1. Ihe ndabere ngwaahịa na Njirimara Crystallographic
1.1 Nhazi ọkwa na omume Polymorphic
(Ihe mgbochi seramiiki alumina)
Alumina (Al ₂ O Abụọ), kpọmkwem n'ụdị α-phase ya, bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị tinye n'ọrụ teknuzu porcelains n'ihi ya ahụkebe itule nke n'ibu ike, kemịkalụ inertness, na thermal nche.
Ọ bụ ezie na aluminom oxide dị n'ọtụtụ ọkwa metastable (c, d, i, Maazị), α-alumina bụ usoro kristal na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na okpomọkụ, mara ya site na nnukwu hexagonal juru n'ọnụ (HCP) atụmatụ nke ion oxygen nwere cations aluminom na-ebi ụzọ abụọ n'ụzọ atọ nke saịtị interstitial octahedral..
Nke a zụtara kpuchie, mara dị ka diamond, na-enye ume lattice dị elu yana njikọ ion-covalent siri ike, na-eme ka ebe mgbaze nke siri ike 2054 Celsius C na iguzogide mmelite oge n'okpuru nsogbu okpomọkụ siri ike.
Mgbanwe site na aluminas mgbanwe gaa na α-Al ₂ O abụọ na-emekarị karịa 1100 Celsius C na-esonyere ya na nnukwu mbelata olu na mfu nke elu, ime ka njikwa usoro dị mkpa n'oge niile na-agbagharị.
Ihe mgbochi α-alumina dị ọcha (> 99.5% Al ₂ O ₃) gosipụta arụmọrụ dị ịrịba ama na ntọala dị oke egwu, mgbe ala-ọkwa Ọdịdị (90– 95%) nwere ike ịnwe usoro nke abụọ dị ka usoro njedebe ọka mullite ma ọ bụ ugegbe maka ngwa dị ọnụ ala.
1.2 Microstructure na Mechanical eziokwu
A na-emetụta arụmọrụ nke alumina seramiiki blocks nke ukwuu site na njirimara microstructural gụnyere nha ọka., porosity, na njikọta ọnụ ala ọka.
Microstructures mara mma (ọka akụkụ < 5 µm) normally provide greater flexural strength (as much as 400 MPa) and improved fracture toughness contrasted to grainy counterparts, as smaller grains hinder fracture propagation.
Porosity, ọbụlagodi na ọkwa dị ala (1– 5%), na-ebelata n'ike n'ike ume n'ibu na ọkụ conductivity, na-achọ densification zuru oke site na ụzọ nrịbama enyere aka dị ka ịpị ọkụ ma ọ bụ ịpị isostatic dị ọkụ. (HIP).
A na-ewebata ngwa ngwa dị ka MgO n'ọtụtụ ọnụọgụ (≈ 0.1 wt%) iji gbochie mmepe ọka na-adịghị mma n'oge sintering, n'ịhụ na microstructure na-agbanwe agbanwe na nkwụsi ike akụkụ.
Ihe mgbochi seramiiki a na-esi na ya pụta na-egosipụta isi ike dị elu (≈ 1800 HV), ikesi eyi ike, ma belata ọnụ ọgụgụ na-akpụ akpụ na ọkwa okpomọkụ dị elu, na-eme ka ha kwesị ekwesị maka ibu ibu na gburugburu ebe siri ike.
2. Usoro mmepụta na nhazi
( Ihe mgbochi seramiiki alumina)
2.1 Ọrụ nkwadebe ntụ ntụ na usoro nhazi
Mmepụta ihe mgbochi seramiiki alumina na-amalite site na ntụ ntụ alumina dị ọcha sitere na bauxite calcined site na usoro Bayer ma ọ bụ jiri mmiri ozuzo ma ọ bụ sol-gel rụọ ya maka ịdị ọcha dị elu..
A na-etu ntụ ntụ iji nweta nkesa nha slim bit, na-akwalite njupụta njupụta na sinterability.
Ịmepụta n'ime geometry dị nso ka ejiri usoro mmepe dị iche iche mechaa: ịpị uniaxial maka ngọngọ kwụ ọtọ, isostatic ịpị njupụta otu n'ụdị mgbagwoju anya, extrusion maka ogologo ebe, na nkedo slide maka akụkụ dị mgbagwoju anya ma ọ bụ nnukwu.
