1. Ime-elu na Njirimara Ọdịdị nke Fused Quartz
1.1 Amorphous netwọk na Thermal kwụsie ike
(Quartz Crucibles)
Quartz crucibles bụ arịa dị elu nke sitere na silica agbakwunyere, ụdị silicon dioxide (SiO ₂) ewepụtara site na agbaze nke kristal quartz eke na ọkwa okpomọkụ karịrị 1700 Celsius C.
N'adịghị ka kristal quartz, Silica agbakwunyere nwere netwọọdụ akụkụ atọ nke amorphous nke nkuku SiO ₄ tetrahedra., nke na-ebuga nguzogide ujo na-enweghị atụ na nchekwa akụkụ n'okpuru mgbanwe okpomọkụ ngwa ngwa.
Usoro atọm a nwere ọgba aghara na-echebe megide obi n'akụkụ ụgbọ elu crystallographic, na-eme ka silica agbakwunyere ghara ịdị mfe mgbaji n'oge ọ bụla ịnya igwe ọkụ ma e jiri ya tụnyere polycrystalline porcelains..
Ngwaahịa na-egosi ọnụọgụ dị ala nke mmepe okpomọkụ (~ 0.5 × 10 ⁻ / K), otu n'ime ihe ndị injinia kacha ala, na-enyere ya aka ịtachi obi na mkpọda okpomọkụ na-enweghị mgbaji– ụlọ dị mkpa na semiconductor na mmepụta cell anyanwụ.
Silica jikọtara ọnụ na-emekwa ka enweghị ike kemịkalụ pụrụ iche megide ọtụtụ acid, ígwè mmiri mmiri, na slags, ọ bụ ezie na ọ nwere ike jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ kanye ya na hydrofluoric acid na phosphoric acid na-ekpo ọkụ.
Ebe dị nro ya dị elu (~ 1600– 1730 Celsius C, dabere na ịdị ọcha na ihe OH) na-enye ohere ịrụ ọrụ na-aga n'ihu na okpomọkụ dị elu achọrọ maka mmepe kristal na usoro nchacha ígwè.
1.2 Ịkwado ịdị ọcha na njikwa micronutrient
Ịrụ ọrụ nke quartz crucibles na-adabere na ịdị ọcha kemịkal, karịsịa ihe a na-elekwasị anya na mmetọ ígwè dị ka ígwè, sodium, potassium, aluminom dị arọ, na titanium.
Chọpụtakwa ọnụọgụgụ (components kwa nde ọkwa) nke adịghị ọcha ndị a nwere ike ịbanye n'ime silicon a wụrụ awụ n'oge mmepe kristal, na-emebi ụlọ eletrik nke ihe semiconductor na-akpata.
Àgwà ịdị ọcha dị elu nke a na-eji na ngwa eletrọnịkị na-emepụtakarị na-enwekarị ihe karịrị 99.95% SiO ₂, na alkali ígwè oxides amachibidoro nke ukwuu ihe na-erughị 10 ppm na mgbanwe ọla n'okpuru 1 ppm.
Ihe mmetọ na-esi na nri quartz raw ma ọ bụ ngwaọrụ eji eme ihe, a na-ebelatakwa ya site na nlebara anya nke isi mmalite ịnweta yana ụzọ nhicha dị ka acid leaching na nchebe flotation..
Na mgbakwunye, nke hydroxyl (OH) Ọdịnaya webụ na silica agwakọtara na-emetụta omume ọkụ ọkụ ya; Ụdị OH dị elu na-enye nnyefe UV ka mma mana ọ na-ebelata nkwụsi ike nke okpomọkụ, ebe a na-ahọrọ ụdị OH dị ala maka ngwa okpomọkụ dị elu n'ihi mbelata mmepe afụ.
( Quartz Crucibles)
2. Usoro mmepụta na Microstructural Design
2.1 Electrofusion na akpụ Strategies
A na-emepụta crucibles quartz site na electrofusion, Usoro nke a na-enye ntụ ntụ quartz dị elu ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-atụgharị graphite ebu na mildew n'ime ọkụ ọkụ eletrik..
