1. Ua-up thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm Fused Quartz
1.1 Amorphous Network thiab Thermal Stability
(Quartz Crucibles)
Quartz crucibles yog cov thawv kub kub ua los ntawm kev sib xyaw silica, ib daim ntawv dag ntawm silicon dioxide (SiO ₂) muab tau los ntawm melting ntawm ntuj quartz siv lead ua nyob rau hauv kub theem surpassing 1700 ° C.
Tsis zoo li crystalline quartz, integrated silica muaj amorphous peb-dimensional network ntawm kaum sib koom SiO ₄ tetrahedra, uas qhia tshwj xeeb thermal poob siab tsis kam thiab kev ruaj ntseg seem nyob rau hauv kev hloov kho kub ceev.
Qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb atomic no tiv thaiv bosom raws cov dav hlau crystallographic, ua kev sib xyaw silica tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev tawg thoob plaws hauv thermal caij tsheb kauj vab piv rau polycrystalline porcelains.
Cov khoom qhia tau hais tias tsis tshua muaj coefficient ntawm thermal kev loj hlob (~ 0.5 × 10 ⁻⁶ / K), ib qho qis tshaj ntawm cov khoom siv engineering, ua kom nws ua siab ntev thermal slopes tsis muaj fracturing– lub tsev tseem ceeb hauv semiconductor thiab solar cell manufacturing.
Integrated silica kuj ua rau tshwj xeeb tshuaj inertness tiv thaiv feem ntau acids, liquified steels, thiab slags, Txawm hais tias nws tuaj yeem maj mam engraved los ntawm hydrofluoric acid thiab kub phosphoric acid.
Nws siab softening point (~ 1600 Nws– 1730 ° C, nyob ntawm purity thiab OH khoom) tso cai rau kev ua haujlwm txuas ntxiv ntawm qhov ntsuas kub uas xav tau rau kev txhim kho siv lead ua thiab cov txheej txheem steel refining.
1.2 Pureness Grading thiab Micronutrient Control
Lub efficiency ntawm quartz crucibles yog heev raws li tshuaj pureness, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsom rau cov pa phem hlau xws li hlau, sodium, poov tshuaj, lub teeb yuag aluminium, thiab titanium.
Kuj nrhiav tus lej (Cheebtsam ib lab qib) ntawm cov impurities tuaj yeem txav mus rau hauv molten silicon thaum lub sij hawm siv lead ua, deteriorating lub tsev hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom semiconductor tshwm sim.
High-purity qualities siv nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas feem ntau muaj ntau dua 99.95% SiO ₂, nrog alkali steel oxides txwv kom tsawg dua 10 ppm thiab hloov cov hlau hauv qab no 1 ppm ua.
Cov pa phem qias los ntawm cov khoom siv raw quartz los yog cov cuab yeej tuav thiab txo qis los ntawm kev xav ntawm cov pob zeb hauv av thiab cov txheej txheem purification xws li acid leaching thiab flotation tiv thaiv.
Ntxiv rau, cov hydroxyl (OH) web cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv fused silica cuam tshuam nws cov thermomechanical ua; high-OH hom muab UV kis tau zoo dua tab sis qis thermal stability, thaum qis-OH versions yog qhov nyiam rau cov ntawv thov kub vim qhov kev tsim ua npuas tsawg.
( Quartz Crucibles)
2. Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom thiab Microstructural Design
2.1 Electrofusion thiab tsim cov tswv yim
Quartz crucibles yog tsim los ntawm electrofusion, cov txheej txheem uas muaj purity quartz hmoov yog pub rau hauv kev tig graphite pwm thiab mildew hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob arc.
Ib qho hluav taws xob arc generated ntawm carbon electrodes thaws cov quartz khoom, uas solidify txheej los ntawm txheej los tsim ib seamless, daim ntawv tuab crucible.
Cov txheej txheem no generates ib tug nplua-grained, homogeneous microstructure nrog tsawg npuas thiab striae, Qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom sov zoo ib yam thiab txhua yam ruaj khov.
