1. Waxyaabaha Aasaasiga ah iyo Astaamaha Dhisme-yar ee Alumina Ceramics
1.1 Halabuurka, Tayada daahirnimada, iyo Deganaanshaha Crystallographic
(Xirmooyinka dhoobada alumina)
Alumina (Al ₂ O AFAR), ama aluminium oxide, waa mid ka mid ah isticmaalka dhoobada farsamada ugu badan ee naqshadeynta warshadaha ay ugu wacan tahay isku dheelitirnaanta heerka sare ee awoodda farsamada, xasiloonida kiimikada, iyo wax-ku-oolnimada.
Marka si toos ah loogu farsameeyo xirmooyinka xirashada, ceramics alumina waxaa guud ahaan la soo saaray oo leh heerar nadiif ah oo u dhexeeya 85% ku 99.9%, oo leh nadiif sare oo u dhiganta adkeynta la xoojiyay, iska caabin, iyo hufnaanta kulaylka.
Wajiga ugu horreeya ee crystalline waa alfa-alumina, kaas oo isku duuban afar geesood oo xirxiran (HCP) qaab-dhismeed lagu qeexay isku xidhka ionic adag iyo covalent, ku darida arrinkeeda dhalaalaysa ee sarreeya (~ 2072 ° C )iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa kulaylka oo hooseeya.
Qaab-dhismeedka yar yar, aluminium porcelains ayaa ka kooban ganaax, badarka siman kuwaas oo cabbirkooda iyo wareegooda lagu habeeyey inta lagu guda jiro sintering si loo kordhiyo makaanikada guryaha ama guryaha ganacsiga.
Cabbirrada hadhuudhka waxay caadi ahaan u dhexeeyaan submicron ilaa tiro micrometers ah, oo leh miro dhuuban sida caadiga ah waxay kor u qaadaysaa adkaanta jabka iyo iska caabinta dillaaca dillaaca hoostooda xirmooyinka xoqan..
Maaddooyinka yaryar sida magnesium oxide (MgO) inta badan waxaa lagu soo bandhigaa wadarta guud si looga hortago korriinka badarka aan caadiga ahayn inta lagu jiro heerkul sare, hubinta qaab-dhismeed yar oo joogto ah iyo amniga cabbirka.
Alaabta ka soo baxday waxay muujineysaa adkeynta Vickers ee 1500– 2000 HV, oo aad uga badan tan birta adag (guud ahaan 600– 800 HV), taasoo ka dhigaysa mid si gaar ah uga difaaci karta nabaad-guurka aagga dusha sare ee goobaha xidhashada sare.
1.2 Waxqabadka makaanikada iyo kulaylka ee Xaaladaha Warshadaha
Xirmooyinka xirashada dhoobada alumina waxaa inta badan loo xushay caabbinta gaarka ah ee aan fiicnayn, naxaris leh, iyo hababka xidhashada liidata ee caanka ku ah agabka badan ee daryeelka nidaamyada.
Waxay leeyihiin xoog cadaadis sare leh (qiyaastii 3000 MPa), qallafsanaan wanaagsan (300– 500 MPa), iyo qallafsanaan aad u fiican (Hababka dhalinyarada ee ~ 380 GPA), iyaga oo u oggolaanaya in ay u istaagaan culeys farsamo oo xoog leh iyada oo aan lahayn balaastig balaastig ah.
Inkasta oo si dabiici ah u daciif ah marka loo eego birta, Isku-dheellitirkooda oo yaraada iyo adkaynta dusha sare waxay yaraynaysaa curaarta iyo hoos u dhigida qiimaha xidhashada iyadoo la raacayo amarada baaxadda leh ee la xidhiidha birta ama beddelka ku salaysan polymer-ka..
Kuleyl ahaan, alumina waxay ilaalisaa xasilloonida qaab dhismeedka sida ugu badan 1600 ° C ee jawiga oksaydhaynta, Ogolaanshaha isticmaalka jawi heerkul sare leh sida hababka quudinta, tubbada kuleyliyaha dhexe, iyo qalabka pyroprocessing.
( Xirmooyinka dhoobada alumina)
Kobaca kulaylka oo hooseeya (~ 8 × 10 ⁻⁶/ K) wuxuu ku darayaa amniga cabbirka inta lagu jiro baaskiil wadida kulaylka, yaraynta khatarta kala qaybsanaanta sababtoo ah shoogga kulaylka marka si habboon loo rakibo.
