1. Isi ihe kemịkalụ na nhazi nke Boron Carbide
1.1 Crystallography na Stoichiometric Iregularity
(Ọkpụkpụ Boron Carbide)
boron carbide (B ₄C) bụ ihe seramiiki na-abụghị ọla nke a ma ama maka isi ike ya dị egwu, nkwụsi ike thermal, na ike absorption neutron, idobe ya n'ime ngwaahịa ndị kacha sie ike mara– gafere naanị cubic boron nitride na diamond.
Usoro kristal ya dabere na lattice rhombohedral nke nwere 12-atom icosahedra mejupụtara. (nke mbụ B ₁₁ ma ọ bụ B ₁₁ C) jikọtara ya na ụdọ C-B-C linear ma ọ bụ C-B-B, eke a atọ akụkụ covalent netwọk na-enye phenomenal n'ibu siri ike.
N'adịghị ka ọtụtụ seramiki nwere stoichiometry kwụ ọtọ, boron carbide na-egosiputa nnukwu mgbanwe nke nhazi ihe, na-adịkarị site na B ₄ C ruo B ₁. Ise C, n'ihi ngbanwe nke carbon carbon n'ime icosahedra na ụdọ nhazi.
Nke a na-ezighi ezi na-emetụta ụlọ obibi ma ọ bụ ụlọ ahịa dị mkpa dị ka isi ike, eletriki conductivity, na thermal neutron weghara cross-ngalaba, na-enye ohere maka nzigharị ihe onwunwe dabere na ọnọdụ njikọ na ngwa a họpụtara.
Ọnụnọ nke mmejọ ebumpụta ụwa na nsogbu dị na ntọala atọm na-enye aka n'otu aka ahụ n'omume ọrụ ya pụrụ iche, gụnyere mmetụta a maara dị ka “amorphization n'okpuru nrụgide” na nnukwu nrụgide, nke nwere ike igbochi arụmọrụ na ọnọdụ mmetụta siri ike.
1.2 Synthesis na Powder Morphology Control
A na-emepụta ntụ ntụ carbide boron site na mbelata carbonothermal dị elu nke boron oxide (B ₂ O ATO) nwere akụrụngwa carbon dị ka petroleum coke ma ọ bụ graphite n'ime ọkụ arc eletrik na okpomọkụ dị n'etiti. 1800 Celsius C na 2300 Celsius C.
Azịza ya na-aga n'ihu dị ka: B ABỤỌ O ATO + 7C → 2B ₄ C + 6CO, na-emepụta ntụ ntụ kristal siri ike nke na-achọ ka egwe ọka na-adị ọcha na-esote iji nweta ntaramahụhụ, submicron ma ọ bụ nanoscale bits kwesịrị ekwesị maka ngwa ọhụrụ.
Ụzọ dị iche iche dị ka mkpuchi ikuku mmiri ọgwụ na-enyere laser aka (CVD), nhazi sol-gel, na mechanochemical synthesis na-enye ụzọ iji nweta ịdị ọcha dị elu yana nhazi nha nha nha nha, ọ bụ ezie na a na-amachikarị ha site na scalability na ọnụahịa.
Njirimara ntụ ntụ– gụnyere nha nha, udi, jumble steeti, na kemịkalụ elu mpaghara– bụ nkọwa dị mkpa na-emetụta sinterability, njupụta njupụta, na arụmọrụ mmewere ikpeazụ.
Dị ka ihe atụ, nanoscale boron carbide powders na-egosi nkwalite sintering kinetics n'ihi ike elu elu, na-eme ka densification na-ebelata okpomọkụ, Otú ọ dị, ọ dị mfe ịnweta oxidation ma chọọ ebe nchekwa dị n'oge njikwa na njikwa.
A na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na mkpuchi nke nwere carbon ma ọ bụ silicon iji mee ka mgbasawanye ma gbochie mmepe ọka n'oge nkwụsị ụgwọ..
( Ọkpụkpụ Boron Carbide)
2. Ebe obibi na arụrụ arụ na usoro egwuregwu bọọlụ
2.1 Nkwụsi ike, Ike mgbawa, na Yiri Nguzogide
Boron carbide ntụ ntụ bụ onye na-ebute ụzọ n'etiti ngwaahịa ngwa agha kachasị dị arọ nke a na-enweta ngwa ngwa, n'ihi ike ya Vickers nke gburugburu 30– 35 Nkezi ọkwa ọkwa, nke na-enye ya ohere ịkwatu na ngwa ngwa na-abata projectiles dị ka mgbọ na shrapnel.
Mgbe etinyere ya na taịlị seramiiki siri ike ma ọ bụ tinye ya na sistemu ọta mejupụtara, boron carbide karịrị ígwè na alumina na ndabere maka ịdị arọ, na-eme ka ọ dị mma maka nchekwa ndị ọrụ, ọta ụgbọ ala, na nchekwa ikuku.