Cov txheej txheem sib txawv xws li plasma fusion thiab hluav taws kub fusion yog siv rau cov ntawv tshwj xeeb uas xav tau kev sib kis tsis zoo lossis cov ntsiab lus ntawm phab ntsa ntom ntom.
Tom qab casting, cov crucibles mus los ntawm kev tswj kom txias (annealing) txhawm rau tshem tawm cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv thiab tsis txhob tawg thaum lub sijhawm daws teeb meem.
Nto xov, muaj kev sib tsoo thiab ci ntsa iab, ua kom qhov tseeb qhov tseeb thiab txo qhov chaw nucleation rau pliaj crystallization thoob plaws hauv kev siv.
2.2 Crystalline Txheej Engineering thiab Opacity Control
Lub ntsiab feature ntawm niaj hnub quartz crucibles, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov siv nyob rau hauv directional solidification ntawm multicrystalline silicon, yog crafted inner txheej moj khaum.
Thoob plaws hauv kev tsim khoom, sab hauv cheeb tsam yog feem ntau dealt nrog rau kev tshaj tawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug nyias, tswj txheej ntawm cristobalite– ib tug high-temperature polymorph ntawm SiO TWO– thaum pib cua sov hauv tsev.
Cov txheej txheej cristobalite no ua raws li qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev sib kis, txo cov kev sib tshuam ncaj nraim ntawm cov molten silicon thiab cov hauv paus integrated silica, yog li txo cov pa oxygen thiab hlau paug.
Ntxiv mus, lub visibility ntawm no crystalline theem txhim kho opacity, txhim kho infrared radiation absorption thiab tshaj tawm txawm tias qhov kub thiab txias nyob rau hauv lub thaw.
Crucible developers ua tib zoo stabilize lub thickness thiab kev twb kev txuas ntawm cov txheej no los tiv thaiv spalling los yog splitting vim lub ntim hloov thaum lub sij hawm hloov theem..
3. Kev ua tau zoo hauv kev siv kub-kub
3.1 Lub luag haujlwm hauv Silicon Crystal Development Processes
Quartz crucibles yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov monocrystalline thiab multicrystalline silicon, ua hauj lwm raws li thawj lub thawv rau liquified silicon nyob rau hauv Czochralski (CZ) thiab directional solidification systems (DS).
Hauv cov txheej txheem CZ, cov noob siv lead ua yog dipped rau hauv cov kua dej silicon khaws cia rau hauv lub quartz crucible thiab maj mam rub mus rau thaum tig., tso cai rau ib leeg-crystal ingots los tsim.
Txawm hais tias lub crucible tsis hais ncaj qha rau cov siv lead ua loj hlob, Kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm liquified silicon thiab SiO ₂ phab ntsa ua rau oxygen dissolution rau hauv yaj, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau tus neeg muab kev pabcuam lub neej thiab lub zog txhua yam hauv qhov kawg ntawm wafers.
Hauv DS cov txheej txheem rau photovoltaic-qib silicon, quartz crucibles loj heev ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tswj tau qhov txias ntawm ntau pua kilograms ntawm liquified silicon rau hauv block-shaped ingots.
Ntawm no, npog xws li silicon nitride (Si tsib N FOUR) yog siv rau hauv qhov chaw sab hauv kom tsis txhob muaj kev sib raug zoo thiab pab ua kom yooj yim tso tawm ntawm cov khoom siv silicon block tom qab txias..
3.2 Cov cuab yeej ua kom puas tsuaj thiab kev txwv lub neej
Txawm tias lawv toughness, quartz crucibles degrade thoob plaws qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov kub thiab txias vim muaj ntau yam khoom siv.
Thick flow los yog contortion tshwm sim nyob rau lub sij hawm ntev direct raug tshaj 1400 ° C, ua rau phab ntsa thinning thiab poob ntawm geometric ncaj ncees.