Arc eletrik na-eme n'etiti electrodes carbon na-eme ka obere quartz na-agbaze, nke na-eme ka oyi akwa sie ike site na oyi akwa iji mepụta enweghị nkebi, ok crucible ụdị.
Usoro a na-emepụta ihe dị mma, microstructure nwere obere afụ na striae, dị mkpa maka mgbasa ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-agbanwe agbanwe na nkwụsi ike n'ibu.
A na-eji ụzọ dị iche iche dị ka ngwakọta plasma na ngwakọta ọkụ maka ngwa pụrụ iche chọrọ mmetọ dị ala ma ọ bụ nkọwa profaịlụ njupụta mgbidi..
Mgbe nkedo gasịrị, crucibles na-aga site na-achịkwa jụrụ oyi (annealing) iji kpochapụ nrụgide dị n'ime ma kwụsị nkwụsịtụ n'oge ngwọta.
Emecha elu, nke na-agụnye egweri na na-egbuke egbuke, ensures dimensional accuracy and lowers nucleation sites for unwanted crystallization throughout use.
2.2 Crystalline Layer Engineering and Opacity Control
A defining feature of contemporary quartz crucibles, particularly those used in directional solidification of multicrystalline silicon, is the crafted inner layer framework.
N'oge nrụpụta, the internal surface area is often dealt with to advertise the development of a thin, controlled layer of cristobalite– a high-temperature polymorph of SiO TWO– upon initial home heating.
This cristobalite layer acts as a diffusion obstacle, reducing straight interaction in between molten silicon and the underlying integrated silica, thus lessening oxygen and metal contamination.
Ọzọkwa, the visibility of this crystalline phase enhances opacity, na-eme ka mmịpụta infrared radieshon na mgbasa ozi na-agbasawanye na-agbanwe agbanwe n'ime ikuku okpomọkụ.
Ndị na-emepụta ihe na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na-emeziwanye ọkpụrụkpụ na njikọ nke oyi akwa a iji gbochie nhụpụ ma ọ bụ nkewa n'ihi mgbanwe olu n'oge ntụgharị ọkwa..
3. Nrụmọrụ bara uru na ngwa oke okpomọkụ
3.1 Ọrụ na Silicon Crystal Development Process
Quartz crucibles dị mkpa na mmepụta nke monocrystalline na multicrystalline silicon, na-arụ ọrụ dị ka akpa akpa maka silicon liquified na Czochralski (CZ) na usoro siri ike ntụziaka (DS).
Na usoro CZ, A na-agbanye mkpụrụ kristal ozugbo n'ime silicon mmiri ara ehi nke edobere na crucible quartz wee jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ na-arịgo elu ka ọ na-atụgharị., na-ekwe ka ingots otu-crystal tolite.
Ọ bụ ezie na crucible adịghị ekwu okwu ozugbo na kristal na-eto eto, mmekọrịta dị n'etiti silicon liquified na SiO ₂ mgbidi elu na-eweta mgbasa oxygen n'ime agbaze, nke nwere ike imetụta onye na-ahụ maka ọrụ ndụ oge niile yana ike arụ ọrụ na wafers kwụsịrị.
Na usoro DS maka fotovoltaic-grade silicon, nnukwu quartz crucibles na-eme ka o kwe omume ịjụ oyi nke ọtụtụ narị kilogram nke silicon mmiri mmiri n'ime ingots yiri ngọngọ..
Ebe a, mkpuchi dị ka silicon nitride (Si ise N anọ) A na-etinye ya n'elu ime ime iji zere njikọ ma nyere aka na mmalite dị mfe nke ngọngọ silicon siri ike mgbe ọ jụrụ.
3.2 Ngwa mbibi na oke ndụ ọrụ
N'agbanyeghị na ha siri ike, quartz crucibles na-emebi emebi n'oge okirikiri okpomoku dị elu n'ihi ọtụtụ ngwaọrụ metụtara ya.
Oke eruba ma ọ bụ contortion na-apụta mgbe ogologo oge gafechara 1400 Celsius C, na-eme ka mgbidi dị nro na nkwụsị nke eziokwu geometric.
Mweghachi nke silica fused ozugbo n'ime cristobalite na-emepụta nrụgide dị n'ime na nchekasị n'ihi mmepe olu., nwere ike ịkpata mgbajiji ma ọ bụ spallation nke na-emetọ nchara.
