1. Nā Noho Pono a me nā Hana Nanoscale o Silicon ma ka Submicron Frontier
1.1 Hoʻololi ʻo Quantum Confinement a me Electronic Framework
(Nano-Silicon Powder)
Nano-silikona pauda, hana ʻia me nā ʻāpana silika me nā ana kikoʻī i helu ʻia ma lalo nei 100 nanometer, kū no ka hoʻololi maʻamau mai ka silika nui ma nā hana kino a me ka pono hana.
ʻOiai ʻo ka silikoni nui kahi semiconductor bandgap indirect me kahi bandgap o kahi kokoke 1.12 eV, ʻO ka nano-sizing ke kumu i nā hopena quantum arrest e hoʻololi maoli i kāna mau waiwai uila a me ka optical.
I ka wā e hāʻule ai ka nui o ka bit ma lalo o ka exciton Bohr mamao o ke silika (~ 5 nm), ʻO nā mea hoʻolako lawelawe uku e hoʻopau ʻia i ka palena ākea, e alakaʻi ana i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka bandgap a me ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka photoluminescence ʻike ʻia– ʻO kahi manaʻo nele i ka macroscopic silika.
Hiki i ka nano-silicona ke hoʻokuʻu i ke kukui i loko o ka laulā i ʻike ʻia, e lilo ana ia i mea ʻoluʻolu no nā optoelectronics pili i ke silika, kahi i ho'ōki ai ka hana silika maʻamau ma muli o kona kūpono ʻole o ka hoʻohui hou ʻana o ka radiative.
Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka ʻili a me ka nui ma ka nanoscale e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā manaʻo pili i ka ʻili, e pili ana i ka ike kemika, hana catalytic, a me ka launa pū ʻana me nā kahua electromagnetic.
ʻO kēia mau hopena quantum ʻaʻole ia he mau ʻimi kula haʻawina akā hoʻokumu i ke kumu no nā noi o nā hanauna e hiki mai ana i ka mana., hoomaopopo ana, a me ka biomedicine.
1.2 ʻOkoʻokoʻa Morphological a me ka ʻili o ka ʻili
Hiki ke hana ʻia ka pauka Nano-silicon i nā morphologies he nui, me nā nanoparticles spherical, nanowires, nanostructure permeable, a me nā kiko kuantum crystalline, hāʻawi kēlā me kēia i nā pōmaikaʻi kūʻokoʻa e hilinaʻi ana i ka noi i manaʻo ʻia.
Mālama ʻo Crystalline nano-silicon i ka ruby cubic framework o mass silicon akā e hōʻike ana i ka mānoanoa nui o nā pilikia o ka ʻili a me nā paʻa paʻa., pono e hoʻopaʻa i ka mea.
Ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka ʻili– loaʻa maʻamau ma o ka oxidation, hydrosilylation, a i ʻole mea hoʻohui ligand– he kuleana koʻikoʻi i ka ʻike ʻana i ka palekana colloidal, dispersibility, a me ka launa pū ʻana me nā matrices i nā pūhui a i ʻole nā lewa olaola.
I laʻana, Hōʻike ka nano-silicon i hoʻopau ʻia i ka hydrogen i ka sensitivity kiʻekiʻe a hiki i ka oxidation i ka ea, oiai ka alkyl- a i ʻole polyethylene glycol (PEG)-Hōʻike nā ʻāpana i uhi ʻia i ke kūpaʻa a me ka biocompatibility no ka hoʻohana biomedical.
( Nano-Silicon Powder)
ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi papa ʻokikene ʻōiwi (SiOₓ) ma ka ʻili o ka ʻili, ʻoiai ma nā mea liʻiliʻi loa, hoʻololi nui i ka conductivity uila, nā kinetics diffusion lithium-ion, a me nā ʻano hoʻohālikelike, ʻoi aku ma nā polokalamu pākaukau.
ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka kemika o ka ʻili he hopena koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka piha piha o ka nano-silicon i nā ʻōnaehana noʻonoʻo..
2. ʻO nā ʻano hana Synthesis a me nā ʻenehana hana Scalable
2.1 Hoʻolālā luna-lalo: Milling, Kaʻi ʻana, a me Laser Ablation
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale nui ʻia ka hana ʻana o ka pauka nano-silicon i nā ʻenehana top-down a me lalo, kēlā me kēia me ka scalability ʻokoʻa, ka maemae, a me nā ʻano hoʻomalu morphological.
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻenehana top-down i ka hoʻemi kino a i ʻole kemika o ka silika nui i loko o nā ʻāpana nanoscale.
ʻO ka wili ʻana i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe he ʻano hana kālepa i hoʻohana nui ʻia, kahi e hele ai nā ʻāpana silika ma o ka wili ʻana i ka mīkini i loko o nā lewa inert, ke kumu o ka micron- i nā pauka nui nano.
ʻOiai hiki ke kūʻai aku a hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia, Hoʻokomo pinepine kēia ala i nā hemahema aniani, ka hoʻohaumia ʻana mai ka media grating, a me ka holo ana o ka nui o na mea liilii, e kāhea ana i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ma hope o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana.
ʻO ka emi ʻana o ka silica ma ka Magnesiothermic (SiO ELUA) a ukali ʻia e ka leaching waika kahi ala hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia, ʻoi loa i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kumu waiwai silica kūlohelohe a pau ʻole e like me ka husks a i ʻole diatoms., me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi ala mau i ka nano-silikona.
ʻO ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka laser a me ka etching plasma pane ʻoi aku ka pololei o luna-lalo, maikaʻi i ka hana ʻana i ka nano-silikona maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe me ka crystallinity i hoʻoponopono ʻia, akā naʻe ma ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka throughput.
2.2 ʻO nā ala i lalo: ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke kinoea-Phase a me ka Solution-Phase
Hāʻawi ka synthesis lalo i luna i ka mana nui ma luna o ka nui o nā ʻāpana, ʻano, a me ka crystallinity ma ke kūkulu ʻana i nā nanostructure atom e ka atom.
Ka hoʻomoe ʻana i ka mahu kemika (CVD) a me ka plasma-hoʻonui CVD (PECVD) hiki i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka nano-silicona mai nā aeriform forerunners e like me silane (SiH ₄) a i ʻole disilane (Si ₂ H ₆), me nā pae hoʻohālike e like me ka pae wela, kaumaha, a me ka holo kinoea e kuhikuhi ana i ka nucleation a me ka hoʻomohala kinetics.
Pono kēia mau ʻenehana no ka hana ʻana i nā nanocrystals silicon i hoʻokomo ʻia i nā matrices dielectric no nā hāmeʻa optoelectronic..
Hoʻopili-phase synthesis, me nā papa colloidal e hoʻohana ana i nā pūhui organosilicon, hiki i ka hana ʻana o nā kiko kikoʻī silikon monodisperse me nā lōʻihi hawewe pau.
ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe wela o ka silane i loko o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ka supercritical fluid synthesis e hāʻawi pū i ka nano-silicona kiʻekiʻe me nā puʻupuʻu haiki., kūpono no ka hōʻailona biomedical a me ke kiʻi.
ʻOiai ʻo nā ʻenehana lalo-luna e hoʻopuka pinepine i ka maikaʻi kiʻekiʻe o ka honua, ke kū nei lākou i nā pilikia i ka hana nui a me ka maikaʻi o ke kumukūʻai, e koi ana i ka noiʻi mau ʻana i nā kaʻina hana hybrid a me ka holo mau.
