1. Ntọala ngwaahịa na ụkpụrụ nhazi nke Alumina
1.1 Usoro Crystallographic na njirimara Mpaghara dị n'elu
(Alumina Ceramic Chemical Catalyst na-akwado)
Alumina (Al ₂ O ATO), karịsịa n'ụdị α-phase ya, bụ naanị otu n'ime ihe ndị a na-ejikarị seramiiki eme ihe maka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-akwado ya n'ihi ezigbo nchekwa ọkụ ya, ike n'ibu, na kemịkalụ elu mpaghara tunable.
Ọ dị n'ọtụtụ ụdị polymorphic, nke nwere γ, d, i, na α-alumina, na γ-alumina bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị maka ngwa catalytic n'ihi mpaghara nkọwa ya dị elu (100– 300 m²/g )na porous Ọdịdị.
N'elu kpo oku n'elu 1000 Celsius C, metastable mgbanwe alumina (eg, c, d) jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ na-agbanwe n'ime α-alumina kwụsiri ike (owuwu diamond), nke nwere denser, kristal latticework na-adịghị porous na elu dị ala nke ukwuu (~ 10 m²/g), na-eme ka ọ ghara ịdị mma maka mgbasa catalytic ike.
Ebe dị elu nke γ-alumina na-etolite site na ọkpụkpụ ọkpụkpụ ya nwere nkwarụ, nke mejupụtara oghere cation ma na-enye ohere maka anchoring nke metal nanoparticles na ionic ụdị.
Otu dị n'elu hydroxyl (– OH) na ọrụ alumina dị ka weebụsaịtị Brønsted acid, ebe ion Al TWO na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka weebụsaịtị Lewis acid, na-eme ka ihe ahụ nwee ike isonye ozugbo na mmeghachi omume nke acid-catalyzed ma ọ bụ jikwaa etiti anionic.
Ụlọ ndị a dị n'elu dị n'elu na-eme ka alumina ọ bụghị naanị onye na-enye ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ kama ọ na-enye aka na usoro catalytic n'ọtụtụ usoro mmepụta ihe..
1.2 Porosity, Ọmụmụ ihe ọmụmụ, na Mechanical eziokwu
Ịrụ ọrụ nke alumina dị ka enyemaka na-akpali akpali na-adabere n'ụzọ siri ike na nhazi ya, nke na-achịkwa njem ụgbọ njem, nnweta nke weebụsaịtị ike, na iguzogide mmejọ.
A na-eji mgbasa akụkụ nke pore na-achịkwa nke ejiri rụọ nkwado alumina– dị iche na mesoporous (2– 50 nm) ka macroporous (> 50 nm)– iji mee ka ebe dị elu kwụsie ike na mgbasa ozi nke ọma na ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe.
Oke porosity dị elu na-akwalite mgbasa nke ọla ndị na-arụ ọrụ ike dị ka platinum, palladium, nickel, ma ọ bụ cobalt, na-echebe megide agglomeration na iji ọnụ ọgụgụ nke weebụsaịtị na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na olu ọ bụla.
Mechanical, alumina na-egosiputa ike mkpakọ dị elu na nkwụsi ike, dị mkpa maka ndị na-edozi ihe ndina na ihe ndina na-edozi ahụ ebe iberibe ihe na-akpali akpali na-enwe nchekasị maka ogologo oge na ịnya igwe ọkụ..
Ọnụego mgbasawanye ọkụ ya dị ala yana ebe mgbaze dị elu (~ 2072 Celsius C )gbaa mbọ hụ na nchekwa akụkụ dị n'okpuru nnukwu nsogbu arụ ọrụ, gụnyere oke okpomọkụ na gburugburu ebe na-emebi emebi.
( Alumina Ceramic Chemical Catalyst na-akwado)
Na mgbakwunye, Enwere ike ịmepụta alumina n'ime geometric dị iche iche– pellets, extrudates, monoliths, ma ọ bụ ụfụfụ– iji mechaa mbelata nrụgide, nnyefe okpomọkụ, na ntinye ihe na-eme ka ọ rụọ ọrụ na usoro injinịa kemịkalụ buru ibu.
2. Ọrụ na Sistemu dị n'ụdị Catalysis dị iche iche
2.1 Mgbasa igwe na-arụ ọrụ na nkwụsi ike
Otu n'ime ọrụ ndị bụ isi nke alumina na catalysis bụ ije ozi dị ka ebe nchekwa dị elu maka ịgbasa iberibe ígwè nanoscale nke na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ụlọ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ maka kemịkalụ kemịkalụ..