Intaa waxaa dheer, alumina waa mid koronto ahaan dahamiya oo kimikal ahaan aan u tagin asiidh badan, alkalis, iyo dareerayaasha, taas oo ka dhigaysa mid ku habboon jawiga burbursan halkaas oo biraha birta ahi ay si degdeg ah u xumaan lahaayeen.
Guryahaan la isku daray ee la dego ama ganacsiga ayaa ka dhigaya ceramics alumina mid ku habboon ilaalinta xarumaha muhiimka ah ee macdanta, koronto dhalin, warshadaynta sibidhka, iyo suuqyada warshadaynta kiimikada.
2. Hababka Wax-soo-saarka iyo Hababka Isku-dhafka Qaababka
2.1 Qaabaynta, Sintering, iyo Hab-maamuuska Xakamaynta Tayada
Wax soo saarka ee alumina xirashada dhoobada dhoobada waxaa ka mid ah isku xigxiga tillaabooyinka wax soo saarka saxda ah ee la sameeyay si loo gaaro dhumuc sare, porosity aad u yar, iyo waxqabadka farsamada ee joogtada ah.
Budada aluminiumka ceeriin waxaa lagu farsameeyaa shiidid, granulation, iyo horumarinta farsamooyinka sida riixitaanka qalalan, riixid isostatic, ama extrusion, iyadoo ku xiran joomatari la doonayo– dhoobada dhoobada, taarikada, tuubooyinka, ama waaxaha qaabaysan.
Jirka cagaarka ah ayaa markaa la miiray heerkulka u dhexeeya 1500 ° C iyo 1700 ° C hawo, kor u qaadida cufnaanta faafinta-gobolka adag iyo dhammaystirka cufnaanta xubnaha qoyska oo dhaafsiisan 95%, inta badan soo dhawaada 99% dhumucda tacliinta.
Cufnaanta buuxda waa muhiim, sida porosity soo noqnoqda u shaqeeyo sida walbahaarka iyo walaaca xooga saarayaa oo kordhiyaa daal iyo jabka hoos xaaladaha adeegga.
Hawlgallada dib-u-dhigista ka dib waxay ka koobnaan karaan shiididda dheemanka ama dhaqidda si loo gaaro caabbinta cabbir xaddidan iyo dahaarka aagga siman ee yareeya xoqidda iyo dabinnada walxaha.
Dufcad kastaa waxay martaa hubinta tayada adag, oo ka kooban X-ray diffraction (XRD) qiimaynta marxaladda, mikroskoob ee elektarooniga ah (KEE) qiimaynta qaab-dhismeed yar, iyo adkaanta iyo foorarsiga tijaabinta si loo ansixiyo waafaqsanaanta heerarka caalamiga ah sida ISO 6474 ama ASTM B407.
2.2 Dhigista Xeeladaha iyo Qodobbada Waafaqsanaanta Nidaamka ee la Tixgelinayo
Isku darka wax ku oolka leh ee alumina xirashada qalabka ganacsiga waxay u baahan tahay feejignaan taxaddar leh si loogu daro ku-darka farsamada iyo iswaafajinta kulaylka.
Hababka rakibaadda caadiga ah waxay ka kooban yihiin isku-xidhka xabagta iyadoo la adeegsanayo epoxies dhoobada ah ee xoogga badan, ku xidhid farsamaysan oo leh biraha ama barroosinnada, iyo ku-xidhka gudaha shaybaarka refractory castable.
Isku-xidhka dhejiska ayaa caadi ahaan loo istcimaalaa meel siman ama si tartiib ah u qaloocan, bixinta wareegga walaaca joogtada ah iyo qoyaanka gariirka, halka nidaamyada stud-ku-hawlgalayaa ay u oggolaanayaan beddelaad aad u fudud oo lagu doortay aagagga saamaynta sare leh.
Si loo habeeyo fidinta kulaylka kala duwan ee u dhexeeya alumina iyo biraha substratums (tusaale., birta kaarboon), meelo la farsameeyey, xabagta dabacsan, ama dabaqyada hoose ee shahaadaysan ayaa lagu dhex daray si looga hortago delamination ama jabinta inta lagu jiro kulaylka.
Horumariyayaashu waa inay sidoo kale tixgeliyaan amniga cirifka, sida dhoobada sagxadaha dhoobada ah ay u nugul yihiin inay dillaacaan geesaha bannaanka ah; xalalka waxaa ka mid ah cidhifyada geesaha, maro bir ah, ama isku dubaridka tile-ka.
