1. Kupanga ndi Zomangamanga za Fused Quartz
1.1 Amorphous Network ndi Thermal Stability
(Zithunzi za Quartz)
Ma quartz crucibles ndi zotengera zotentha kwambiri zopangidwa kuchokera ku silika wophatikizika, mawonekedwe opangira silicon dioxide (SiO ₂) zochokera ku kusungunuka kwa makhiristo achilengedwe a quartz pamilingo yotentha kwambiri 1700 °C.
Mosiyana ndi crystalline quartz, silika yophatikizika ili ndi netiweki ya amorphous yamitundu itatu yogawana ngodya SiO ₄ tetrahedra, chomwe chimapereka kukana kwapadera kwa kutentha kwa kutentha ndi chitetezo chapamwamba pansi pa kusintha kwa kutentha kwachangu.
Chimake chosokonezeka cha atomiki chimateteza pachifuwa pa ndege za crystallographic, kupangitsa silika wophatikizika kuti asakhale pachiwopsezo chophwanyika panjinga yonse yotentha poyerekeza ndi ma polycrystalline porcelain.
Mankhwalawa amasonyeza coefficient yotsika ya chitukuko cha kutentha (~ 0.5 × 10 ⁻⁶/ K), chimodzi mwazinthu zotsika kwambiri pakati pa zida zamainjiniya, kuthandizira kupirira kutsetsereka kwakukulu kotentha popanda kusweka– nyumba yofunika kwambiri pakupanga ma semiconductor ndi ma solar cell.
Silika yophatikizika imasunganso kukhazikika kwapadera kwamankhwala motsutsana ndi ma acid ambiri, zitsulo zamadzimadzi, ndi slags, ngakhale amatha kulembedwa pang'onopang'ono ndi hydrofluoric acid ndi hot phosphoric acid.
Kufewetsa kwake kwakukulu (~ 1600– 1730 °C, kutengera chiyero ndi zinthu za OH) imalola kugwira ntchito kosalekeza pa kutentha komwe kumafunikira pakukula kwa kristalo ndi njira zoyenga zitsulo.
1.2 Pureness Grading ndi Micronutrient Control
Kuchita bwino kwa ma crucibles a quartz kumadalira kwambiri kuyera kwa mankhwala, makamaka kuyang'ana kwazitsulo zowononga zitsulo monga chitsulo, sodium, potaziyamu, aluminiyumu yopepuka, ndi titaniyamu.
Onaninso kuchuluka kwake (zigawo pa miliyoni mlingo) za zonyansazi zimatha kulowa mu silicon yosungunuka pakukula kwa kristalo, kuwonongeka kwa nyumba zamagetsi zomwe zimatengera semiconductor.
Makhalidwe abwino kwambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakupanga zida zamagetsi nthawi zambiri amakhala mopitilira 99.95% SiO ₂, ndi ma oxide achitsulo amchere omwe amakhala ochepa kwambiri kuposa 10 ppm ndi zitsulo zosinthira pansipa 1 ppm.
Zowononga zimachokera ku quartz feedstock yaiwisi kapena zida zogwirira ntchito ndipo zimachepetsedwa posankha magwero amchere ndi njira zoyeretsera monga acid leaching ndi kuteteza kuyandama..
Kuphatikiza apo, ndi hydroxyl (OH) Zomwe zili pa intaneti mu silika wosakanikirana zimakhudza zochita zake za thermomechanical; Mitundu yapamwamba ya OH imapereka kufalitsa kwabwino kwa UV koma kumachepetsa kukhazikika kwamafuta, pomwe mitundu yotsika ya OH imakondedwa pakugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kuwira.
( Zithunzi za Quartz)
2. Njira Yopanga ndi Microstructural Design
2.1 Electrofusion ndi Kupanga Njira
Ma quartz crucibles amapangidwa makamaka kudzera mu electrofusion, njira yomwe ufa wapamwamba wa quartz umadyetsedwa mu nkhungu yotembenuza ya graphite ndi mildew mkati mwa chowotcha chamagetsi cha arc.
Arc yamagetsi yopangidwa pakati pa ma electrode a kaboni amasungunula ma quartz bits, zomwe zimalimbitsa wosanjikiza ndi wosanjikiza kuti zikhale zopanda msoko, wandiweyani crucible mawonekedwe.