Na atụmatụ dị ka impregnation, oke mmiri ozuzo, ma ọ bụ ntinye-mmiri ozuzo, ọla ndị a na-asọpụrụ ma ọ bụ ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe na-agbasasị n'otu n'otu n'elu alumina, na-eke nke ukwuu ekesa nanoparticles na nha a n'okpuru 10 nm.
Mkpakọrịta nkwado metal siri ike (SMS) n'etiti alumina na metal iberibe enhances thermal nche na-egbochi sintering– njikọta nke nanoparticles na oke okpomọkụ– nke ga-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ belata ọrụ catalytic.
Dị ka ihe atụ, na nnụcha mmanụ ala, Platinum nanoparticles na-akwado na γ-alumina bụ ihe dị mkpa nke ihe na-akpali akpali na-emezigharị catalytic eji emepụta mmanụ ụgbọala octane dị elu..
N'otu aka ahụ, na mmeghachi omume hydrogenation, nickel ma ọ bụ palladium na alumina na-enyere aka na mgbakwunye hydrogen na ihe ndị na-adịghị edozi ahụ, na nkwado na-echebe megide bit ije na deactivation.
2.2 Mgbasa ozi na Mgbanwe Ọrụ Catalytic
Alumina anaghị arụ ọrụ naanị dị ka ikpo okwu dị mfe; ọ na-emetụta ọrụ eletrọnịkị na kemịkalụ nke ọla kwụgidere.
Elu acidic nke γ-alumina nwere ike ịkpọsa catalysis bifunctional, ebe weebụsaịtị acid na-akwalite isomerization, nkewa, ma ọ bụ omume akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ mgbe saịtị igwe na-elekọta hydrogenation ma ọ bụ mmiri mmiri, dị ka a na-ahụ na hydrocracking na nhazi usoro.
Otu hydroxyl mpaghara dị n'elu nwere ike isonye na mmetụta nfesa, ebe atom hydrogen kewara na saịtị igwe na-aga n'elu alumina, na-agbatị mpaghara nke uche karịa iberibe ígwè n'onwe ya.
Na mgbakwunye, Enwere ike iji ihe ndị dị ka chlorine doped alumina, fluorine, ma ọ bụ lanthanum iji hazie ọkwa acidity ya, mee ka nchekwa okpomọkụ dịkwuo elu, ma ọ bụ melite mgbasa ígwè, hazie enyemaka maka ụfọdụ mmeghachi omume gburugburu.
Mgbanwe ndị a na-enye ohere nhazi nke ọma nke nrụpụta ihe n'ihe gbasara nhọrọ nhọrọ, ntughari arụmọrụ, na iguzogide nsi site na sọlfọ ma ọ bụ ntinye coke.
3. Ngwa ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na mmekọ usoro
3.1 Usoro Petrochemical na Nnụcha
Ihe mkpali na-akwado alumina dị oke mkpa na ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ na gas, karịsịa na nkewa nke catalytic, hydrodesulfurization (HDS), na uzuoku na-agbanwe.
Na mmiri mmiri catalytic mgbaji (FCC), ọ bụ ezie na zeolites bụ isi ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ, A na-ejikọkarị alumina n'ime matriks ọkwọ ụgbọ ala iji kwalite ume ọrụ ma nye saịtị nkewa nke abụọ.
Maka HDS, A na-akwado cobalt-molybdenum ma ọ bụ nickel-molybdenum sulfide na alumina iji kpochapụ sọlfọ site na oke mmanụ., na-enyere aka mezuo ntuziaka gburugburu ebe obibi na ọdịnaya webụ sọlfọ na mmanụ ọkụ.
Na uzuoku methane reforming (SMR), nickel na alumina stimulants na-eme ka methane na mmiri ghọọ syngas (H abụọ + CO), bụ isi nzọụkwụ na hydrogen na amonia mmepụta, ebe nkwụsi ike nke nkwado n'okpuru nnukwu uzuoku dị elu dị oke mkpa.
3.2 Ihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi na ike metụtara ike
Nnụcha gara aga, ihe na-akwado alumina na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na njikwa iyuzucha na ike dị ọcha teknụzụ ọgbara ọhụrụ.
Na ụgbọ ala catalytic converters, akwa mkpuchi alumina na-eje ozi dị ka nkwado mbụ maka ọla ndị otu platinum (Pt, Pd, Rh) na oxidize carbon monoxide na hydrocarbons ma belata NOₓ emissions.
