1. IKhemistri eBalulekileyo kunye neempawu zeZakhiwo
1.1 ICrystalline vs. I-Amorphous Boron: ULungiselelo lweAtom kunye nokuHlaleka
(Umgubo weBoron)
Boron, aspect 5 on the table of elements, exists in numerous allotropic kinds, with crystalline and amorphous powders being the most industrially appropriate.
Crystalline boron generally takes on a rhombohedral framework (α-rhombohedral) composed of B ₁₂ icosahedra connected in a complex three-dimensional network, displaying high firmness, ukhuseleko thermal, and semiconductor actions.
Okuchasene, amorphous boron does not have long-range atomic order, containing disordered clusters of boron atoms that result in higher chemical sensitivity as a result of hanging bonds and architectural problems.
I-Amorphous boron ngokuqhelekileyo idalwe ngokuhla kweekhemikhali ze-boron halides okanye ukubola kobushushu be-boron hydrides., ukuvelisa umgubo ocolekileyo oneesayizi zamasuntswana ukusuka kwi-nanometers ukuya kwi-micrometers.
I-boron ecocekileyo ye-amorphous ephezulu (> 95% B) ibalulekile kwizicelo ezitsha, njengongcoliseko olufana neoksijini, ikhabhoni, kunye neentsimbi zinokutshintsha ngokumangalisayo iikinetics zokutsha, izakhiwo zombane, kunye nomsebenzi we-catalytic.
Ubume be-metastable ye-amorphous boron yenza ukuba ithande ukukhazimla kumanqanaba obushushu aphakamileyo (ngaphaya 800 °C), enokuthi isetyenziswe okanye incitshiswe ngokuxhomekeke kusetyenziso olucwangcisiweyo.
1.2 Uphawu loMzimba kunye ne-Electronic
Umgubo weBoron, ngokukodwa kwifom ye-amorphous, bonisa iipropati ezizodwa zokuhlala okanye zorhwebo ezivela kwindalo yazo ye-electron-intsilelo kunye nokudibanisa kwamaziko amaninzi.
Zinezinga eliphezulu lokunyibilika (ngeenxa zonke 2076 ° C yeboron ekristale) kunye nokuqina okubalaseleyo (okwesibini nje ukuba irubhi kunye cubic boron nitride), izenza zilungele ukugqibezela ukumelana nokunxitywa kunye ne-abrasives.
I-Amorphous boron inebhendi emalunga ne-1.5– 1.6 eV, phakathi phakathi kwesinyithi kunye nezithinteli, ukwenza ukuba kube lula kwimikhwa efana ne-semiconductor kunye ne-conductivity eqhutywayo ngokusebenzisa idoping okanye uyilo lwengxaki.
Ubukhulu bayo obuphantsi (2.34 g/cm ISIBINI) iphucula ukusebenza kwiinkqubo ezinobunzima bokukhanya, ngelixa iinkcukacha zayo eziphezulu zamandla (~ 58 kJ/g phezu kwe-oxidation) yodlula igesi esemgangathweni emininzi.
Ezi mpawu ziseta i-boron powders njengemveliso esebenzayo kumandla, izixhobo zombane, kunye nezicelo zoyilo.
( Umgubo weBoron)
2. IiNdlela zokuHlanganisa kunye neMveliso yoShishino
2.1 Ukuveliswa kwe-Amorphous Boron
Enye yeendlela eziqhelekileyo zokudala i-amorphous boron kukuncitshiswa kwe-boron trichloride (BCl ezintathu) ngehydrogen kumaqondo obushushu aphakathi (600– 800 °C) kwi-activator yebhedi emanzi.
Le nkqubo yenza i-brownish ukuya kumgubo omnyama owenziwe ngama-nanoparticles ahlanganisiweyo, ethi emva koko ikhutshwe ityhefu nge-asidi yokuvuza ukuze kususwe iikloridi eziphindaphindiweyo kunye nokungcoliseka kwesinyithi..
Ikhosi eyahlukileyo ibandakanya ukuchithwa kwe-thermal ye-diborane (B ₂ H ₆) kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi, ukuvelisa i-ultrafine amorphous boron enendawo ephezulu, nangona le ndlela iyancipha ngenxa yexabiso eliphezulu kunye nokungazinzi kwabaphambili be-borane.
Okongeziweyo mva nje, Ukuhla kwe-magnesium ye-B ZIMBINI O ezimbini sele kufunyaniswe njengendlela efikelelekayo, nangona ifuna inkathalo emva kokulungiswa ukuze kususwe iziphumo ze-MgO kwaye kufezekiswe ubunyulu obuphezulu.