Ka o sina dị, n'agbanyeghị oke isi ike ya, boron carbide ebelatawo mgbawa siri ike nke ọma (2.5– 3.5 MPa · m¹ / ABỤỌ), na-eme ka ọ dị mfe imebi n'okpuru mmetụta mpaghara ma ọ bụ nbudata ugboro ugboro.
Nke a na-agbaji agbaji na-akawanye njọ na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu, ebe usoro ọdịda siri ike dị ka ịkwanye banding na amorphization nke na-akpata nrụgide nwere ike iweta mbibi dị egwu nke iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nhazi..
Ọmụmụ nyocha na-aga n'ihu na-elekwasị anya na nhazi microstructural– dị ka iwebata usoro nke abụọ (eg, silicon carbide ma ọ bụ carbon nanotubes), na-emepụta ihe mgbagwoju anya na-arụ ọrụ, ma ọ bụ na-eme iwu architectures– iji belata ihe mgbochi ndị a.
2.2 Mgbasa ike Ballistic na ike ọtụtụ ihe
Na sistemu agha nkeonwe na nke ụgbọ ala, A na-akwadokarị taịlị boron carbide site na ihe mejupụtara polymer gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ (eg, Kevlar ma ọ bụ UHMWPE) nke na-etinye ume kinetic fọdụrụnụ ma nwee nkewa.
N'elu mmetụta, oyi akwa seramiiki na-agbawa n'ụzọ a haziri ahazi, na-ekesa ike na sistemu gụnyere nkewa ahụ, intergranular mmebi, na nkwalite ogbo.
Nnukwu ihe owuwu ọka sitere na ịdị ọcha dị elu, nanoscale boron carbide ntụ ntụ na-akwalite usoro nnabata ike ndị a site n'ịkwalite oke oke ọka nke na-egbochi mmụba nkewa..
Ihe ohuru ohuru ugbu a na nhazi uzuzu ebutela uto nke ogige seramiiki-metal dabere na boron carbide. (cermets) na nano-laminated frameworks na-akwalite multi-kụrụ nguzogide– ihe dị oke mkpa maka ndị agha na ngwa mmanye iwu.
Ihe ndị a emepụtara na-edobe arụmọrụ nchekwa ọbụlagodi mgbe nsonaazụ mbụ gasịrị, na-edozi mmachi dị mkpa nke ihe agha seramiiki monolithic.
3. Ntinye Neutron na Ngwa Nhazi Nuklia
3.1 Mmekọrịta na Thermal na ngwa ngwa Neutrons
N'ofè n'ibu ngwa, boron carbide ntụ ntụ na-arụ ọrụ dị oke mkpa na mmepụta ihe ọhụrụ nke nuklia n'ihi nnukwu akụkụ absorption nke neutron nke ¹⁰ B isotope. (3837 barns maka thermal neutrons).
Mgbe etinyere n'ime ogwe njikwa, na-echekwa ngwaahịa, ma ọ bụ ihe nchọpụta neutron, boron carbide na-achịkwa mmeghachi omume fission nke ọma site na ịdekọ neutron na ịgafe ¹⁰ B( n, a) asaa Li nuklia nzaghachi, na-emepụta iberibe alfa na ion lithium nke a na-etinye ngwa ngwa.
Ụlọ a na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe dị mkpa na ndị na-arụ ọrụ mmiri (Ndị PWR), esi mmiri reactors (BWRs), na nyocha reactors, ebe njikwa mgbanwe neutron kpọmkwem dị mkpa maka ọrụ na-enweghị ihe ize ndụ.
A na-emepụta ntụ ntụ ugboro ugboro ka ọ bụrụ pellets, mkpuchi, ma ọ bụ gbasaa n'ime ígwè ma ọ bụ seramiiki matrices iji mepụta ihe ndị mejupụtara ihe mejupụtara ya na ụlọ obibi ma ọ bụ ụlọ ahịa ahaziri ahazi..
3.2 Nkwụsi ike n'okpuru irradiation na arụ ọrụ ogologo oge
Uru dị oke mkpa nke boron carbide na ntọala nuklia bụ nchekwa ọkụ ya dị elu yana nguzogide radieshon dị ka ọkwa okpomọkụ karịrị 1000 Celsius C.
Ka o sina dị, Mgbatị neutron gbatịrị agbatị nwere ike ime ka helium gas wulite site na (n, a) nzaghachi, na-eme ka ọzịza, microcracking, na nbibi nke iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe– ihe mmetụta a na-akpọ “helium ebrittlement.”
Iji belata nke a, ndị na-eme nchọpụta na-emepụta usoro ọgwụ boron carbide (eg, na silicon ma ọ bụ titanium) na ụdị agwakọta nke na-anabata mmalite gas ma chekwaa nchekwa akụkụ n'ime ogologo ndụ ọrụ.