Habaynta saxda ah waxay samaysaa cimri dherer gaar ah waxayna kordhisaa shaqada ilaalinta ee nidaamka dahaarka.
3. Ku dheji Nidaamyada iyo Qiimaynta Waxqabadka ee Deegaanka Adeegga
3.1 Iska caabinta abrasive, Naaxsan, iyo Saamayn Load
Alumina ceramic wear dahaarka jawiga sayid ee ay u badan yihiin 3 hababka xidhashada ugu weyn: nabar laba jirka ah, nabar saddex jirka ah, iyo xoogaa nabaad guur ah.
In laba-jidh nabar, qaniinyada adag ama dusha sare waxay si toos ah u gooyaan aagga dusha sare, dhacdo caadi ah oo ku taal chutes, hoppers, iyo wareejinta wareejinta.
Naaxinta saddexda jirka ah waxay ka kooban tahay jajabyo dabacsan oo ku dhex dahaaran dahaarka iyo wareejinta badeecada, taasoo horseedaysa in la rogrogmo oo la xoqo taasoo si tartiib tartiib ah uga takhalusta walxaha.
Xirashada abrasive waxay dhacdaa marka qaybaha xawaaraha sare ay ku dhuftaan aagga dusha sare, gaar ahaan xadhkaha gudbinta ee hawada hawada ku jirta iyo kala-duwayaasha duufaannada.
Sababtoo ah adkeysigeeda sare iyo adkeysiga dillaaca oo hooseeya, alumina ayaa ugu waxtarka badan saameynta hoose, xaalado nabarro-sare leh.
Waxay si cajiib ah uga fiican tahay macdanta siliceous, dhuxusha, dambas duuli, iyo clinker la taaban karo, halkaas oo qiimaha xidhashada lagu dhimi karo 10– 50 waqtiyo ka duwan kuwa birta khafiifka ah.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Codsiyada ku lug leh saamaynta tamarta sare ee nuqul ka mid ah, sida qolalka burburiyaha muhiimka ah, Nidaamyada isdhaafka ah ee isku dhafan alumina tiles iyo elastomeric backs ama gaashaaman bir ah ayaa inta badan loo adeegsadaa si loo qooyo shoogga loogana hortago dildilaaca.
3.2 Imtixaanka aagga, Qiimaynta Wareegga Nolosha, iyo Qiimaynta Dejinta Fashilka
Qiimaynta waxtarka leh ee dahaarka aluminiumka xidhashada waxay ku lug leedahay labadaba baadhista shaybaadhka iyo la socodka goobta.
Tijaabooyin la jaanqaadaya sida ASTM G65 baadhista xoqitaanka taayir qallalan ciid qalalan ayaa bixiya tusmooyinka xidhashada isbarbardhigga, halka qalabka nabaadguurka slurry ee la habeeyey ay ku celceliyaan xaaladaha gaarka ah ee goobta.
Goobaha ganacsiga, heerka xidhashada waxaa badanaa lagu go'aamiyaa mm/sanad ama g/kWh, oo leh qiyaaso nololeed oo ku salaysan cufnaanta hore iyo burbur la arkay.
Hababka fashilantay waxaa ka mid ah kor u kaca oogada, dilaac yar, cidhifyada, iyo duminta dhoobada dhoobada ah oo buuxa taasoo ay sabab u tahay burburinta koollada ama culeyska makaanikada.
Falanqaynta isha sida caadiga ah waxay muujisaa khaladaadka rakibaadda, doorasho tayo aan habboonayn, ama culaysyada saamaynta lama filaanka ah sida ka qaybqaatayaasha aasaasiga ah ee fashilinta degdega ah.
Qiimaynta qiimaha meertada noloshu waxay si joogto ah u muujinaysaa taas in kasta oo ay jiraan kharashyo badan oo bilaw ah, Qalabka aluminiumka ah ayaa bixiya wadarta kharashka lahaanshaha ee cajiibka ah sababtoo ah waqtiyo badan oo beddelaad ah, hoos u dhaca wakhtiga, iyo foosha oo hoosaysa.
4. Codsiyada Warshadaha iyo Horumarka Farsamada ee Mustaqbalka
4.1 Hirgelinta Qaybta Gaarka ah ee Warshadaha Culus
Xirmooyinka dhoobada dhoobada alumina waxaa la geeyaa suuqyo ganacsi oo kala duwan halkaaso xumaanta alaabtu ay soo bandhigto dhibaatooyinka shaqada iyo dhaqaalaha.
