1. I-Chemical and Structural Basics ye-Boron Carbide
1.1 I-Crystallography kanye ne-Stoichiometric Irregularity
(I-Boron Carbide Podwer)
I-Boron carbide (B ₄ C) into yobumba engeyona eyensimbi edume ngobulukhuni bayo obumangalisayo, ukuzinza okushisayo, kanye nekhono lokumunca i-neutron, ukuyibeka phakathi kwemikhiqizo enzima kakhulu eyaziwayo– idlule nje nge-cubic boron nitride nedayimane.
Uhlaka lwayo lwekristalu lusekelwe phezu kwe-rhombohedral lattice eyakhiwe i-icosahedra ye-athomu engu-12. (ikakhulukazi B ₁₂ noma B ₁₁ C) ixhunywe ngamaketango e-C-B-C noma e-C-B-B alayini, ukudala inethiwekhi ye-covalent enezinhlangothi ezintathu enikeza ukuqina komshini okumangalisayo.
Ngokungafani ne-ceramics eminingi ene-stoichiometry engaguquki, I-boron carbide ibonisa uhla olukhulu lokuzivumelanisa nezimo, ngokuvamile kusukela ku-B ₄ C kuya ku-B ₁₀. EZINHLANU C, ngenxa yokushintshwa kwama-athomu ekhabhoni ngaphakathi kwe-icosahedra namaketango esakhiwo.
Lokhu kungahambi kahle kunomthelela ezindaweni zokuhlala ezibalulekile noma ezohwebo njengokuqina, conductivity kagesi, kanye ne-thermal neutron capture cross-section, okuvumela ukulungiswa kwesakhiwo ngokusekelwe ezimweni zokwenziwa kanye nohlelo olukhethiwe.
Ukuba khona kwamaphutha kanye nenkinga ekumisweni kwe-athomu nakho kunomthelela ezenzweni zayo eziyingqayizivele zemishini, kuhlanganise nomuzwa owaziwa ngokuthi “i-amorphization ngaphansi kokucindezeleka” ngezingcindezi eziphezulu, okungakhawulela ukusebenza ezimweni ezinzima zomphumela.
1.2 I-Synthesis kanye ne-Powder Morphology Control
I-Boron carbide powder ikhiqizwa ikakhulukazi ngokuncishiswa kwe-carbothermal ephezulu ye-boron oxide (B ₂ O EZINTATHU) ngezinsiza zekhabhoni ezifana ne-petroleum coke noma i-graphite ezithandweni zikagesi ze-arc emazingeni okushisa aphakathi 1800 ° C futhi 2300 °C.
Impendulo iqhubeka ngokuthi: B OKUBILI O OKUTHATHU + 7C → 2B ₄ C + 6CO, ukukhiqiza i-crystalline powder eqinile edinga ukugaywa okulandelayo kanye nokuhlanzwa ukuze kuzuze inhlawulo, ama-submicron noma amabhithi e-nanoscale afanele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha.
Izindlela ezahlukene ezifana ne-laser-assisted chemical vapor deposition (I-CVD), ukucubungula i-sol-gel, kanye ne-mechanochemical synthesis inikeza imizila yokuhlanzeka okuphezulu kanye nokujikeleza kosayizi omncane olawulwayo, nakuba zivame ukukhawulelwa ngokulinganisa kanye nenani.
Izici ze-Powder– kuhlanganise nosayizi omncane, umumo, isimo se-jumble, kanye ne-surface area chemistry– yizicaciso ezibalulekile ezinomthelela ekuhlanganyeleni, ukuminyana kokupakisha, nokusebenza kwesici sokugcina.
Njengesibonelo, I-nanoscale boron carbide powders ibonisa i-sintering kinetics ethuthukisiwe ngenxa yamandla aphezulu aphezulu, ukunika amandla ukuminyana emazingeni okushisa ancishisiwe, kodwa-ke ziyakwazi ukungena ku-oxidation futhi zidinga ama-ambiences okuphepha ngesikhathi sokuphatha nokuphatha.
