1. Chemistry dị mkpa na njirimara nhazi
1.1 Crystalline vs. Amorphous boron: Nhazi Atọmịk na ịdị ọcha
(Boron ntụ ntụ)
Boron, akụkụ 5 na tebụl nke ihe, E nwere ọtụtụ ụdị allotropic, na kristal na amorphous ntụ ntụ bụ ihe kachasị mma maka mmepụta ihe.
Crystalline boron n'ozuzu na-ewere usoro rhombohedral (α-rhombohedral) mejupụtara B₁₂ icosahedra ejikọrọ na netwọk nwere akụkụ atọ dị mgbagwoju anya., na-egosipụta ike siri ike, thermal nche, na semiconductor omume.
Na ntule ndịiche, amorphous boron enweghị usoro atọm ogologo ogologo, nwere ụyọkọ boron atọm nwere nsogbu nke na-ebute mmetụta kemịkalụ dị elu n'ihi njikọ kwụgidere na nsogbu ụlọ..
A na-emepụta boron amorphous site na mbelata kemịkalụ boron halides ma ọ bụ ire ọkụ nke boron hydrides., na-enye ezigbo ntụ ntụ nwere nha urughuru sitere na nanometers ruo micrometers.
Amorphous boron dị elu dị ọcha (> 95% B) dị mkpa maka ngwa ọhụrụ, dị ka mmetọ dị ka oxygen, carbon, na ọla nwere ike gbanwee n'ụzọ dị egwu ọkụ ọkụ, ụlọ eletrik, na ọrụ catalytic.
Ọdịdị metastable nke boron amorphous na-eme ka ọ na-enwe ike ịmịpụta kristal na ọkwa okpomọkụ dị elu (gafere 800 Celsius C), nke enwere ike itinye ma ọ bụ belata dabere n'ojiji akwadoro.
1.2 Njirimara anụ ahụ na eletrọnịkị
Boron ntụ ntụ, kpọmkwem n'ụdị amorphous, gosi ụlọ obibi pụrụ iche ma ọ bụ azụmahịa nke na-abịa site na ọdịdị enweghị eletrọn ha na njikọta multicenter.
Ha nwere ihe na-agbaze dị elu (gburugburu 2076 Celsius C maka kristal boron) na ihe siri ike pụtara ìhè (Nke abụọ bụ ruby na cubic boron nitride), na-eme ka ha dị mma maka imecha ihe na-eguzogide ọgwụ na abrasives.
Amorphous boron nwere bandeeji nke ihe dịka 1.5– 1.6 eV, etiti n'etiti ọla na insulators, na-eme ka o kwe omume maka omume semiconductor nwere ike imegharị ihe site na doping ma ọ bụ imewe nsogbu.
Ọkpụrụkpụ ya dị ala (2.34 g/cm abụọ) na-eme ka arụmọrụ dị n'ime sistemu ike dị ọkụ, mgbe ya elu nkọwa ike ọdịnaya (~ 58 kJ/g na oxidation) karịrị ọtụtụ ọkọlọtọ gas.
Atụmatụ ndị a na-etinye ntụ ntụ boron dị ka ngwaahịa multifunctional na ume, ngwa eletrọnịkị, na architectural ngwa.
( Boron ntụ ntụ)
2. Synthesis na-abịaru nso na mmepụta mmepụta ihe
2.1 Mmepụta nke Amorphous Boron
Otu n'ime ụzọ a na-ahụkarị maka ịmepụta boron amorphous bụ mbelata boron trichloride (BCl atọ) na hydrogen na agafeghị oke okpomọkụ (600– 800 Celsius C) n'ime onye na-arụ ọrụ akwa mmiri.
Usoro a na-ebute ntụ ntụ na-acha aja aja ma ọ bụ oji nke mejupụtara nanoparticles gbakọtara, nke a na-ekpochapụ ya site na acid leaching iji kpochapụ chlorides na mmetọ ọla na-emekarị..
Usoro dị iche na-agụnye mgbawa okpomọkụ nke diborane (B ₂ H₆) na ala okpomọkụ, na-emepụta ultrafine amorphous boron na mpaghara dị elu, ọ bụ ezie na usoro a dị ntakịrị n'ihi ọnụ ahịa dị elu na enweghị ntụkwasị obi nke ndị na-ebu ụzọ borane.
