1. Ngwakọta kemịkalụ na atụmatụ nhazi nke ntụ ntụ Carbide
1.1 B ₄ C Stoichiometry na Atomic Architecture
(Ọkpụkpụ boron carbide)
boron carbide (B ₄C) ntụ ntụ bụ ihe seramiiki na-abụghị oxide nke nwere ọtụtụ boron na carbon carbon, na usoro stoichiometric zuru oke B anọ C, ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-egosipụta nnukwu nnabata nke ihe mejupụtara site na gburugburu B 4 C ruo B ₀. ₅ C.
Ọdịdị kristal ya sitere na sistemụ rhombohedral, mara site na netwọk nke 12-atom icosahedra– nke ọ bụla gụnyere 11 boron atọm na 1 carbon atọm– jikọtara ya na ogologo B– C ma ọ bụ C– B– C kwụ ọtọ triatomic yinye n'akụkụ [111] uzo.
Nhazi a dị iche iche nke icosahedra na-ejikọta ọnụ na agbụ njikọ na-egosi nkwụsi ike pụtara ìhè na nkwụsi ike ọkụ., na-eme boron carbide otu n'ime ngwaahịa ndị siri ike mara, karịrị naanị cubic boron nitride na diamond karịrị.
Ọnụnọ nke okwu ụkpụrụ ụlọ, dị ka ụkọ carbon n'agbụ kwụ ọtọ ma ọ bụ ọnọdụ nnọchi n'ime icosahedra, na-emetụta n'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'ibu, dijitalụ, na ụlọ nnabata neutron, na-achọ njikwa kpọmkwem n'oge nchịkọta ntụ ntụ.
Njirimara ọkwa atomic ndị a na-agbakwunyekwa na njupụta ya dị ala (~ 2.52 g/cm anọ), nke dị mkpa maka ngwa ọta dị fechaa ebe oke ike na ibu dị oke mkpa.
1.2 Ọcha ọkwa na nsonaazụ mmetọ
Ngwa dị elu na-achọ ntụ ntụ carbide boron nke nwere ịdị ọcha dị elu yana mmetọ akụkụ site na ikuku oxygen, ọla mmetọ, ma ọ bụ usoro nke abụọ dị ka boron suboxides (B abụọ O ₂) ma ọ bụ carbon na-akwụghị ụgwọ.
Oxygen adịghị ọcha, A na-egosipụtakarị ya n'oge njikwa ma ọ bụ site na akụrụngwa, nwere ike ịzụlite B ABỤỌ O abụọ na oke ọka, nke na-agbanwe na oke okpomọkụ ma na-emepụta porosity n'oge sintering, ịkwụwa aka ọtọ n'ibu na-emebi emebi.
Ihe ndị na-adịghị ọcha dị ka ígwè ma ọ bụ silicon nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ dị ka ihe enyemaka na-agbaze ma nwee ike ịmepụta eutectics dị ala ma ọ bụ nke abụọ nke na-emebi ike na nkwụsi ike nke okpomọkụ..
N'ihi ya, usoro nzacha dị ka acid leaching, oke okpomọkụ annealing n'okpuru inert gburugburu, ma ọ bụ iji ihe ndị na-ebu ụzọ dị ọcha dị mkpa iji mepụta ntụ ntụ dabara maka seramiki ọkaibe..
Nkesa nha nha na mpaghara ntụ ntụ na-arụkwa ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịchọpụta sinterability na microstructure ikpeazụ., ya na ntụ ntụ submicron na-eme ka njupụta dị ukwuu na ọkwa okpomọkụ dị ala.
2. Njikọ na nhazi nke Boron Carbide ntụ ntụ
(Ọkpụkpụ boron carbide)
2.1 Ụzọ nrụpụta ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na ụlọ nyocha
A na-emepụta ntụ ntụ carbide boron na oke okpomọkụ nke carbothermal nke ndị na-ebu ụzọ nwere boron., ọtụtụ boric acid (H ise BO ₃) ma ọ bụ boron oxide (B ₂ O Ise), na-eji isi iyi carbon dị ka coke mmanụ ma ọ bụ unyi.
Mmeghachi omume, a na-emekarị na usoro ọkụ ọkụ eletrik na ọkwa okpomọkụ n'etiti 1800 Celsius C na 2500 Celsius C, na-aga n'ihu dị ka: 2B ₂ O ATO + 7C → B ₄ C + 6CO.
Usoro a na-amịpụta crude, ntụ ntụ na-adịghị ahụkebe nke na-achọ nnukwu igwe igwe na nhazi ọkwa iji rụzuo oke mpekere dị mkpa maka njikwa seramiiki ọkaibe..