3. Nā noi mana: Ke hoʻololi nei i nā Bateri Lithium-Ion a me nā Bateri Lithium
3.1 Dute ma High-Capacity Anodes no nā Bateri Lithium-Ion
ʻO kekahi o nā noi hoʻololi ʻoi loa o ka pauka nano-silicon e hilinaʻi ʻia i ka wahi mālama ikehu, ma ke ʻano he mea anode i loko o nā pākahi lithium-ion (LIBs).
Hāʻawi ʻo Silicon i kahi mana hoʻonaʻauao kūikawā o ~ 3579 mAh/g ma muli o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o Li ₁₅ Si ʻEhā, kahi kokoke 10 mau manawa kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka graphite maʻamau (372 mAh/g).
Eia naʻe, ka hoonui leo nui (~ 300%) i ka wā lithiation e hoʻoulu i ka pulverization particle, nalowale o ka pili uila, a me ka hoʻomau electrolyte interphase (BE) hoʻokumu ʻana, e alakaʻi ana i ka hikiwawe discolor.
Hoʻemi ka Nanostructuring i kēia mau pilikia ma ka hoʻopōkole ʻana i nā papa diffusion lithium, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kāʻei ʻana, a me ka emi ʻana o ka pohā.
Nano-silikona i ke ʻano o nā nanoparticles, nā papa hana permeable, a i ʻole nā ʻōhua yolk-shell e hiki ai i ka maʻalahi ke hoʻoponopono i ka paikikala me ka hoʻoikaika Coulombic pono a me ke ola pōʻai..
Hoʻohui ʻia nā ʻenehana ʻenehana ʻenehana hou i kēia manawa i nā hui nano-silicon (e.g., nā mea hoʻohui kalapona-silika) i nā anodes e hoʻonui i ka mānoanoa o ka mana i nā mea uila uila, nā kaʻa uila, a me nā ʻōnaehana mālama pūnaewele.
3.2 Hiki i ka Sodium-Ion, Potasuma-Ion, a me na Batteri Paa
Ma waho aʻe o nā ʻōnaehana lithium-ion, ke ʻimi ʻia nei ka nano-silicona i nā kemika pākaukau e kū mai ana.
ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka silika me ka paʻakai ma mua o ka lithium, Hoʻonui ka nano-sizing i nā kinetics a hiki ke hoʻokomo i ka Na ⁺ i kaupalena ʻia, e hoʻolilo iā ia i mea manaʻo no nā anodes pākahi sodium-ion, ʻoi aku ka nui i ka wā i hoʻohui ʻia a i hui pū ʻia me ka tin a i ʻole antimony.
I loko o nā ʻōhua paʻa, kahi mea nui ka paʻa mechanical i nā mea hoʻohana electrode-electrolyte, ʻO ka hiki i ka nano-silicon ke hana i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka plastik ma nā pae liʻiliʻi e hōʻemi i ka ʻāʻī o ka interfacial a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻopili ʻana me ka mālama ʻana..
Kahi mea hou aʻe, kona kūlike me ka sulfide- a me ka oxide-based electrolytes ikaika e wehe i nā ala no ka palekana loa, nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka mālama ʻana.
Ke hoʻomau nei ka noiʻi i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka mea hoʻohana a me nā ala prelithiation e lawe pono i ka lōʻihi a me ka pono o nā electrodes nano-silicon-based..
4. Nā Kūlana Kūlana ma Photonics, Biomedicine, a me nā Huahana Hoʻohui
4.1 Nā noi ma Optoelectronics a me Quantum Light
ʻO nā hale photoluminescent o nano-siliconi ua hoʻoikaika hou i nā hana e hana i nā hāmeʻa hoʻoheheʻe kukui i hoʻokumu ʻia., he paʻakikī lōʻihi i nā photonics i hoʻohui ʻia.
ʻAʻole like me ka silika nui, Hiki ke hōʻike maikaʻi nā kiko kikoʻī nano-silicon, photoluminescence hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia i ka ʻike ʻike ʻia i ka ʻaoʻao kokoke-infrared, hiki i ke kumu o nā kukui i kūpono me ka hoʻohui metala-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) mea hou.