Ikhosi nganye yokudibanisa ibonelela ngolungelelwano phakathi kwesivuno, ubunyulu, imorphology encinci, kunye nexabiso lemveliso, ukuphembelela ukhetho lwezicelo ezithile.
2.2 Ukusulungekiswa kunye noYilo lwaMasuntswana
Ukuhluzwa kwasemva kwe-synthesis kubalulekile ukunyusa ukusebenza, ngokukodwa kwizicelo ezinamandla kunye nedijithali apho ungcoliseko lusebenza njengothintelo lokusabela okanye imigibe yentlawulo.
Unyango lwe-Hydrofluoric kunye ne-hydrochloric acid lunyibilikisa ngokufanelekileyo i-oxide kunye nezingcolisi zetsimbi, ngelixa i-thermal annealing kwindawo engasebenziyo inokunciphisa ngakumbi umxholo we-oksijini kwaye izinzise isakhiwo se-amorphous..
Ukuncipha kobungakanani besuntswana ngendlela yokusila engqukuva okanye ijet milling ivumela ukuthungwa komphezulu kunye nokusebenza kwakhona, nangona ukungqusha okugqithisileyo kunokuvelisa ukwakheka kwangaphambili okanye ungcoliseko oluvela kwimidiya yokusila.
Iindlela zokugqitha kumphezulu, njengokugquma ngeepholima okanye ii-oxides, baqeshwe ukumisa i-oxidation ezenzekelayo kuyo yonke indawo yokugcina ngelixa bekhusela ubuntununtunu phantsi kweemeko ezilawulwayo zokutshisa..
Ezi zicwangciso zobunjineli ziqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwezinto eziphathekayo kuzo zonke iibhetshi zorhwebo.
3. Iimpawu eziluncedo kunye neendlela zokusabela
3.1 Ukuvutha kunye nokuziphatha okunamandla
Esinye sezona zicelo ziphawulekayo ze-amorphous boron njengegesi ephezulu yamandla kwiipropellants ezinamandla kunye neengoma zepyrotechnic..
Ekutshiseni, i-boron iphendula ngokugqithisileyo ngeoksijini ukwenza i-boron trioxide (B ₂ O ₃), ukukhulula amandla abalulekileyo ubunzima ngamnye– iyenza ibenomtsalane kwi-aerospace propulsion, ngakumbi kwii-ramjets kunye ne-scramjets.
Nangona kunjalo, Usetyenziso oluluncedo lucelwa umngeni kukulayita okulibazisekayo ngenxa yophuhliso lwe-viscous B ZIMBINI O ezine umaleko ogquma amasuntswana eboron angaphendulwanga., ukuthintela i-oxidation eyongezelelweyo.
Oku “ukutshisa” uye waqhuba uphando ngokufanelekileyo kwi-nanostructuring, ukusebenza komphezulu, kunye nokusebenzisa izivuseleli (umz., iioksidi zetsimbi zenguqu) ukunciphisa izinga lobushushu bokutshisa kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokutsha.
Phezu kwayo nje le miqobo, I-boron's high volumetric kunye nobunzima bamandla egravimetric buyaqhubeka buyenza ibe ngumgqatswa onyanzelekileyo weenkqubo zokuqhubela phambili zesizukulwana esilandelayo..
3.2 Izicelo zeCatalytic kunye neSemiconductor
Ngaphaya kwamandla, i-amorphous boron isebenza njenge-precursor ye-boron-based stimulants kunye ne-semiconductors.
Isebenza njengommeli ohlayo kwiinkqubo zetsimbi kwaye idibanisa neempendulo ze-hydrogenation kunye ne-dehydrogenation xa isasazwe ngoncedo..
Kwiimveliso zenzululwazi, Iifilimu ze-amorphous boron ezigqithiselwe kusetyenziswa ukubekelwa umphunga wekhemikhali (CVD) zisetyenziswa kwi-semiconductor doping kunye ne-neutron detectors ngenxa ye-boron-10 ephezulu yokubamba i-neutron cross-section..
Umthamo wayo wokuphuhlisa iibhoridi ezizinzileyo ngeentsimbi (umz., I-TiB ₂, I-ZrB YESIBINI) yenza udibaniso lweeporcelain zobushushu obuphezulu (Ii-UHTCs) kwiisistim zokhuseleko ze-aerospace.
Ukwengeza, Iikhompawundi ezityebileyo ze-boron ezivela kwi-amorphous boron zijongwa kwiimveliso zombane we-thermoelectric kunye ne-superconductors., iqaqambisa ukuguquguquka kwayo.
4. UShishino kunye nezicelo zobuGcisa ezisakhulayo
4.1 I-Aerospace, Ukhuselo, kunye neziSombululo zaMandla
Kwi-aerospace, I-amorphous boron idityaniswe ngqo kwiifomyula zamafutha aqinileyo ukukhulisa iinkcukacha zempembelelo kunye nenqanaba lobushushu lokutsha kwiinjini zokuphefumla umoya..