Ukusebenza kobuso kanye nokunameka ngezendlalelo ezisekelwe kukhabhoni noma ze-silicon kusetshenziswa kancane kancane ukukhulisa ukuhlakazeka nokuvimbela ukukhula okusanhlamvu kukho konke ukuhlanganiswa kwezikweletu..
( I-Boron Carbide Podwer)
2. Izindawo Zokuhlala Zemishini kanye Nezindlela Zokusebenza Ze-Ballistic
2.1 Ukuqina, I-Crack Sturdiness, kanye ne-Wear Resistance
I-Boron carbide powder ingumanduleli wemikhiqizo yezivikelo engasindi enokwethenjelwa kakhulu etholakala kalula, ngenxa yokuqina kwayo kweVickers okungaba ngu-30– 35 Isilinganiso sephoyinti lebanga, okuyivumela ukuthi igugule futhi ithuntubeze ama-projectile angenayo njengezinhlamvu nama-shrapnel.
Uma ifakwe kuthayela we-ceramic awugqinsi noma ihlanganiswa ezinhlelweni zesihlangu esiyinhlanganisela, i-boron carbide idlula insimbi ne-alumina ngesisekelo sesisindo sesisindo, okwenza kube sezingeni eliphezulu ekuvikelekeni kwabasebenzi, isihlangu semoto, kanye nokuvikela i-aerospace.
Noma kunjalo, naphezu kokuqina kwayo okuphezulu, I-boron carbide inciphise ngokunengqondo ukuqina kokuqina (2.5– 3.5 I-MPa · m¹ / OKUBILI), ukuyibeka engcupheni yokuphuka ngaphansi komphumela wendawo noma ukulayisha okuphindaphindiwe.
Lokhu brittleness kubhebhetheka ngamazinga aphezulu okucindezeleka, lapho izindlela zokwehluleka okuguquguqukayo njenge-shear banding kanye ne-amorphization ebangelwa ukucindezeleka kungaletha ukulahlekelwa okuyinhlekelele kobuqotho besakhiwo.
Ucwaningo oluqhubekayo lugxile ekwakhiweni kwe-microstructural– njengokwethula izigaba zesibili (isib., i-silicon carbide noma i-carbon nanotubes), ukukhiqiza izinhlanganisela ezilinganiselwe ngokusebenza, noma ukwenza ama-architecture a-odiwe– ukunciphisa le mikhawulo.
2.2 I-Ballistic Energy Dissipation kanye ne-Multi-Hit Amandla
Ezinhlelweni zezikhali zomuntu siqu nezemoto, amathayela we-boron carbide ngokuvamile asekelwa yizinhlanganisela ze-polymer eziqiniswe nge-fiber (isib., I-Kevlar noma i-UHMWPE) emunca amandla e-kinetic ayinsalela futhi abe nokuhlukana.
Phezu kwethonya, ungqimba lwe-ceramic luyaqhekeka ngendlela elawulwayo, ukuhlakaza amandla ngamasistimu afaka ukuhlukana kwezinhlayiyana, ukuphulwa kwe-intergranular, kanye nokwenza ngcono isiteji.
Isakhiwo esikhulu sokusanhlamvu sitholakala ekuhlanzekeni okuphezulu, I-nanoscale boron carbide powder ikhulisa lezi zinqubo zokumunca amandla ngokukhuphula ubukhulu bemingcele yokusanhlamvu evimbela ukwanda kokuhlukana..
Izindlela ezintsha zamanje zokucutshungulwa kwempushana empeleni zilethe ukukhula kwezinhlanganisela ze-boron carbide-based ceramic-metal compounds. (ama-cermets) kanye nezinhlaka ze-nano-laminated ezithuthukisa ukumelana ne-multi-hit– isidingo esibalulekile samabutho ahlomile kanye nezicelo zomthetho.
