1. Iziseko zeMveliso kunye neMigangatho yoLwakhiwo lweAlumina
1.1 Izigaba zeCrystallographic kunye neempawu zoMmandla woMphezulu
(I-Alumina Ceramic Chemical Catalyst ixhasa)
Alumina (Al ₂ O EZINTATHU), ingakumbi kwimo yesigaba sika-α, sesinye sezona zixhobo zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-ceramic kwi-catalyst yekhemikhali egcinayo ngenxa yokhuseleko olubalaseleyo lobushushu, amandla oomatshini, kunye nekhemistry yendawo enokuqhutywa.
Ikho kwinani leentlobo zepolymorphic, equlathe γ, d, i, kunye ne-α-alumina, nge γ-alumina ibe yeyona iqhelekileyo kwizicelo ze-catalytic ngenxa yendawo yayo yeenkcukacha eziphezulu (100– 300 m²/g )kunye nesakhiwo esinemingxuma.
Ekufudumezeni phezulu 1000 °C, utshintsho metastable aluminas (umz., c, d) utshintsho oluqhubekayo kwi-alumina ene-thermodynamically stable (isakhiwo diamond), ene-denser, I-latticework ye-crystalline engekho-porous kunye nomphezulu ophantsi kakhulu (~ 10 m²/g), iyenza ilunge kakhulu kusasazo olunamandla lwe-catalytic.
Ummandla ophezulu we-γ-alumina uphuhlisa kwisakhelo esinesiphako se-spinel-like, equka ukuvuleka kwe-cation kwaye ivumela i-anchoring ye-nanoparticles yensimbi kunye neentlobo ze-ionic.
Amaqela e-hydroxyl angaphezulu (– OH) kumsebenzi we-alumina njengeewebhusayithi ze-Brønsted acid, ngelixa ngokulungelelanisiweyo i-Al EZIMBINI ⁺ ion isebenza njengeewebhusayithi ze-Lewis acid, ukwenza ukuba izinto eziphathekayo zithathe inxaxheba ngokuthe ngqo kwiimpendulo ze-asidi-catalyzed okanye ukugcina i-anionic intermediates.
Ezi zindlu zasekhaya zendalo zenza i-alumina ingabi ngumboneleli wenkonzo nje ongenzi nto kodwa ibe negalelo elisebenzayo kwiinkqubo ze-catalytic kwiinkqubo ezininzi zoshishino..
1.2 I-Porosity, Imorphology, kunye noBulungisa beMechanical
Ukusebenza kwe-alumina njengoncedo olukhuthazayo kuxhomekeke ngokunzulu kwisakhiwo sayo se-pore, elawula ukuthuthwa kwabantu abaninzi, ukufikeleleka kwewebhusayithi ezinamandla, kunye nokuchasa ukungcola.
Izixhaso ze-alumina zenziwe ngokujikeleza kwe-pore dimension elawulwayo– ezahlukeneyo ukusuka mesoporous (2– 50 nm) ukuba macroporous (> 50 nm)– ukuzinzisa indawo ephezulu kunye nokusasazwa okusebenzayo kwee-catalysts kunye nezinto.
I-porosity ephezulu yonyusa ukusasazwa kweentsimbi ezisebenzayo njengeplatinam, ipalladium, nickel, okanye icobalt, ukukhusela kwi-agglomeration kunye nokusebenzisa kakuhle inani lewebhusayithi ezisebenzayo umthamo ngamnye.
Ngoomatshini, I-alumina ibonisa amandla aphezulu okucinezela kunye nokumelana nokuthotywa, iyimfuneko kwibhedi esisigxina kunye ne-fluidized-bed reactors apho amaqhekeza avuselelayo ahlala exhalabile ixesha elide kunye nokuhamba ngebhayisekile eshushu..
I-coefficient yayo yokwandisa i-thermal ephantsi kunye nenqanaba eliphezulu lokunyibilika (~ 2072 °C )qinisekisa ukhuseleko olusezantsi phantsi kweengxaki zokusebenza ezigqithisileyo, kubandakanywa amanqanaba obushushu aphakanyisiweyo kunye neendawo ezinobungozi.
( I-Alumina Ceramic Chemical Catalyst ixhasa)
Ukongeza, ialumina inokuveliswa kwiijometri ezahlukeneyo– iipilisi, extrudates, ii-monoliths, okanye amagwebu– ukwandisa uxinzelelo lwehla, ukudluliselwa kobushushu, kunye ne-activator throughput kwiinkqubo zobunjineli beekhemikhali ezinkulu.
2. Umsebenzi kunye neeNkqubo kwi-Heterogeneous Catalysis
2.1 Ukusasazwa kwentsimbi esebenzayo kunye nokuZinzisa
Omnye weyona misebenzi iphambili ye-alumina kwi-catalysis kukusebenza njengendawo enomgangatho ophezulu wokusasaza amaqhekeza entsimbi ye-nanoscale esebenza njengezixhobo ezisebenzayo zokwenziwa kweekhemikhali..