Ebe dị elu nke γ-alumina na-eji nke ọma kpughee ihe ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe nke ụwa, ibelata ihe a na-akpọ maka nbudata na mmefu n'ozuzu.
Na nlezianya catalytic mbelata (SCR) nke NOₓ iji amonia, A na-akwadokarị ndị ọkwọ ụgbọ ala vanadia-titania na ihe ndị dabere na alumina iji meziwanye ike na mgbasa..
Na mgbakwunye, A na-enyocha enyemaka alumina na ngwa na-apụta dị ka carbon monoxide abụọ hydrogenation na methanol na nzaghachi mgbanwe mmiri gas., ebe nkwụsi ike ha n'okpuru ibelata nsogbu bara uru.
4. Ihe mgbochi na ntụzịaka mmepe n'ọdịnihu
4.1 Thermal kwụsie ike na Sintering Nguzogide
Nnukwu ihe mgbochi nke γ-alumina ọdịnala bụ mgbanwe ọkwa ya gaa na α-alumina na oke okpomọkụ., na-eduga na mfu dị egwu nke mpaghara na oghere pore.
Nke a na-amachi ojiji ya na mmeghachi omume exothermic ma ọ bụ usoro mmeghari gụnyere oxidation dị elu nke oge iji wepụ ego ịkwụ ụgwọ coke..
Ọmụmụ na-elekwasị anya n'ịkwado aluminas mgbanwe site na iji lanthanum doping, silicon, ma ọ bụ barium, nke na-egbochi uto kristal na nkwalite usoro njide ruo 1100– 1200 Celsius C.
Atụmatụ agbakwunyere gụnyere ịmepụta nkwado ngwakọta, dị ka alumina-zirconia ma ọ bụ alumina-ceria, ka iwekota elu elu ebe na enwekwukwa thermal anwụ ngwa ngwa.
4.2 Iguzogide nsi na ike imeghari
Nkwụsị ihe na-akpali akpali n'ihi nsị site na sọlfọ, phosphorus, ma ọ bụ ígwè dị arọ ka bụ ihe ịma aka na ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ.
N'elu alumina nwere ike itinye ogige sọlfọ, na-egbochi webụsaịtị dị ike ma ọ bụ na-emeghachi omume na nchara na-adịgide adịgide iji mepụta sulfide na-adịghị arụ ọrụ.
Ịmepụta usoro ndị na-anabata sọlfọ, dị ka iji ọkọlọtọ marketers ma ọ bụ ihe nchebe finishing, dị mkpa maka ịgbatị ndụ ọkwọ ụgbọ ala na ntọala utoojoo.
Otu ihe dị mkpa bụ ike ịmegharị ihe mkpali emefuru na oxidation na-achịkwa ma ọ bụ ihicha kemịkal, ebe inertness kemịkalụ alumina na ike arụ ọrụ na-enye ohere ọtụtụ usoro mmegharị ahụ na-enweghị ndakpọ..
Iji kwubie, alumina seramiiki guzo dị ka ihe nkuku nkuku na dị iche iche catalysis, na-ejikọta ịdị ike nke ụkpụrụ ụlọ na kemistri dị n'elu ala.
Ọrụ ya dị ka ihe enyemaka na-akpali akpali na-agbasawanye nke ukwuu karịa enweghị ike imegharị ahụ, na-arụsi ọrụ ike na-emetụta ụzọ mmeghachi omume, na-eme ka mgbasawanye ígwè, na ime ka usoro mmepụta ihe buru ibu.
Mmepe ugboro ugboro na nanostructuring, doping, na nhazi ihe mejupụtara na-anọgide na-abawanye ikike ya na kemịkalụ na-adịgide adịgide na mgbanwe mgbanwe ike.
5. Onye na-ebu ihe
Ụlọ ọrụ Alumina Technology Co., Ltd., Ltd gbadoro anya na nyocha na mmepe, mmepụta na ire nke aluminom oxide ntụ ntụ, aluminum oxide ngwaahịa, aluminum oxide crucible, wdg., na-eje ozi na ngwá electronic, ceramik, chemical na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ. Kemgbe e guzobere ya na 2005, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ etinyela aka n'inye ndị ahịa ngwaahịa na ọrụ kacha mma. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-achọ elu mma alumina al2o3, biko nweere onwe gị ịkpọtụrụ anyị. ([email protected])
Tags: Alumina Ceramic Chemical Catalyst na-akwado, alumina, alumina oxide
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