Lezi zinto ezinjiniyela zigcina ukusebenza kahle kokuvikela ngisho nangemva komphumela wokuqala, ukuxazulula umkhawulo obalulekile wezikhali ze-monolithic ceramic.
3. I-Neutron Absorption kanye ne-Nuclear Design Applications
3.1 Ukusebenzisana Neutron Thermal kanye Quick
Ngaphandle kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zemishini, i-boron carbide powder idlala indima ebalulekile ekusungulweni kwe-nuclear ngenxa yokumuncwa okuphezulu kwe-neutron kwe-isotope ye-¹⁰ B. (3837 izinqolobane ze-neutron ezishisayo).
Lapho ihlanganiswe ezigxotsheni zokulawula, ukuvikela imikhiqizo, noma ama-neutron detectors, I-boron carbide ilawula kahle ukusabela kwe-fission ngokurekhoda ama-neutron futhi idlule ku-¹⁰ B( n, a) eziyisikhombisa Li impendulo yenuzi, ukudala izingcezu ze-alpha nama-ion e-lithium afakwa kalula.
Leli khaya lilenza libaluleke kakhulu kuma-activators amanzi anomfutho (Ama-PWR), abilayo ama-reactors amanzi (Ama-BWRs), kanye nama-reactor ocwaningo, lapho ukulawulwa kwe-neutron ethile kuyadingeka ekusebenzeni okungenabungozi.
Impushana ivame ukwenziwa ibe ngama-pellets, izembozo, noma kusatshalaliswa ngaphakathi kwensimbi noma kumatikuletsheni we-ceramic ukuze kwakhiwe izinto zokudonsa eziyinhlanganisela ezinezindawo zokuhlala ezishisayo nezemishini noma ezohwebo..
3.2 Ukuzinza Ngaphansi Kokushiswa Kwemisebe kanye Nokusebenza Kwesikhathi Eside
Inzuzo ebalulekile ye-boron carbide kuzilungiselelo zenuzi ukuphepha kwayo okushisayo okuphakeme kanye nokumelana nemisebe cishe amazinga okushisa adlulayo. 1000 °C.
Noma kunjalo, i-neutron irradiation enwetshiwe ingaholela ekwakhekeni kwegesi ye-helium kusuka ku- (n, a) impendulo, okubangela ukuvuvukala, i-microcracking, kanye nokucekelwa phansi kobuqotho bemishini– umuzwa obizwa ngokuthi “i-helium embrittlement.”
Ukunciphisa lokhu, abacwaningi benza ukwakheka kwe-boron carbide enezidakamizwa (isib., nge-silicon noma i-titanium) kanye nezitayela eziyinhlanganisela ezivumela ukwethulwa kwegesi futhi zilondoloze ukuvikeleka kobukhulu phakathi nempilo yesevisi ebanzi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunothiswa kwe-isotopic kwe-¹⁰ B kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kokuthwebula i-neutron kuyilapho kunciphisa isamba somthamo womkhiqizo odingekayo, ukuthuthukisa ukuguquguquka komklamo we-activator.
4. Ukuhlanganiswa Okusafufusa Nokuthuthukile Kwezobuchwepheshe
4.1 Ukukhiqiza Okungeziwe kanye Nezingxenye Ezihlelwe Ngokusebenza
Ukuthuthuka kwakamuva ekukhiqizeni okungeziwe kwe-ceramic kuvumele ukuphrinta kwe-3D kwezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-boron carbide kusetshenziswa amasu afana ne-binder jetting kanye ne-stereolithography..
Kulezi zinqubo, I-boron carbide powder enkulu iboshwe ngokunembile ungqimba ngongqimba, kulandelwa ukubopha kanye ne-high-temperature sintering ukuze kufinyelele ukushuba okugcwele.