Na nso nso a, Mbelata magnesium nke B abụọ O abụọ ka achọpụtara dị ka ụzọ dị ọnụ ala, ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-akpọ maka ịkpachara anya post-processing iji kpochapụ nsonaazụ MgO wee mezuo ịdị ọcha dị elu.
Usoro nhazi ọ bụla na-enye nkwekọrịta n'etiti mkpụrụ, ịdị ọcha, bit morphology, na ọnụ ahịa mmepụta, na-emetụta nhọrọ maka ngwa ngwa.
2.2 Ọcha na urughuru imewe
Post-synthesis filtration dị mkpa iji kwalite arụmọrụ, kpọmkwem na ngwa ike na dijitalụ ebe mmetọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka mgbochi mmeghachi omume ma ọ bụ chaja ọnyà.
Usoro ọgwụgwọ hydrofluoric na hydrochloric acid na-agbaze nke ọma oxide na metal, ebe ikpo ọkụ na gburugburu inert nwere ike ibelata ọdịnaya oxygen karịa ma mee ka usoro amorphous guzosie ike..
urughuru size mbelata site gburugburu-egwe ọka ma ọ bụ jet-egwe ọka na-enye ohere tailoring nke elu na reactivity, ọ bụ ezie na egwe ọka dị ukwuu nwere ike ịkpalite mmalite ma ọ bụ mmetọ site na mgbasa ozi egweri.
Usoro ngafe elu, dị ka ikpuchi na polymers ma ọ bụ oxides, A na-arụ ọrụ iji kwụsị oxidation na-enweghị onwe ya n'oge niile ebe nchekwa ebe ị na-echekwa mmetụta n'okpuru ọnọdụ mgbanye na-achịkwa..
Atụmatụ injinia ndị a na-ekwe nkwa nrụpụta ihe mgbe niile n'ofe ogbe azụmahịa.
3. Ụkpụrụ bara uru na usoro mmeghachi omume
3.1 Mkpọ ọkụ na Omume Ike
Otu n'ime ngwa kachasị dị ịrịba ama nke boron amorphous dị ka gas na-enye ike dị elu na ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe siri ike na ihe ndị pyrotechnic..
Mgbe ịgbanye ọkụ, boron na-eji oxygen zaghachi nke ọma iji mepụta boron trioxide (B ₂ O ₃), na-ahapụ ike dị ịrịba ama nke ọ bụla uka– na-eme ka ọ mara mma maka ikuku ikuku, karịsịa na ramjets na scramjets.
Ka o sina dị, A na-agbagha ojiji bara uru site na mgbanye na-egbu oge n'ihi mmepe nke viscous B abụọ O anọ oyi akwa nke na-ekpuchi ihe ndị na-adịghị edozi ahụ boron., na-egbochi oxidation ọzọ.
Nke a “mgbanye lag” akwalitela nyocha ozugbo n'ime nanostructuring, arụ ọrụ elu, na iji ihe na-akpali akpali (eg, mgbanwe metal oxides) iji belata ọkwa ọkụ ọkụ ma welie arụmọrụ combustion.
N'agbanyeghị ihe mgbochi ndị a, nnukwu volumetric nke boron na oke ike gravimetric na-aga n'ihu na-eme ka ọ bụrụ onye na-amanye maka usoro mkpali na-esote ọgbọ..
3.2 Ngwa Catalytic na Semiconductor
Agafee ume ike, Amorphous boron na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ihe mmalite maka ihe na-akpali akpali nke boron na semiconductor.
Ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye nnọchi anya na-ebelata na usoro ọla ma na-esonye na nzaghachi hydrogenation catalytic na dehydrogenation mgbe agbasasịrị na enyemaka..
Na sayensị ngwaahịa, ihe nkiri boron amorphous bufee site na iji kemịkalụ vepor ntinye (CVD) A na-eji ya na semiconductor doping na neutron detectors n'ihi boron-10 nke elu neutron weghara cross-ngalaba..
Ikike ya iji mepụta borides kwụ ọtọ na ọla (eg, TiB ₂, ZrB abụọ) na-enyere njikọ nke ultra-oke okpomọkụ poselin (UHTC) maka sistemu nchekwa ikuku ikuku.
Na mgbakwunye, A na-enyocha ogige ndị bara ụba boron sitere na boron amorphous na ngwaahịa thermoelectric na superconductor, na-eme ka ọ pụta ìhè.