Isetyenziselwa ukongeza kwii-igniters, iijenereyitha zegesi, kunye neengoma zokubambelela kwi-pyrotechnic njengesiphumo sokusungulwa kwamandla athembekileyo kunye nokulawulwayo.
Kwiteknoloji yenyukliya, I-boron-10 powder etyetyisiweyo isetyenziswa kwiintonga zolawulo kunye neemveliso zokukhusela i-neutron, Isebenzisa amandla ayo okuthatha i-neutrons ezishushu ngaphandle kokudala izinto ezingcolisekileyo ezihlala ixesha elide..
Uphononongo kwi-boron-based anode ye-lithium-ion kunye ne-sodium-ion ibhetri ifumanisa isakhono sayo esiphezulu sethiyori. (~ 1780 mAh/g kaLi ezintlanu B), nangona ubunzima bokwandiswa komyinge kunye nokhuseleko lokuhamba ngebhayisekile lusahleli.
4.2 IiMathiriyeli eziPhezulu kunye neMiyalelo yekamva
Ukuvela kwezicelo kubandakanya iimuvi zerubhi ze-boron-doped ze-electrochemical sensing kunye nonyango lwamanzi, apho iindawo zokuhlala ezikhethekileyo zedijithali okanye iipropati zorhwebo ze-boron ziphucula ukuhanjiswa kunye nokuqina kwe-electrode.
Kwi-nanotechnology, i-amorphous boron nanoparticles ihlolwe ukuhanjiswa kweziyobisi ezijoliswe kuyo kunye nonyango lwe-photothermal, ukulawula ukuhambelana kwebhayoloji kunye nengxelo kwizivuseleli zangaphandle.
Iindlela zokuvelisa ezihlala zihleli, ezifana ne-plasma-assisted synthesis kunye neenkqubo zokunciphisa uhlaza, ziyaphuhliswa ukunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla.
Uyilo lobukrelekrele bokwenziwa lukwabekwa kuqikelelo lwemikhwa yokutshisa kunye nokuphucula uyilo oluncinci kwiinkcukacha zezisombululo ezinamandla..
Njengoko ukuqonda kwe-chemistry enzima ye-boron kuya kusiba nzulu, zombini iintlobo zekristale kunye ne-amorphous zibekwe ukuze zidlale indima ebaluleke kakhulu kwizinto eziphambili, ugcino lwamandla, kunye nezinto ezintsha zokukhusela.
Isishwankathelo, umgubo we boron– ngokukodwa i-amorphous boron– ukumela ikhosi yeemveliso ezininzi ezidibanisa imimandla yamandla, izinto zombane, kunye noyilo loyilo.
Indibaniselwano yabo eyahlukileyo yovakalelo oluphezulu, ukuzinza kwe-thermal, kunye neentshukumo ze-semiconductor zenza usetyenziso lwenguqu kwi-aerospace, zenyukliya, kunye namashishini asakhulayo angoku.
5. Umthengisi
I-RBOSCHCO ngumboneleli othembekileyo wehlabathi jikelele wezinto zekhemikhali & umenzi nge over 12 iminyaka yamava ekuboneleleni ngeekhemikhali ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye neeNanomaterials. Inkampani ithumela kumazwe amaninzi, njenge-USA, Khanada, IYurophu, I-UAE, Mzantsi Afrika, Thanzaniya, Khenya, Jiphethe, Nayijeriya, Khameruni, Yuganda, Thekhi, Mekhsikho, Azerbayijani, Bheljiyam, Sayiprasi, Umphakathi waseCzech, Brazil, Tshile, Ajentina, Dubai, Japhan, eKorea, Viyethnam, Thayilendi, Maleyishiya, Indoneshiya, Ostreliya,Jemani, Fransi, ElamaTaliyane, IPortugal njl. Njengomvelisi ophambili wophuhliso lwe-nanotechnology, I-RBOSCHCO iyongamela imarike. Iqela lethu lomsebenzi weengcali libonelela ngezisombululo ezigqibeleleyo zokunceda ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamashishini ahlukeneyo, yenza ixabiso, kwaye umelane ngokulula nemingeni eyahlukeneyo. Ukuba ukhangela cubic boron nitride powder, nceda uzive ukhululekile ukuqhagamshelana nathi kwaye uthumele umbuzo.
Iithegi: Umgubo weBoron, I-Amorphous Boron, Amorphous Boron powder
Onke amanqaku kunye nemifanekiso avela kwi-Intanethi. Ukuba kukho nayiphi na imiba ye-copyright, nceda uqhagamshelane nathi ngexesha lokucima.
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