Leli khono lenza ukukhiqizwa kwamajiyometri okuvikela i-neutron yomuntu siqu, izinhlaka ze-latticework ezikwazi ukumelana nomthelela, kanye namasistimu ezinto eziningi lapho i-boron carbide ihlanganiswe nezinsimbi noma ama-polymers ekuhlelweni okulinganiselwe ngokusebenza.
Izakhiwo ezinjalo zithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle ngokuhlanganisa ubulukhuni, amandla, kanye nokusebenza kwesisindo engxenyeni eyodwa, ukuvula imingcele emisha kwezokuvikela, i-aerospace, kanye nomklamo wenuzi.
4.2 Izicelo Zezimboni Ezinokushisa Okuphezulu Nezivimbeli Ukugqokwa
Ngaphandle kwezinkundla zokuvikela kanye nezenuzi, I-boron carbide powder isetshenziswa emibhobolweni yokunciphisa amanzi ejethi engathandeki, ama-sandblasting liners, kanye nokuqeda ukumelana nokuguga ngenxa yokuqina kwayo okuqinile kanye nokungabi namandla kwamakhemikhali.
Idlula i-tungsten carbide ne-alumina kuzilungiselelo ezigugulekayo, ikakhulukazi uma kuvezwe esihlabathini se-silica noma ezinye izinhlayiya eziqinile.
Kwezensimbi, isebenza njengolayini ongagugi wama-hopper, uyawa, namaphampu anakekela ama-slurries amabi.
Ukuminyana kwayo okunciphile (~ 2.52 g/cm EZINE) okwengeziwe kuthuthukisa ukukhanga kwayo kumadivayisi eselula kanye nesisindo esibucayi.
Njengoba izinga lempushana lithuthuka futhi licubungula impumelelo yobuchwepheshe besimanje, I-boron carbide isilungele ukukhula ibe izinhlelo zokusebenza zesizukulwane esilandelayo kubandakanya nemikhiqizo ye-thermoelectric, ama-semiconductor neutron detectors, kanye nokuvikela imisebe emkhathini.
Ekugcineni, i-boron carbide powder imele into eyisisekelo ekwakhiweni kwemvelo ngokwedlulele, ukuhlanganisa ukuqina okuphezulu kakhulu, ukumuncwa kwe-neutron, kanye nokuqina okushisayo endaweni eyodwa, uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-ceramic.
Indima yayo ekuvikeleni izimpilo, ukuvumela amandla e-athomu, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezimboni okuthuthukayo kugqamisa ukubaluleka kwamasu kubuchwepheshe besimanje.
Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo ku-powder synthesis, isitayela se-microstructural, nokwenza ukuhlanganisa, I-boron carbide izoqhubeka nokuba phambili ekuthuthukisweni kwezinto ezintsha emashumini eminyaka azayo.
5. Umsabalalisi
I-RBOSCHCO ingumnikezeli wempahla yamakhemikhali othembekile emhlabeni jikelele & umkhiqizi one-over 12 isipiliyoni seminyaka ekuhlinzekeni amakhemikhali ekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu namaNanomaterials. Inkampani ithumela emazweni amaningi, njenge-USA, Canada, EYurophu, I-UAE, Iningizimu Afrika, eTanzania, Kenya, iGibhithe, eNigeria, eCameroon, Uganda, igalikuni, Mexico, I-Azerbaijan, EBelgium, eKhupro, I-Czech Republic, Brazil, eChile, E-Argentina, I-Dubai, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Thailand, I-Malaysia, I-Indonesia, Australia,EJalimane, France, Italy, Portugal njll. Njengomkhiqizi ohamba phambili wokuthuthukiswa kwe-nanotechnology, I-RBOSCHCO ibusa imakethe. Ithimba lethu lomsebenzi ochwepheshe linikeza izixazululo eziphelele ukusiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwezimboni ezihlukahlukene, dala inani, futhi ubhekane kalula nezinselele ezihlukahlukene. Uma ufuna intengo ye-boron carbide nge-kg, sicela ukhululeke ukuxhumana nathi futhi uthumele uphenyo.
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