Usoro ọ bụla na-emetụta njupụta ahụ na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na homogeneity, nke kwụ ọtọ mmetụta ikpeazụ residential Njirimara mgbe sintering.
Maka ngwa arụmọrụ dị elu, Enwere ike iji nhazi dị elu dị ka nkedo teepu ma ọ bụ gel-nkedo iji nweta njikwa akụkụ dị elu yana nkwekọ microstructural..
2.2 Sintering na Post-Processing
Ịgbagharị n'ikuku na ọkwa okpomọkụ dị n'etiti 1600 Celsius C na 1750 Celsius C na-enye ohere densification na-akpata mgbasa, ebe bit olu na-eto ma pores na-ebelata, na-eme ka ahụ seramiiki gbara oke kpamkpam.
Ambience njikwa na kpọmkwem thermal profaịlụ dị mkpa iji zere bloating, agha, ma ọ bụ nkwekọrịta dị iche.
Usoro post-sintering mejupụtara diamond egweri, ịra ụra, na polishing iji rụzuo ike nnabata na ire ụtọ n'elu mkpuchi a na-akpọ maka ichebe, na-efegharị efegharị, ma ọ bụ ngwa anya.
Mbelata Laser na igwe ụgbọ mmiri na-enye ohere ịhazi onwe ya nke ọma nke ngọngọ geometry na-enweghị ịkpata nrụgide okpomọkụ na nchekasị.
Ngwọta dị n'elu dị ka mkpuchi alumina ma ọ bụ splashing plasma nwere ike ịbawanye iyi ma ọ bụ nguzogide corrosion na ọnọdụ ọrụ pụrụ iche..
3. Ngwongwo bara uru na nha arụmọrụ
3.1 Thermal na Eletriki àgwà
Ihe mgbochi seramiiki alumina na-egosiputa nrụpụta ọkụ na-agafeghị oke (20– 35 W/(m · K)), dị elu karịa polymers na iko, na-eme ka o kwe omume ikpochapụ okpomọkụ a pụrụ ịdabere na ya na usoro nchịkwa eletrik na okpomọkụ.
Ha na-echekwa ịkwụwa aka ọtọ n'ụdị 1600 Celsius C na oxidizing ambiences, na obere okpomọkụ okpomọkụ (≈ 8 ppm/K), na-agbakwunye na nguzogide ujo dị egwu mgbe emepụtara nke ọma.
Ha elu eletriki resistivity (> 10 ¹⁴ Ω · cm) na ike dielectric (> 15 kV/mm) mee ka ha bụrụ ezigbo ihe mkpuchi ọkụ eletrik na ntọala voltaji dị elu, nke gụnyere nnyefe ike, ngwa ngbanwe, na usoro agụụ.
Dielectric na-agbanwe agbanwe (εᵣ≈ 9– 10) na-anọgide na-eguzo n'elu nnukwu ụdị oge niile, na-ejigide ojiji na ngwa RF na ngwa microwave.
Ụlọ ndị a na-ekwe ka ihe mgbochi alumina rụọ ọrụ nke ọma na ntọala ebe ngwaahịa sitere n'okike ga-emebi ma ọ bụ kwụsị ịrụ ọrụ.
3.2 Kemịkalụ na Ecological Resilience
Otu n'ime ihe kachasị baa uru nke alumina blocks bụ nguzogide ha dị egwu na iku kemịkalụ.
Ha na-enweghi oke acid (ndị ọzọ karịa hydrofluoric na ọkụ phosphoric acid), alkalis (na ụfọdụ solubility na ike caustics na elu okpomọkụ), na nnu a wụrụ awụ, na-eme ka ha dị mma maka nhazi kemịkal, semiconductor ewu, na ngwaọrụ njikwa mmetọ.
Omume ha na-adịghị ewe mmiri nwere ọtụtụ nchara na slags a wụrụ awụ na-enye ohere iji ya mee ihe n'ime crucibles, sheaths nke thermocouple, na ọkụ linings.