Njira iyi imapanga chithunzithunzi chabwino, homogeneous microstructure yokhala ndi thovu zochepa ndi striae, ndizofunikira kuti pakhale kutentha kosasinthasintha komanso kukhazikika kwamakina.
Njira zosiyanasiyana monga kuphatikizika kwa plasma ndi kuphatikizika kwa moto kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zapadera zomwe zimafunikira kuipitsidwa kwambiri kapena mbiri ya kachulukidwe ka khoma..
Pambuyo kuponya, ma crucibles amadutsa kuzirala kolamulidwa (kuchepetsa) kuthetsa kupsyinjika kwa mkati ndikusiya kusweka modzidzimutsa panthawi ya yankho.
Kumaliza pamwamba, opangidwa ndi kugaya ndi kuwala, imawonetsetsa kulondola kwazithunzi ndikuchepetsa malo opangira ma nucleation osafunika pakugwiritsa ntchito.
2.2 Crystalline Layer Engineering ndi Opacity Control
Chidziwitso chofotokozera za crucibles za quartz zamakono, makamaka omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbikitsa silicon ya multicrystalline, ndiye chimango chamkati chopangidwa.
Popanga zonse, malo amkati amkati nthawi zambiri amachitidwa kuti alengeze chitukuko cha woonda, wosanjikiza wolamulidwa wa cristobalite– polymorph yotentha kwambiri ya SiO TWO– pakuwotcha koyamba kwa nyumba.
Chosanjikiza ichi cha cristobalite chimagwira ngati chopinga chosokoneza, kuchepetsa kuyanjana kolunjika pakati pa silicon yosungunuka ndi silika wophatikizidwa, motero kuchepetsa mpweya ndi zitsulo kuipitsidwa.
Komanso, mawonekedwe a crystalline gawo ili kumawonjezera kuwonekera, kukulitsa mayamwidwe a radiation ya infrared ndikutsatsa kufalikira kwa kutentha kosasinthika mkati mwa thaw.
Opanga ma Crucible amakhazikika bwino makulidwe ndi kulumikizana kwa wosanjikizawu kuti apewe kuphulika kapena kugawanika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa voliyumu panthawi yakusintha..
3. Kuchita Mwachangu mu Ntchito Zotentha Kwambiri
3.1 Udindo mu Njira Zachitukuko za Silicon Crystal
Ma quartz crucibles ndi ofunikira popanga silicon ya monocrystalline ndi multicrystalline, ikugwira ntchito ngati chidebe choyambirira cha silicon yosungunuka ku Czochralski (CZ) ndi machitidwe olimba owongolera (DS).
Mu ndondomeko ya CZ, kristalo wa mbewu amamizidwa mu silicon yosungunuka yomwe imasungidwa mu quartz crucible ndipo pang'onopang'ono imakokera mmwamba ndikutembenuka., kulola kuti ma ingots a kristalo apangidwe.
Ngakhale crucible sichilankhula mwachindunji ndi kristalo yomwe ikukula, kuyanjana pakati pa silicon yamadzimadzi ndi SiO ₂ pakhoma kumabweretsa kusungunuka kwa okosijeni mu sungunuka., zomwe zingakhudze moyo wa opereka chithandizo komanso mphamvu zamakina muzophika zophika.
Mu njira za DS za silicon ya photovoltaic-grade, zitsulo zazikulu za quartz zimapangitsa kuti zitheke kuziziritsa kolamuliridwa kwa mazana a kilogalamu za silicon yothira madzi kukhala ingots zooneka ngati block..
Pano, zophimba monga silicon nitride (Ndi zisanu N IFOR) Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamwamba kuti apewe mgwirizano ndikuthandizira kukhazikitsa kosavuta kwa chipika cholimba cha silicon pambuyo pozizira.
3.2 Zida Zowonongeka ndi Zolepheretsa Moyo Wautumiki
Ngakhale kuuma kwawo, Ma crucibles a quartz amawonongeka nthawi yonse yobwereza yotentha kwambiri chifukwa cha zida zingapo zogwirizana.
Kuthamanga kwakukulu kapena kupindika kumachitika pakapita nthawi yayitali 1400 °C, kuchititsa kupatulira khoma ndi kutaya kukhulupirika kwa geometric.