Macdanta iyo maaraynta macdanta, waxay ilaaliyaan xabagta xawilaadda, dahaarka wax-shiidka, hydrocyclones, iyo bambooyin slurry ah oo ka yimaada slurries aan fiicnayn oo ay ku jiraan quartz, hematite, iyo macdano kale oo adag oo kala duwan.
In warshadda tamarta nukliyeerka, alumina dhoobada dhoobada xariiqda dhuumaha hawada dhuxusha, Kuleyliyaha dhexe ee dambaska kuleyliyaha, and electrostatic precipitator parts revealed to fly ash erosion.
Cement producers utilize alumina liners in raw mills, kiln inlet areas, and clinker conveyors to battle the very abrasive nature of cementitious materials.
The steel market uses them in blast furnace feed systems and ladle shrouds, where resistance to both abrasion and moderate thermal tons is vital.
Also in much less conventional applications such as waste-to-energy plants and biomass handling systems, alumina porcelains provide durable security against chemically aggressive and fibrous materials.
4.2 Emerging Patterns: Compound Systems, Smart Liners, iyo Joogteynta
Current study focuses on enhancing the strength and functionality of alumina wear systems through composite design.
Alumina-zirconia (Al ₂ O ₃-ZrO ₂) xeryahooda ayaa ka faa'iidaysanaya xoojinta hagaajinta ee zirconia si loo hagaajiyo caabbinta dildilaaca, halka aluminium-titanium carbide (Al ₂ O ₃-TiC) tayada tayada ayaa sii wanaajisay waxqabadka heerkul sare ee xirashada dhaqdhaqaaqa.
Hal cusub oo dheeraad ah ayaa ku lug leh rakibida unugyada dareenka gudaha ama hoostooda dahaarka dhoobada si loola socdo horumarka xidhashada, heerkulka, iyo saamaynta soo noqnoqda– awood u yeelashada dayactirka la filayo iyo isku-dhafnaanta labanlaabka ah ee elektarooniga ah.
Marka laga eego dhinaca joogtaynta, Nolosha adeega dheer ee aluminium liners waxay hoos u dhigtaa isticmaalka alaabta iyo soo saarista qashinka, la jaanqaadida fikradaha dhaqaalaha wareegtada ah ee hawlgallada warshadaha.
Dib-u-warshadaynta dahaarka dhoobada ah ee la kharash gareeyay isla markaaba isku-darka isku-darka ama qalabka dhismaha ayaa sidoo kale la helay si loo yareeyo raad-reebka deegaanka.
Ugu dambeyntii, Dahaarka alumina ee dhoobada dhoobada waxay ka dhigan yihiin furaha tignoolajiyada difaaca xidhashada warshadaha ee casriga ah.
Adaggooda ifafaale, ilaalinta kulaylka, iyo kiimikaad la'aanta, oo ay weheliso hab-dhaqannada wax-soo-saarka iyo dejinta si buuxda u koray, ka dhig kuwa lagama maarmaanka u ah la dagaallanka xumaanshaha alaabada ee warshadaha waaweyn.
Maaddaama sayniska alaabtu uu horumarayo iyo la socodka dhijitaalka ah ayaa noqda mid isku dhafan, jiilka soo socda ee xariif ah, Nidaamyada aluminium-ku-saleysan ee adkaysiga leh ayaa hubaal ah inay sii kordhin doonaan waxtarka shaqeynta iyo sii jirista jawiga aan fiicnayn.
Qaybiyaha
Shirkadda Alumina Technology Co., Ltd., Ltd diiradda saaray cilmi-baarista iyo horumarinta, wax soo saarka iyo iibinta budada oxide aluminium, aluminium oxide alaabta, aluminium oxide crucible, iwm., u adeegida qalabka elegtarooniga ah, dhoobada, kiimikaad iyo warshado kale. Tan iyo markii la aasaasay 2005, shirkadu waxa ay ka go’an tahay in ay macaamiisha u soo bandhigto wax soo saarka iyo adeegyada ugu wanaagsan. Haddii aad raadinayso tayo sare leh aluminium al2o3, fadlan xor u noqo inaad nala soo xidhiidho. ([email protected])
Tags: Xirmooyinka dhoobada alumina, Alumina Ceramics, aluminium
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