Ụzọ ndị ọzọ dị ka ikuku vapor na-akpata laser (CVD), ntinye aka na plasma, na mechanochemical njikwa na-emekọrịta ụzọ ka mma, ọtụtụ ntụ ntụ ndị ọzọ nwere njikwa mma karịa stoichiometry na morphology.
Mechanochemical njikọ, dị ka ọmụmaatụ, na-agụnye igwe nri dị elu nke boron na carbon dị mkpa, na-ekwe ka ime ụlọ-okpomọkụ ma ọ bụ obere okpomọkụ mmepe nke B ₄ C site na nzaghachi steeti siri ike na-ebute site na ike..
Ụzọ ndị a dị elu, mgbe ọzọ ọnụ, na-enweta ọmụrụ nwa maka imepụta ntụ ntụ nanostructured nwere nkwalite sinterability na arụmọrụ bara uru.
2.2 Nkà mmụta ihe omimi ntụ ntụ na nhazi mpaghara elu
Ọdịdị nke boron carbide ntụ ntụ– ma angular, okirikiri, ma ọ bụ nanostructured– ogologo emetụta ya flowability, njupụta njupụta, na reactivity n'oge nkwado mbinye ego.
Angular ibe n'ibe, nkịtị nke anuahade na igwe mere powders, na-emekarị njikọ, na-eme ka ike eco-friendly ma nwee ike na-egosi mkpọda njupụta.
Spherical powders, A na-emepụtakarị site na ịgbasa mmiri ma ọ bụ spheroidization plasma, na-enye atụmatụ mgbasa ozi adịchaghị maka nrụpụta mgbakwunye na ngwa ịpị ọkụ.
Mgbanwe ihu igwe, nke gụnyere imecha na carbon ma ọ bụ polymer dispersants, nwere ike ịkwalite mgbasa nke ntụ ntụ na slurries ma kwụsị ikpokọta, nke dị oke mkpa iji nweta microstructures otu n'ime ihe ndị nwere agba.
Ọzọkwa, ọgwụgwọ ndị na-ebute ụzọ dị ka ịkagbu na inert ma ọ bụ ibelata gburugburu ebe obibi na-enyere aka iwepụ oxides elu na ụdị adsorbed., imeziwanye ịdị n'otu na oghere ikpeazụ ma ọ bụ ume ọrụ.
3. Njirimara bara uru na metrik arụmọrụ
3.1 Mechanical na thermal Àgwà
boron carbide ntụ ntụ, mgbe ejikọta ya kpọmkwem n'ime nnukwu ceramik, na-egosipụta ọmarịcha ụlọ obibi, nke nwere Vickers siri ike nke 30– 35 Nkezi ọkwa ọkwa, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime ihe injinia siri ike enyere.
Ike mkpakọ ya na-agabiga 4 GPA, na ọ na-edobe eziokwu n'usoro na okpomọkụ ruo 1500 Celsius C na gburugburu inert, ọ bụ ezie na oxidation na-aghọ nke ukwuu n'elu 500 Celsius C na ikuku n'ihi nhazi B ₂ O ise.
Ngwaahịa ahụ belatara njupụta (~ 2.5 g/cm ³) na-enye ya oke ike na ịdị arọ pụtara ìhè, uru dị mkpa na mbara igwe na sistemụ nchekwa ballistic.
Ka o sina dị, boron carbide bụ ihe ebumpụta ụwa na-emebi emebi ma dịkwa ngwa na amorphization n'okpuru mmetụta nrụgide dị elu, ihe a maara dị ka “ọnwụ nke ike shiee,” nke na-amachibido ịdị irè ya karịsịa ihe ngosi ihe agha na-agụnye projectiles dị elu..
Nyochaa ozugbo n'ime mmepe ngwakọta– dị ka ijikọ B ₄ C na silicon carbide (SiC) ma ọ bụ carbon fibers– bu n'obi ibelata mmachi a site n'ịkwalite ogologo oge mgbape na mwepu ike.
3.2 Ntinye Neutron na Ngwa Nuklia
Otu n'ime njirimara bara uru nke boron carbide bụ akụkụ ya dị elu nke nnabata neutron., tumadi n'ihi ¹⁰ B isotop, nke na-agafe na ¹⁰ B(n, a)nzaghachi nuklia asaa Li n'elu ijide neutron.
Ụlọ a na-eme ka ntụ ntụ B ₄ C bụrụ ngwaahịa zuru oke maka nchekwa neutron, mkpanaka njikwa, na mechie pellets na ngwá ọrụ nuklia, ebe ọ na-ewe nke ọma neutrons iji chịkwaa nzaghachi fission.
Iberibe alfa pụta na ion lithium dị mkpụmkpụ, ihe na-abụghị gas, ibelata mmebi ihe owuwu yana nrụpụta gas n'ime akụrụngwa activator.