Ngezicwangciso ezifana nokukhulelwa, imvula ngokubambisana, okanye i-deposition-precipitation, iintsimbi ezihloniphekileyo okanye ezitshintshayo zisasazwe ngokufanayo kumphezulu we-alumina, ukudala i-nanoparticles esasazwa kakhulu kunye nobukhulu obuqhelekileyo ngezantsi 10 nm.
Intsebenziswano eyomeleleyo yenkxaso yentsimbi (i-SMS) phakathi kwe-alumina kunye namaqhekeza entsimbi yongeza ukhuseleko lobushushu kwaye ithintele ukuntywila– i-coalescence ye-nanoparticles kumaqondo aphezulu okushisa– ngokuqinisekileyo ebeya kuthi ngenye indlela icuthe umsebenzi we-catalytic ngokuthe ngcembe.
Njengomzekelo, ekusulungekisweni kwepetroleum, Iplatinam nanoparticles ezixhaswa kwi-γ-alumina zizinto ezibalulekileyo zokuvuselela ukuvuselela izivuseleli ezisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa i-octane ephezulu..
Ngokunjalo, kwiimpendulo ze-hydrogenation, i-nickel okanye i-palladium kwi-alumina inceda ngokudityaniswa kwe-hydrogen kwizinto eziphilayo ezingaxutywanga, ngenkxaso ekhuselayo kwintshukumo encinci kunye nokuvalwa.
2.2 Intengiso kunye noHlengahlengiso lweCatalytic
I-alumina ayisebenzi nje njengeqonga elilula; ichaphazela ngokusebenzayo izenzo ze-elektroniki kunye neekhemikhali zesinyithi ezizinzileyo.
Umphezulu omuncu we-γ-alumina unokubhengeza i-bifunctional catalysis, apho iiwebhusayithi ze-asidi zivuselela i-isomerization, ukwahlula, okanye izenzo zokuchithwa kwamanzi ngelixa iisayithi zetsimbi zinyamekela i-hydrogenation okanye i-dehydrogenation, njengoko kubonakala kwiinkqubo ze-hydrocracking kunye nohlaziyo.
Amaqela e-hydroxyl yendawo engaphezulu angazimanya neemvakalelo ze-spillover, apho iiathom zehidrojeni ezahlulwe kwiziza zentsimbi zihamba phezu komphezulu wealumina, ukwandisa indawo yovakalelo ngaphaya kweqhekeza lentsimbi ngokwayo.
Ukongeza, i-alumina inokujongwa ngemiba efana neklorini, ifluorine, okanye i-lanthanum ukwenza umgangatho wayo wobumuncu, nyusa ukhuseleko lobushushu, okanye ukuphucula ukusasazwa kwentsimbi, ukwenza ngokwezifiso uncedo lweemeko ezithile zokusabela.
Olu hlengahlengiso luvumela ukulungiswa kakuhle kobuchule be-catalyst ngokukhetha, ukusebenza koguqulo, kunye nokumelana netyhefu ngesulfure okanye i-coke deposition.
3. Usetyenziso lwezoShishino kunye nokuFaniswa kweNkqubo
3.1 IiNkqubo zePetrochemical kunye nokuCocwa
Izivuseleli ezixhaswa yi-alumina zibalulekile kwishishini leoli negesi, ngakumbi kucazululo lwe-catalytic, i-hydrodesulfurization (HDS), kunye nokutshintsha umphunga.
Kulwelo olubangela uqhekeko (FCC), nangona ii-zeolite ziyinxalenye ephambili esebenzayo, I-alumina iqhele ukudityaniswa kwimatrix yomqhubi ukukhulisa amandla omatshini kunye nokubonelela ngeendawo ezikwahlulahlula okwesibini.
YeHDS, I-cobalt-molybdenum okanye i-nickel-molybdenum sulfides zigcinwa kwi-alumina ukukhupha isulfure kwiindawo zeoli ekrwada., ukuncedisa ukuzalisekisa izikhokelo zokusingqongileyo kumxholo wesalfure web kumafutha.
Kutshintsho lwemethane yomphunga (I-SMR), nickel kwizikhuthazi ze-alumina ziguqula imethane kunye namanzi zibe yi-syngas (H EZIMBINI + CO), inyathelo eliphambili kwimveliso ye-hydrogen kunye ne-ammonia, apho ukuzinza kwenkxaso phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu bobushushu bubalulekile.
3.2 I-Ecology kunye ne-Energy-Related Catalysis
Ukucokiswa kwangaphambili, Ii-catalysts ezixhaswa yi-alumina zidlala imisebenzi ebalulekileyo kulawulo lokuphuma kunye namandla acocekileyo etekhnoloji yanamhlanje..