Kukonzanso kwa silika wosakanikirana mpaka ku cristobalite kumapangitsa kupsinjika ndi nkhawa zamkati chifukwa cha kukula kwa voliyumu., zotheka kupangitsa ming'alu kapena kuphulika komwe kumaipitsa thaw.
Kukokoloka kwa mankhwala kumabwera chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mayankho pakati pa silicon yosungunuka ndi SiO TWO: SiO TWO + Si → 2SiO(g), kutulutsa silicon monoxide yosasunthika yomwe imachoka ndikuwononga khoma la crucible.
Kukula kwa bubble, kuyendetsedwa ndi mpweya wotsekeka kapena magulu a OH, imayikanso pachiwopsezo kulimba kwa kapangidwe kake komanso kusinthasintha kwamafuta.
Njira zowonongekazi zimachepetsa kusinthasintha kogwiritsanso ntchito ndipo zimafuna kuwongolera ndendende kuti ziwongolere moyo wautali komanso zokolola zazinthu..
4. Zotukuka Zoyamba ndi Kusintha Kwaukadaulo
4.1 Zovala ndi Kusintha Kwamagulu
Kupititsa patsogolo ntchito ndi moyo wautali, zitsulo zamtundu wa quartz zomwe zimapita patsogolo zimagwirizanitsa zophimba zogwirira ntchito ndi zomangamanga.
Zigawo zotsutsana ndi zomatira zokhala ndi silicon ndi kumaliza kwa silika wothira mankhwala kumathandizira kutulutsa ndikuchepetsa kutulutsa mpweya nthawi yonse yosungunuka..
Opanga ena amaphatikiza zirconia (ZrO ₂) particles mu crucible khoma pamwamba kuonjezera makina mphamvu ndi kukana devitrification.
Kafukufuku akupitilirabe muzitsulo zowonekera bwino kapena zopangika bwino kuti zipititse patsogolo kutentha kwanyengo mumibadwo yotsatira.
4.2 Kukhazikika ndi Mavuto Obwezeretsanso
Ndi kukweza kufunikira kuchokera ku semiconductor ndi mafakitale a photovoltaic, Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kosatha kwa zitsulo za quartz kwakhala nkhawa.
Ma crucibles omwe adayipitsidwa ndi silicon deposit ndizovuta kubweza chifukwa cha zoopsa zomwe zingayipitsidwe, kubweretsa zinyalala zambiri.
Zoyeserera zimayang'ana kwambiri kupanga zitsulo zotha kubwezanso, njira zoyeretsera zowonjezera, ndi makina otsekera otsekera kuti abwezeretse silika woyenga kwambiri kuti agwiritse ntchito zina.
Popeza kuti chipangizochi chimagwira ntchito bwino, chimafunikira kuyera kwazinthu zonse, ntchito ya quartz crucibles idzapitirirabe patsogolo ndi kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi ya zinthu ndi kapangidwe kazinthu.
Mukubwereza, ma crucibles a quartz amayimira mawonekedwe ofunikira ogwiritsira ntchito pakati pa zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zida zamagetsi zamagetsi.
Kuphatikiza kwawo kwamtundu umodzi wa chiyero, kutentha mphamvu, ndi kalembedwe kamangidwe kamathandizira kupanga matekinoloje amakono opangidwa ndi silicon omwe amalimbitsa makompyuta amakono ndi makina amagetsi ongowonjezwdwa.
5. Wopereka
Advanced Ceramics idakhazikitsidwa pa Okutobala 17, 2012, ndi bizinesi yapamwamba yodzipereka ku kafukufuku ndi chitukuko, kupanga, kukonza, malonda ndi ntchito zaukadaulo za zida za ceramic monga Mipira ya Ceramic ya Alumina. Zogulitsa zathu zikuphatikiza, koma osati zokha za Boron Carbide Ceramic Products, Boron Nitride Ceramic Products, Silicon Carbide Ceramic Products, Silicon Nitride Ceramic Products, Zirconium Dioxide Ceramic Products, ndi zina. Ngati muli ndi chidwi, chonde omasuka kulankhula nafe.([email protected])
Tags: zitsulo za quartz,kusakaniza quartz crucible,quartz crucible kwa silicon
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