Re-crystallization ntawm fused silica txoj cai rau hauv cristobalite tsim sab hauv kev ntxhov siab thiab kev ntxhov siab vim qhov kev loj hlob ntawm ntim, tejzaum nws ua rau pob txha los yog spallation uas ua rau cov thaw.
Cov tshuaj yaig tshwm sim los ntawm kev txo cov lus teb ntawm cov kua silicon thiab SiO TWO: SIJ OB + Si → 2SiO(g), generating volatile silicon monoxide uas tawm thiab puas lub crucible phab ntsa nto.
Kev loj hlob npuas, uas tau tsav los ntawm cov pa phem lossis OH pawg, Tsis tas li ntawd ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam cov qauv kev ruaj khov thiab thermal conductivity.
Cov kev deterioration no txwv ntau yam ntawm kev rov siv dua thiab xav tau cov txheej txheem kev tswj xyuas kom zoo dua crucible lifespan thiab cov khoom tawm los.
4. Kev Txhim Kho Kev Txhim Kho thiab Kev Kho Kom Zoo Dua
4.1 Coatings thiab Compound Alterations
Txhawm rau txhim kho kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm ntev, Kev vam meej quartz crucibles integrates functional coverings and composite structures.
Silicon-raws li tiv thaiv cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg thiab drugged silica finishings boost tso tawm nta thiab txo oxygen outgassing thoob plaws hauv melting.
Qee cov tuam txhab ua ke zirconia (ZrO ₂) particles rau hauv phab ntsa crucible kom muaj zog txhua yam thiab tsis kam mus rau devitrification.
Kev tshawb fawb txuas ntxiv mus rau hauv cov pob tshab los yog gradient-structured crucibles tsim los txhim kho cov hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv cov tiam tom ntej hnub ci cua sov layouts.
4.2 Sustainability thiab Recycling Challenges
Nrog kev xav tau los ntawm semiconductor thiab photovoltaic industries, Kev siv quartz crucibles tau dhau los ua kev txhawj xeeb.
Siv cov crucibles paug nrog silicon deposit yog ib qho nyuaj rau rov ua dua vim muaj kev phom sij ntawm kev sib kis, ua rau muaj ntau yam pov tseg.
Initiatives tsom rau kev tsim cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab, txhawb cov txheej txheem ntxuav, thiab kaw-loop recycling systems kom recuperate high-purity silica rau kev siv ntxiv.
Raws li cov cuab yeej siv tau zoo yuav tsum tau ntau dua cov ntaub ntawv pureness, lub luag haujlwm ntawm quartz crucibles yeej yuav nyob twj ywm nrog kev nce qib hauv cov khoom lag luam thiab cov txheej txheem tsim.
Hauv recap, quartz crucibles sawv cev rau cov neeg siv khoom siv tseem ceeb ntawm cov peev txheej thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ua haujlwm siab.
Lawv ib leeg-ntawm-ib-zoo ua ke ntawm purity, thermal zog, thiab cov qauv tsim ua rau kev tsim cov khoom siv silicon-raws li niaj hnub thev naus laus zis uas siv lub tshuab computer niaj hnub thiab cov tshuab hluav taws xob txuas ntxiv..
5. Tus kws kho mob
Advanced Ceramics nrhiav tau rau lub Kaum Hlis 17, 2012, yog lub tuam txhab high-tech cog lus rau kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim kho, ntau lawm, ua, kev muag khoom thiab kev pabcuam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv txheeb ze ceramic xws li Alumina Ceramic Balls. Peb cov khoom suav nrog tab sis tsis txwv rau Boron Carbide Ceramic Cov Khoom, Boron Nitride Ceramic Khoom, Silicon Carbide Ceramic Khoom, Silicon Nitride Ceramic Khoom, Zirconium Dioxide Ceramic Khoom, lwm. Yog koj txaus siab, thov koj xav tiv tauj peb.([email protected])
Cim npe: quartz crucibles,fused quartz crucible,quartz crucible rau silicon
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