Kwiziguquli ze-catalytic zemoto, iiwashcoats ze-alumina zisebenza njengenkxaso ephambili yeentsimbi zeqela leplatinam (Pt, Pd, Rh) eyenza i-carbon monoxide kunye neehydrocarbons kwaye inciphise ukukhutshwa kwe-NOₓ.
Ummandla ophezulu we-γ-alumina wenza ukusetyenziswa kakuhle kokuvezwa ngokuthe ngqo kwezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba, ukunciphisa umnxeba wokulayishwa kunye neendleko ngokubanzi.
Ekunciphiseni ngononophelo i-catalytic (SCR) ye-NOₓ usebenzisa i-ammonia, abaqhubi be-vanadia-titania bahlala bexhaswa kwi-alumina-based substrates ukuphucula ukuqina kunye nokusabalalisa.
Ukwengeza, Uncedo lwe-alumina luyaphononongwa kwizicelo ezivelayo ezifana nekhabhon monoksayidi ezimbini ze-hydrogenation kwi-methanol kunye neempendulo zotshintsho lwegesi yamanzi., apho ukuzinza kwabo phantsi kokunciphisa iingxaki kunenzuzo.
4. Imiqobo kunye neNdlela yoPhuhliso lwexesha elizayo
4.1 Uzinzo lwe-Thermal kunye ne-Sintering Resistance
Umqobo omkhulu we-γ-alumina yemveli lutshintsho lwenqanaba ukuya kwi-α-alumina kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu., okukhokelela kwilahleko ebuhlungu yendawo kunye nesakhelo sepore.
Oku kunqanda ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwiimpendulo ze-exothermic okanye iinkqubo zokuvuselela kubandakanya i-oxidation yexesha eliphakamileyo lobushushu ukususa iintlawulo ze-coke..
Uphononongo lugxile ekuxhaseni utshintsho aluminas ngokusebenzisa doping nge lanthanum, isilicon, okanye barium, ezithintela ukukhula kwekristale kunye nokuphuculwa kwesigaba sokubambelela ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1100– 1200 °C.
Isicwangciso esongezelelweyo siquka ukuphuhlisa inkxaso edibeneyo, njenge-alumina-zirconia okanye i-alumina-ceria, ukudibanisa indawo ephezulu kunye nokuqina kwe-thermal.
4.2 Ukunyangwa kwePoisoning kunye neSakhono sokuHlaziya
Ukuvalwa kokuvuselela ngenxa yetyhefu yesulfure, phosphorus, okanye iintsimbi ezinzima zihlala zingumngeni kwimisebenzi yoshishino.
Umphezulu we-alumina unokubhengeza iikhompawundi zesulfure, ukuthintela iiwebhusayithi ezinamandla okanye ukusabela ngeentsimbi ezizinzileyo ukwenza i-sulfide engasebenziyo.
Ukuseka iifomyula ezinyamezela isulfure, njengokusebenzisa abathengisi abasemgangathweni okanye ukugqitywa kokukhusela, kubalulekile ekwandiseni ubomi bomqhubi kwiindawo ezimuncu.
Okubaluleke ngokulinganayo kukukwazi ukuhlaziya izivuseleli ezichithiweyo nge-oxidation elawulwayo okanye ukucocwa kweekhemikhali., apho ukungasebenzi kweekhemikhali ze-alumina kunye nokuqina koomatshini kuvumela imijikelezo emininzi yokuvuselela ngaphandle kokuwa kwesakhiwo.
Ukushwankathela, I-alumina ceramic ime njengemathiriyeli yekona kwi-heterogeneous catalysis, ukudibanisa ukuqina koyilo kunye nekhemistri yendawo yomphezulu eguquguqukayo.
Indima yayo njengoncedo oluvuselelayo yanda ngaphaya kokunyanzeliswa okuthe ngqo, ezichaphazela ngokusebenzayo iindlela zokusabela, ukwandisa ukusasazeka kwesinyithi, kunye nokwenza iinkqubo zemizi-mveliso emikhulu.
Uphuhliso oluqhubekayo kwi-nanostructuring, idoping, kunye noyilo oluhlanganisiweyo luhlala lunyusa izakhono zalo kwikhemistri ehlala ixesha elide kunye nokuguqulwa kwamandla olutsha.
5. Umthengisi
I-Alumina Technology Co., Ltd igxile kuphando kunye nophuhliso, ukuveliswa kunye nokuthengiswa kwe-aluminium oxide powder, iimveliso ze-aluminium oxide, i-aluminium oxide crucible, njl., ukusebenzela i-elektroniki, iiseramikhi, Iikhemikhali kunye namanye amashishini. Ukususela ekusekweni kwayo kwi 2005, inkampani izibophelele ekuboneleleni abathengi ngezona mveliso kunye neenkonzo ezingcono. Ukuba ujonge umgangatho ophezulu iamina al2o3, nceda uzive ukhululekile ukuqhagamshelana nathi. ([email protected])
Iithegi: I-Alumina Ceramic Chemical Catalyst ixhasa, ialumina, i-alumina oxide
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