Mbipu kemịkalụ na-apụta site na nzaghachi mbelata dị n'etiti silicon liquified na SiO TWO: SiO Abụọ + Si → 2SiO(g), na-emepụta silicon monoxide na-agbanwe agbanwe nke na-ahapụ ma na-emebi mgbidi mgbidi ahụ.
mmepe afụ, nke gas tọrọ atọ ma ọ bụ otu OH na-akwali, na-etinyekwa ike n'ihe nhazi na ihe nrụpụta ọkụ.
Ụzọ ndị a na-emebi emebi na-amachi ụdị usoro eji emegharị ihe dị iche iche ma na-achọ njikwa usoro iji kwalite ogologo ndụ na mkpụrụ ihe..
4. Mmepe na-ebilite na nhazi nka nka
4.1 Mkpuchi na Mgbanwe Ngwakọta
Iji meziwanye arụmọrụ na ogologo ndụ, Quartz crucibles na-aga n'ihu na-ejikọta ihe mkpuchi na-arụ ọrụ na ihe mejupụtara.
N'ígwé na-egbochi ịrapara nke silicon na mmecha silica ọgwụ ọgwụ na-akwalite njirimara ntọhapụ ma belata ikuku oxygen na-agbaze n'oge niile..
Ụfọdụ ndị na-emepụta ihe na-ejikọta zirconia (ZrO ₂) ahụ n'ime crucible mgbidi elu-amụba n'ibu ike na iguzogide devitrification.
Nchọpụta na-aga n'ihu n'ime crucibles a haziri nke ọma ma ọ bụ gradient nke emepụtara iji kwalite nnyefe ọkụ na-egbuke egbuke na nhazi usoro kpo oku anyanwụ nke ọgbọ na-abịa..
4.2 Ịdịgide na ihe ịma aka imegharị ihe
Site na ịkwalite mkpa sitere na semiconductor na ụlọ ọrụ fotovoltaic, iji quartz crucibles eme ihe na-adịgide adịgide aghọwo nchegbu.
Akpụkpọ anụ eji eme ihe emetọọ na nkwụnye silicon na-esi ike ịmegharị n'ihi ihe egwu ndị na-efe efe, na-eduga n'ịba nnukwu ihe mkpofu.
Ihe mmalite na-elekwasị anya n'ịmepụta lining crucible recyclable recyclable, emelitere usoro nchacha, na sistemu eji emegharị ihe mechiri emechi iji nwetaghachi silica dị ọcha maka ngwa ndị ọzọ.
Dị ka arụmọrụ ngwaọrụ chọrọ ịdị ọcha ihe dị elu karịa, Ọrụ nke quartz crucibles ga-anọgide na-aga n'ihu na ọganihu na sayensị ngwaahịa na nhazi usoro.
Na nchịkọta, quartz crucibles na-anọchite anya ihe njirimara dị mkpa n'etiti akụrụngwa na ngwaahịa eletrọnịkị dị elu.
Ngwakọta ịdị ọcha nke otu ha, ike thermal, na ụdị nhazi na-enyere aka imepụta teknụzụ ọgbara ọhụrụ dabere na silicon nke na-eme ka kọmputa dị ugbu a na sistemụ ume ọhụrụ..
5. Onye na-enye
Advanced Ceramics tọrọ ntọala na October 17, 2012, bụ ụlọ ọrụ teknụzụ dị elu kwadoro nyocha na mmepe, mmepụta, nhazi, ahịa na teknuzu ọrụ nke seramiiki ikwu ihe dị ka Alumina seramiiki bọọlụ. Ngwaahịa anyị gụnyere mana ọnweghị oke na ngwaahịa seramiiki Boron Carbide, Ngwaahịa seramiiki boron nitride, Ngwaahịa seramiiki Silicon Carbide, Ngwaahịa seramiiki silicon Nitride, Ngwaahịa seramiiki Zirconium Dioxide, wdg. Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere mmasị, biko nweere onwe gị ịkpọtụrụ anyị.([email protected])
Tags: quartz crucibles,fused quartz crucible,quartz crucible maka silicon
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