Na mgbakwunye, alumina anaghị egbu egbu, biocompatible, na radieshon na-eguzogide, na-abawanye uru ya n'ime ntinye ọgwụ, ihe nchebe nuklia, na aerospace akụkụ.
Opekempe mpụ na ikuku ikuku na-ehicha ihe na-eme ka ọ tozuo ya maka oghere dị oke elu. (UHV) usoro na ọmụmụ na semiconductor mmepụta.
4. Ngwa ụlọ ọrụ na njikọta teknụzụ
4.1 Akụkụ ihe owuwu na eyi na-eguzogide
Ihe mgbochi seramiiki alumina na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ihe ndị dị mkpa na-eyi uwe na ngalaba dị iche iche site na iwepụta ruo na mmepụta akwụkwọ.
A na-eji ha dị ka lining na chutes, ihe nkwụnye ego, na cyclones iji guzogide abrasion site na slurries, ntụ ntụ, na ngwaahịa granular, na-agbatị ogologo ndụ nke ukwuu ma e jiri ya tụnyere ígwè.
Na n'ibu akara na bearings, alumina obstructs na-enye mbelata rubbing, elu isi ike, na nguzogide corrosion, na-ebelata nlekọta na oge nkwụsị.
A na-ejikọta ngọngọ ndị nwere ụdị omenala n'ime mbenata ngwaọrụ, anwụ, na nozzles ebe nchekwa akụkụ na njigide akụkụ dị oke mkpa.
Ọdịdị ha dị ọkụ (ọkpụrụkpụ ≈ 3.9 g/cm ise) na-enyekwa aka n'ịkwakọba ọnụ ahịa ike na ịkwaga akụrụngwa.
4.2 Advanced Design na ịrị elu na-eji
Na-agafe ahụkarị ọrụ, A na-eji ihe mgbochi alumina eme ihe nke nta nke nta na sistemụ teknụzụ dị elu.
Na ngwaọrụ eletrọnịkị, ha na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ihe nchebe substrates, ikpo ọkụ, na laser eze caries ọcha n'ihi na ha thermal na dielectric ụlọ.
Na sistemu ike, ha na-eje ozi dị ka cell oxide mmanụ ụgbọala (SOFC) akụkụ, batrị separators, na ngwakọta activator plasma-eche ihu ihe.
Mmepụta mgbakwunye alumina site n'iji jetting njide ma ọ bụ stereolithography na-apụta, na-eme ka o kwe omume maka geometry gbagwojuru anya nke na-enweghị ike inweta ya na ịmepụta omenala.
Crossbreed frameworks na-ejikọta alumina na ígwè ma ọ bụ polymers site na brazing ma ọ bụ na-agba ọkụ ka a na-eguzobe maka usoro multifunctional na mbara igwe na nchebe..
Ka nyocha sayensị ihe onwunwe na-aga n'ihu, Alumina seramiiki blocks na-aga n'ihu na-aga n'ihu site na ihe nhazi ihe na-agafe agafe banye na ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ na arụmọrụ dị elu., ngwọta injinia na-adịgide adịgide.
Na nchịkọta, alumina seramiiki blocks guzo maka klaasị ntọala nke poselin dị elu, na-ejikọta arụmọrụ n'ibu na-adịgide adịgide yana kemịkalụ phenomenal na nchekwa ọkụ.
Ha mma gafee ulo oru, eletrọnịkị, na ngalaba sayensị na-egosipụta uru na-adịgide adịgide ha na nhazi nke oge a na uto teknụzụ ọgbara ọhụrụ.
5. Onye nkesa
Ụlọ ọrụ Alumina Technology Co., Ltd., Ltd gbadoro anya na nyocha na mmepe, mmepụta na ire nke aluminom oxide ntụ ntụ, aluminum oxide ngwaahịa, aluminum oxide crucible, wdg., na-eje ozi na ngwá electronic, ceramik, chemical na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ. Kemgbe e guzobere ya na 2005, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ etinyela aka n'inye ndị ahịa ngwaahịa na ọrụ kacha mma. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-achọ elu mma alumina al2o3, biko nweere onwe gị ịkpọtụrụ anyị.
Tags: Ihe mgbochi seramiiki alumina, Alumina ceramik, alumina
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