Na mgbakwunye, Isotopic nkwalite nke ¹⁰ B na-eme ka arụ ọrụ nke neutron dịkwuo elu ma na-ebelata mkpokọta ngwaahịa a na-akpọ maka, melite activator imewe mgbanwe.
4. Ngwakọta teknụzụ na-apụta na nke dị elu
4.1 Mmepụta mgbakwunye na ihe ndị nwere akara arụrụ arụ
Ọganihu na-adịbeghị anya na mmepụta ihe mgbakwunye seramiiki enyela ohere ibipụta 3D nke boron carbide ihe mgbagwoju anya site na iji usoro dị ka jetting binder na stereolithography..
Na usoro ndị a, nnukwu boron carbide ntụ ntụ bụ kpomkwem kechie oyi akwa site oyi akwa, gbadoro anya site na debinding na oke okpomoku sintering ka iru nso-zuru ọkpụrụkpụ.
Ikike a na-enyere aka n'ịmepụta neutron ahaziri ahazi geometry, ụkpụrụ latticework na-eguzogide mmetụta, na usoro ihe dị iche iche ebe boron carbide jikọtara ya na nchara ma ọ bụ polymers na nhazi ọkwa arụ ọrụ..
Ihe owuwu ndị dị otú ahụ na-eme ka arụmọrụ dịkwuo mma site na ijikọta ike, ike, na ịdị irè dị arọ n'otu akụkụ, imeghe ókèala ọhụrụ na nchekwa, ikuku ikuku, na imepụta nuklia.
4.2 Ngwa ụlọ ọrụ na-eguzogide oke okpomọkụ na eyi
Ewezuga nchekwa na mpaghara nuklia, A na-eji boron carbide ntụ ntụ mee ihe na mmiri jet na-adịghị mma na-ebelata nozzles, ihe mkpuchi ájá ájá, na-eyi na-eguzogide agwụ n'ihi na ya siri ike siri ike na chemical inertness.
Ọ karịrị tungsten carbide na alumina n'ime ntọala erosive, karịsịa mgbe ekpughere ya na ájá silica ma ọ bụ ihe ndị ọzọ siri ike.
Na metallurgy, ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ihe mkpuchi na-eguzogide ọgwụ maka hoppers, dara, na nfuli na-elekọta slurries siri ike.
Ya belatara njupụta (~ 2.52 g/cm anọ) ọzọ boosts ya mmasị na mobile na arọ-enwe mmetụta nke ulo oru ngwaọrụ.
Ka àgwà ntụ ntụ na-akawanye mma ma na-edozi ọganihu teknụzụ ọgbara ọhụrụ, boron carbide dị njikere ịbawanye n'ime ngwa ọgbọ na-abịa gụnyere ngwaahịa ọkụ ọkụ, ihe nchọpụta neutron semiconductor, na mkpuchi radieshon dabere na oghere.
N'ikpeazụ, boron carbide ntụ ntụ na-anọchi anya ihe ntọala na oke-gburugburu imewe, na-ejikọta ultra-high solidity, neutron absorption, na thermal anwụ ngwa ngwa na a naanị ya, arụ ọrụ seramiiki usoro.
Ọrụ ya n'ichekwa ndụ, na-ekwe ka atomiki ume, na ọganihu ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na-eme ka ọ pụta ìhè mkpa atụmatụ ya na nkà na ụzụ ọgbara ọhụrụ.
Na ọganihu na-aga n'ihu na nchịkọta ntụ ntụ, ụdị microstructural, na-eme ka mwekota, boron carbide ga-aga n'ihu na-ebute ụzọ na mmepe ihe ọhụrụ ruo ọtụtụ iri afọ n'ihu.
5. Onye nkesa
RBOSCHCO bụ onye na-ebubata kemịkalụ zuru ụwa ọnụ ntụkwasị obi & emeputa na ihe karịrị 12 ahụmịhe afọ n'inye kemịkalụ dị oke mma na Nanomaterials. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-ebupụ n'ọtụtụ mba, dị ka USA, Canada, Europe, UAE, South Africa, Tanzania, Kenya, Egypt, Nigeria, Cameroon, Uganda, toro toro, Mexico, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Saịprọs, Czech Republic, Brazil, Chile, Argentina, Dubai, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Ọstrelia,Germany, France, Ịtali, Portugal wdg. Dịka onye nrụpụta mmepe nanotechnology na-eduga, RBOSCHCO na-achị ahịa. Ndị otu ọrụ ọkachamara anyị na-enye ngwọta zuru oke iji nyere aka melite arụmọrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche, mepụta uru, na mfe ịnagide nsogbu dị iche iche. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-achọ Ọnụ ego boron carbide kwa kilogram, biko nweere onwe gị ịkpọtụrụ anyị wee ziga ajụjụ.
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