Hoʻokomo ʻia kēia mau mea nano i loko o nā diodes māmā (Nā LED), nā mea nānā kiʻi, a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe i hoʻohui ʻia i ka nalu no nā mea hoʻopili optical a me ke kiʻi ʻana i nā noi.
Eia kekahi, hōʻike ʻia ka nano-silikona i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻili i ka pauku hoʻokahi-photon ma lalo o nā hoʻonohonoho pilikia, ka waiho ʻana ma ke ʻano he ʻōnaehana hiki no ka hoʻoili ʻike quantum a me ka kamaʻilio paʻa.
4.2 Nā noi lāʻau lapaʻau a me ke kaiaola
I ka biomedicine, ʻO ka pauka nano-silicon ke loaʻa ka hoihoi ma ke ʻano he biocompatible, hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa maoli, a me nā mea ʻawaʻawa ʻole i nā kiko kuantum-metala kaumaha no ka bioimaging a me ka lawe ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau.
Hiki ke hoʻolālā ʻia nā ʻāpana nano-silicon i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻili e huli i nā cell kikoʻī, hoʻomaka i nā mea lapaʻau e hana i ka pH a i ʻole nā enzymes, a hāʻawi i ka nānā ʻana i ka fluorescence manawa maoli.
ʻO kā lākou luku ʻana i loko o ka waikawa silicic (A(OH)EHA), he mea hana maoli a hiki ke hemo, hōʻemi i nā pilikia ʻona lōʻihi.
Eia hou, Ke nānā ʻia nei ka nano-silicona no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ke kaiaola, e like me ka luku ʻana i ka photocatalytic o nā mea haumia ma lalo o ka mālamalama ʻike ʻia a i ʻole he ʻelele hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā kaʻina hana wai..
I nā mea hoʻohuihui, hoʻomaikaʻi ka nano-silicon i ka ikaika mechanical, paʻa wela, a hoʻopaʻa i ka pale ke hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o nā metala, seramika, a i ʻole nā polymers, ʻoi loa i nā ʻāpana aerospace a me nā mea kaʻa.
I ka hopena, kū ka pauka nano-silicon ma ke ala o ka nanoscience kumu a me ka hana hou.
ʻO kāna hui ʻokoʻa o nā hopena quantum, kiʻekiʻe reactivity, a me ka maʻalahi a puni ka mana, mea uila, a ke hoʻoikaika nei ka ʻepekema ola i kāna hana ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoikaika koʻikoʻi o nā ʻenehana hou o kēia wā.
E like me ka holomua ʻana o nā ʻenehana synthesis a me nā pilikia hoʻohui, E hoʻomau ka nano-silicon i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hana kiʻekiʻe, mau loa, a me nā ʻōnaehana waiwai multifunctional.
5. Mea hoolako
ʻO TRUNNANO kahi mea hoʻolako o Spherical Tungsten Powder me ka ʻoi aku 12 mau makahiki o ka ʻike i ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu kūkulu nano a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka nanotechnology. ʻAe ia i ka uku ma o Kāleka Kāleka, T/T, West Union a me Paypal. E hoʻouna aku ʻo Trunnano i nā waiwai i nā mea kūʻai aku ma waho ma o FedEx, DHL, ma ka lewa, a ma ke kai paha. Inā makemake ʻoe e ʻike hou aku e pili ana i ka Spherical Tungsten Powder, eʻoluʻolu e leka uila iā mākou a hoʻouna i kahi nīnau([email protected]).
Nā huaʻōlelo: Nano-Silicon Powder, Pada Silika, Silika
ʻO nā ʻatikala a me nā kiʻi a pau mai ka Pūnaewele. Inā loaʻa kekahi pilikia kope, e ʻoluʻolu e kelepona mai iā mākou i ka manawa e holoi ai.
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