Boron has the largest volume of heat, second only to beryllium by weight. Slightly soluble in nitric acid, insoluble in water.Amorphous boron is chemically active. Powder and air can form an explosive mixture. Reduction of boron anhydride by magnesium to produce amorphous boron.For solid ramjet and smokeless clean propellant.Elemental boron is a black or dark brown powder. When oxidized in air, the formation of boron trioxide film prevents further oxidation of the internal boron. It can react with fluorine at room temperature and is not corroded by hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid aqueous solution. Boron is insoluble in water, but in powder form is soluble in boiling nitric and sulfuric acid, and most molten metals such as copper, iron, manganese, aluminum, and calcium.
The preparation methods
1. First of all, sodium metaborate is obtained by decomposition of borax and magnesium with concentrated alkali solution. NaBO2 is crystallized in a strong alkali solution so that it is dissolved in water and becomes a stronger solution. The boric acid crystal with low solubility can be precipitated by dissolving sodium tetraborate in water and adjusting acidity with sulfuric acid. Heat the boric acid dehydration to generate boron trioxide, after drying treatment, with magnesium or aluminum reduction of B2O3 to obtain crude boron. Brown amorphous boron with a purity of 95 ~ 98% can be obtained by treating crude boron with hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, and hydrogen fluoride respectively.
2. The purest elemental boron is prepared by the hydrogen reduction method: the mixture of hydrogen and boron tribromide passes through tantalum wire and is heated to 1500K. Boron tribromide is reduced by hydrogen at high temperatures and the generated boron forms flake or needle structure on tantalum wire.
3, Boron powder is obtained by reducing boron oxide by heating magnesium powder or aluminum powder.
Application
Boron powder can interact with oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, halogen, and carbon at high temperatures to generate various compounds, but also can directly combine with many metals to generate metal boride, also can react with organic compounds to generate organic boron. Used in the semiconductor industry, powder metallurgy additives and thermal spraying, and other surface coating materials.
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