4. Ngwa nka na-emepụta ihe na nke na-apụta
4.1 Igwe ikuku, Nchekwa, na Ngwọta Ike
Na mbara igwe, A na-etinye boron amorphous ozugbo n'ime usoro mmanụ ọkụ siri ike iji kwalite nkọwa mkpali na ọkwa ọkụ ọkụ n'ime igwe na-ekuku ikuku..
A na-ejikwa ya na ọkụ ọkụ, ndị na-emepụta gas, na pyrotechnic njigide-elu n'ihi mmalite ike ntụkwasị obi na ike jikwaa.
Na teknụzụ nuklia, A na-eji ntụ ntụ boron-10 emejupụtara na mkpanaka njikwa na ngwaahịa nchekwa neutron, na-etinye ikike ya iji were neutrons thermal na-emepụtaghị ngwaahịa sitere na mmetọ ogologo ndụ..
Nnyocha n'ime anodes dabere boron maka batrị lithium-ion na sodium-ion na-achọpụta ikike echiche ya dị elu. (~ 1780 mAh/g maka Li ise B), ọ bụ ezie na ihe isi ike na mgbasawanye nke ukwuu na nchekwa ịnya igwe ka dị.
4.2 Ngwa dị elu na ntuziaka ga-eme n'ọdịnihu
Ngwa na-ebilite bụ ihe nkiri ruby boron-doped maka mmetụta electrochemical na ọgwụgwọ mmiri, ebe obibi dijitalụ pụrụ iche ma ọ bụ azụmahịa nke boron na-emeziwanye conductivity na ike electrode.
Na nanotechnology, A na-enyocha amorphous boron nanoparticles maka nnyefe ọgwụ ezubere iche na ọgwụgwọ photothermal, na-emegharị biocompatibility ha na nzaghachi nye mkpali n'èzí.
Ụzọ mmepụta ihe na-adịgide adịgide, dị ka plasma-enyere aka njikọ na akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ mbelata usoro, a na-emepụta iji belata mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi na ike oriri.
A na-etinyekwa atụmatụ ọgụgụ isi mmadụ n'ụkpụrụ amụma na-ere ọkụ ma na-akwalite imepụta ntakịrị maka nkọwapụta azịza dị ike..
Ka nghọta nke kemịkalụ gbagwojuru anya boron na-abawanye, ma ụdị kristal na amorphous ka edobere ka ha na-arụwanye ọrụ dị mkpa na ihe ndị dị elu, nchekwa ike, na ihe nchebe ọhụrụ.
Na nchịkọta, boron ntụ ntụ– kpọmkwem amorphous boron– na-anọchi anya usoro nke ngwaahịa multifunctional na-ejikọta ngalaba nke ike, ngwá electronic, na ụkpụrụ ụlọ.
Ngwakọta ha dị iche iche nke mmetụta dị elu, nkwụsi ike thermal, na omume semiconductor na-enyere ngwa mgbanwe gafee ikuku ikuku, nuklia, na ụlọ ọrụ ọgbara ọhụrụ na-apụta.
5. Onye nkesa
RBOSCHCO bụ onye na-ebubata kemịkalụ zuru ụwa ọnụ ntụkwasị obi & emeputa na ihe karịrị 12 ahụmịhe afọ n'inye kemịkalụ dị oke mma na Nanomaterials. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-ebupụ n'ọtụtụ mba, dị ka USA, Canada, Europe, UAE, South Africa, Tanzania, Kenya, Egypt, Nigeria, Cameroon, Uganda, toro toro, Mexico, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Saịprọs, Czech Republic, Brazil, Chile, Argentina, Dubai, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Ọstrelia,Germany, France, Ịtali, Portugal wdg. Dịka onye nrụpụta mmepe nanotechnology na-eduga, RBOSCHCO na-achị ahịa. Ndị otu ọrụ ọkachamara anyị na-enye ngwọta zuru oke iji nyere aka melite arụmọrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche, mepụta uru, na mfe ịnagide nsogbu dị iche iche. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-achọ cubic boron nitride ntụ ntụ, biko nweere onwe gị ịkpọtụrụ anyị wee ziga ajụjụ.
Tags: Boron ntụ ntụ, Amorphous boron, Amorphous boron ntụ ntụ
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