso, ho boloka matlo a eona a mochini haholo joalo ka 1000 ° C libakeng tse sa tsitsang.
E na le sebaka se phahameng sa ho qhibiliha ho potoloha 2450 ° C le kholo e fokotsehileng ea mocheso (~ 5.6 × 10 ⁻⁶/ K), ho eketsa kganyetso e kgolo ya mocheso.
Ka lik'hemik'hale, e itšireletsa ka ho feteletseng ho li-acids (ntle le li-acid tse oxidizing joalo ka HNO ₃) le litšepe tse qhibilihisitsoeng, ho etsa hore e be e loketseng ho sebelisoa libakeng tse matla tsa lik'hemik'hale le limela tsa matla a athomo.
Leha ho le joalo, oxidation e fetoha haholo 500 ° C moeeng, ho etsa boric oxide le carbon dioxide, e ka senyang botshepehi ba bokahodimo ha nako e ntse e tsamaya.
Likarolo tse sireletsang kapa taolo ea tikoloho hangata lia hlokahala mathateng a mocheso o phahameng oa oxidizing.
5. Likopo tsa Lekunutu le Phello ea Setegeniki
5.1 Ballistic Security le Thebe Tharollo
Boron carbide ke lejoe la sekhutlo la thebe e bobebe ea sejoale-joale ka lebaka la motsoako oa eona o ke keng oa lekanngoa oa ho tiea le botenya bo fokotsehileng..
E sebelisoa haholo ka har'a:
Lipoleiti tsa ceramic bakeng sa lihlomo tsa 'mele (Tšireletso ea Level III le IV).
Thebe ea koloi bakeng sa likopo tsa sesole le mapolesa.
Tšireletso ea lifofane le helikopta.
Litsamaisong tsa lithebe tse kopaneng, Lithaele tsa B ₄ C hangata li tšehelitsoe ke li-polymers tse matlafalitsoeng ka fiber (mohlala, Kevlar kapa UHMWPE) ho noa matla a kinetic a setseng ka mor'a hore lera la ceramic le robehe projectile.
Ho sa tsotelehe botsitso ba eona bo phahameng, B FOUR C ka etsa mosebetsi “amorphization” tlasa tshusumetso ya lebelo le phahameng, ketsahalo e lekanyetsang tshebetso ya yona kgahlanong le dikotsi tsa matla a phahameng haholo, ho khothaletsa boithuto bo iphetang ka liphetoho tse kopaneng le li-porcelain tse nyalisitsoeng.
5.2 Moralo oa Nyutlelie le ho Monya Neutron
Har'a mesebetsi ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ea boron carbide e ntse e le taolong ea li-reactor tsa nyutlelie le ts'ireletso le ts'ireletso.
Ka lebaka la ho monya ha neutron e phahameng ea ¹⁰ B isotope. (3837 meliko bakeng sa li-neutron tse chesang), B FOUR C e sebelisoa ho:
Lithupa tsa ho laola bakeng sa li-reactors tsa metsi tse hatelitsoeng (PWRs) le li-reactors tsa metsi a belang (Li-BWRs).
Likarolo tse sireletsang li-neutron.
Mekhoa ea ho koala maemo a tšohanyetso.
Bokhoni ba eona ba ho monya li-neutron ntle le ho ruruha ho hoholo kapa ts'enyeho ka tlas'a khanya e etsa hore e be sehlahisoa se ratoang libakeng tsa nyutlelie..
Leha ho le joalo, tlhahiso ea khase ea helium ho tloha ho ¹⁰ B(n, a)⁷ Li karabelo e ka baka khatello e kahare ea khatello le microcracking ka nako, ho hloka moralo o hlokolosi le ho lateloa ha lits'ebetso tsa nako e telele.
5.3 Likaroloana tsa Indasteri le tse sa Anyeheng
Ho feta ts'ireletso le limmaraka tsa nyutlelie, boron carbide e fumana ts'ebeliso e felletseng lits'ebetsong tsa indasteri e hlokang khanyetso e feteletseng ea ho apara:
Li-nozzles bakeng sa ho seha ha metsi ka likhoka le ho qhomisa lehlabathe.
Li-Linings bakeng sa lipompo le li-shutoffs tse sebetsanang le li-slurries tse thata.
Ho fokotsa lisebelisoa tsa lihlahisoa tse se nang ferrous.
Ho se sebetse ha eona ka lik'hemik'hale le botsitso ba mocheso li e lumella ho sebetsa ka mokhoa o ts'epahalang libakeng tse mabifi tsa ts'ebetso ea lik'hemik'hale moo lisebelisoa tsa tšepe li neng li tla fela ka potlako..
6. Melemo ea Bokamoso le Meeli ea Boithuto ba Lipatlisiso
Bokamoso ba porcelain ea boron carbide bo itšetlehile ka ho hlola lithibelo tsa eona tsa mantlha– haholo-holo crack sturdiness e tlase le ho hanyetsa oxidation– ka mokhoa o tsoetseng pele oa composite le nanostructuring.
Litaelo tsa lipatlisiso tsa hajoale li kenyelletsa:
Khōlo ea B ₄ C-SiC, B ₄ C-TiB ₂, le B FOUR C-CNT (carbon nanotube) metsoako ho boost matla le mogote conductivity.
Phetoho ea bokaholimo le ho phethela mekhoa e mecha ho matlafatsa khanyetso ea oxidation.
Tlhahiso e eketsehileng (3D khatiso) ea setsi sa B TSOHLE likarolo tse sebelisang jetting e kopanyang le maqheka a SPS.
Joalo ka ha lisebelisoa tsa lipatlisiso tsa mahlale li ntse li tsoela pele, boron carbide e boemong ba ho bapala ts'ebetso e betere le ho feta mekhoeng e mecha ea moloko o latelang, ho tloha ho likarolo tsa lori tsa hypersonic ho ea ho li-activators tsa motsoako oa nyutlelie.
Ho phethela, lirafshoa tsa boron carbide li emela tlhōrō ea katleho ea thepa e entsoeng, ho kopanya ho tiea ho matla, botenya bo fokotsehileng, le thepa e ikgethang ya bodulo ba nyutlelie nthong e le nngwe.
Ka tsoelo-pele e tsoelang pele ea synthesis, tshoaro, le kopo, thepa ena e hlollang e tsoela pele ho sutumelletsa meeli ea se ka khonehang ka moralo o phahameng oa ts'ebetso.
Morekisi
Advanced Ceramics e thehiloe ka Mphalane 17, 2012, ke khoebo ea theknoloji e phahameng e ikemiselitseng ho etsa lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele, tlhahiso, ho sebetsa, thekiso le lits'ebeletso tsa tekheniki tsa lisebelisoa le lihlahisoa tse amanang le ceramic. Lihlahisoa tsa rona li kenyelletsa empa ha li felle feela ho Lihlahisoa tsa Ceramic tsa Boron Carbide, Lihlahisoa tsa Ceramic tsa Boron Nitride, Silicon Carbide Lihlahisoa tsa Ceramic, Silicon Nitride Lihlahisoa tsa Ceramic, Lihlahisoa tsa Ceramic tsa Zirconium Dioxide, etc. Haeba u thahasella, ka kopo ikutloe u lokolohile ho ikopanya le rona.([email protected])
Li-tag: Boron Carbide, Boron Ceramic, Ceramic ea Boron Carbide
Lingoliloeng tsohle le litšoantšo li tsoa Marang-rang. Haeba ho na le litaba tsa copyright, ka kopo ikopanye le rona ka nako ho hlakola.
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