Ịba ụba nke ¹⁰ B isootope na-eme ka arụmọrụ nke neutron dịkwuo mma., ekwe thinner, ngwaahịa ichekwa nke ọma karịa.
Na mgbakwunye, Nchekwa kemịkalụ boron carbide na nguzogide radieshon na-eme ka ọ dị ogologo oge na gburugburu radieshon dị elu.
4. Ngwa dị na mmepụta na teknụzụ dị elu
4.1 Ihe nchekwa nke ballistic na akụrụngwa na-eguzogide
Ngwa bụ isi nke boron carbide ntụ ntụ na-anọgide na-emepụta ihe agha seramiiki dị arọ maka ndị ọrụ, ụgbọ ala, na ụgbọ elu.
Mgbe etinyere ya n'ime taịlị seramiiki ma tinye ya n'ime sistemu agha mejupụtara ya na polymer ma ọ bụ nkwado ọla., B FOUR C nke ọma na-achụsasị ike kinetic nke projectiles dị elu site na mgbaji., plastic contortion nke penetrator, na ike absorption usoro.
Ọkpụrụkpụ ya dị ala na-enye usoro ngwa agha dị mfe ma e jiri ya tụnyere ndị ọzọ dị ka tungsten carbide ma ọ bụ ígwè, dị mkpa maka ngagharị ndị agha na mmanụ ọkụ.
Nchedo gara aga, A na-eji boron carbide mee ihe na ihe ndị na-eguzogide iyi dị ka nozzles, akara, na ibelata ngwaọrụ, ebe nkwụsi ike ya siri ike na-eme ka ụfọdụ ogologo ndụ dị ogologo na gburugburu ebe siri ike.
4.2 Nrụpụta mgbakwunye na teknụzụ na-ebilite
Ọganihu na-adịbeghị anya na nrụpụta mgbakwunye (AM), karịsịa binder jetting na laser powder bed Nchikota, emeghela ụzọ ọhụrụ maka imepụta ihe ndị nwere ụdị boron carbide dị mgbagwoju anya.
Ịdị ọcha dị elu, gburugburu B ntụ ntụ C anọ dị oke mkpa maka usoro ndị a, na-akpọ maka ịgbapụ pụrụiche na oke nkwakọ ngwaahịa iji jide n'aka na ịdị n'otu oyi akwa na nkwụsi ike akụrụngwa.
Mgbe ihe isi ike na-anọ– dị ka ebe mgbaze dị elu, Thermal nrụgide na nchegbu fracturing, na porosity ugboro ugboro– Ọmụmụ na-aga n'ihu ruo oke oke, net-ụdị seramiiki akụkụ maka ikuku, nuklia, na ngwa ike.
Ọzọkwa, A na-enyocha boron carbide na ngwaọrụ thermoelectric, adịghị mma slurries maka nkenke sprucing elu, na dị ka oge na-ewusi ike na ogige matrix ígwè.
Na nchịkọta, boron carbide ntụ ntụ na-eguzo n'ihu nke ngwaahịa seramiiki ọkaibe, na-ejikọta oke nkwụsi ike, obere njupụta, na ike absorption neutron na otu na-abụghị eke usoro.
Site na njikwa ziri ezi nke mejupụtara, morphology, na nhazi, ọ na-eme ka o kwe omume maka teknụzụ na-arụ ọrụ na ntọala kachasị mkpa, site na ngwa agha n'ọgbọ agha ruo na cores reactor nuklia.
Dị ka synthesis na n'ichepụta azum ga-azụlite, boron carbide ntụ ntụ ga-anọgide na-eme ka ndị na-emepụta ihe na-arụ ọrụ dị elu nke ọgbọ na-abịa.
5. Onye na-ebu ihe
RBOSCHCO bụ onye na-ebubata kemịkalụ zuru ụwa ọnụ ntụkwasị obi & emeputa na ihe karịrị 12 ahụmịhe afọ n'inye kemịkalụ dị oke mma na Nanomaterials. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-ebupụ n'ọtụtụ mba, dị ka USA, Canada, Europe, UAE, South Africa, Tanzania, Kenya, Egypt, Nigeria, Cameroon, Uganda, toro toro, Mexico, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Saịprọs, Czech Republic, Brazil, Chile, Argentina, Dubai, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Ọstrelia,Germany, France, Ịtali, Portugal wdg. Dịka onye nrụpụta mmepe nanotechnology na-eduga, RBOSCHCO na-achị ahịa. Ndị otu ọrụ ọkachamara anyị na-enye ngwọta zuru oke iji nyere aka melite arụmọrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche, mepụta uru, na mfe ịnagide nsogbu dị iche iche. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-achọ Ọnụ ego boron carbide kwa kilogram, biko zigara email na: [email protected]
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