1. Ukubunjwa Kwekhemikhali Nezimo Zesakhiwo Se-Boron Carbide Powder
1.1 I-B ₄ C Stoichiometry kanye ne-Atomic Architecture
(I-Boron Carbide)
I-Boron carbide (B ₄ C) I-powder iyimpahla ye-ceramic engeyona i-oxide eyakhiwe kakhulu i-boron nama-athomu e-carbon, ngefomula ye-stoichiometric ephelele B FOUR C, nakuba ikhombisa ukubekezelelana okukhulu kokuqamba kusukela cishe ku-B FOUR C kuya ku-B ₁₀. ₅ C.
Isakhiwo sayo sekristalu sivela ohlelweni lwe-rhombohedral, ikhonjwe inethiwekhi ye-12-atom icosahedra– ngamunye kuhlanganise 11 ama-athomu e-boron kanye 1 i-athomu ye-carbon– ihlanganiswe ngu-straight B– C noma C– B– C amaketanga e-triatomic aqondile eduze [111] isiqondiso.
Lolu hlelo oluhlukile lwe-icosahedra eboshwe ngokubambisana kanye namaketango axhumayo adlulisa ukuqina okuvelele kanye nokuzinza okushisayo., ukwenza i-boron carbide ibe ngomunye wemikhiqizo enzima kakhulu eyaziwayo, idlulwe kuphela yi-cubic boron nitride nedayimane.
Ukuba khona kwezinkinga zezakhiwo, njengokushoda kwekhabhoni kuketango eliqondile noma isimo sokushintshwa ngaphakathi kwe-icosahedra, kunomthelela kakhulu kumishini, idijithali, kanye nezindlu zokumunca i-neutron, ukufuna ukulawula okuqondile ngesikhathi sokwenziwa kwempushana.
Lezi zici zezinga le-athomu nazo zengeza ekumineni kwayo okuphansi (~ 2.52 g/cm EZINE), okubalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kwesihlangu esingasindi lapho isilinganiso samandla nesisindo sibaluleke kakhulu.
1.2 Ukuhlanzeka Kwesiteji Nemiphumela Engcolisayo
Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenza kahle kakhulu zidinga izimpushana ze-boron carbide ezinokuhlanzeka kwesiteji esiphakeme kanye nokungcoliswa kwe-marginal okuvela kumoya-mpilo., ukungcola metallic, noma izigaba zesibili ezifana ne-boron suboxides (B OKUBILI O ₂) noma ikhabhoni yamahhala.
Ukungcola komoyampilo, ngokuvamile ethulwa kukho konke ukuphatha noma kusuka ezintweni ezingavuthiwe, ingathuthuka B TWO O ezimbili emingceleni yokusanhlamvu, okuyinto eshintshashintshayo emazingeni okushisa aphezulu futhi idale i-porosity kulo lonke i-sintering, ukuwohloka kakhulu ukwethembeka kwemishini.
Ukungcola kwensimbi njenge-iron noma i-silicon kungasebenza njengezinsiza-sintering kodwa kungase futhi kwakhe ama-eutectics ancibilika kancane noma izigaba zesibili ezibeka engcupheni ubulukhuni nokuzinza okushisayo..
Ngenxa yalokho, amasu okuhlunga njenge-acid leaching, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu le-annealing ngaphansi kwezindawo ezingenasici, noma ukusetshenziswa kwezandulela ezihlanzekile kakhulu kubalulekile ukukhiqiza izimpushana ezifanele izitsha zobumba eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi omncane kanye nendawo ethile yempushana nakho kudlala indima ebalulekile ekutholeni ukuhlangana kanye ne-microstructure yokugcina., ngama-submicron powders ngokuvamile avumela ukuminyana okukhulu emazingeni okushisa aphansi.
2. Ukwenziwa Nokucutshungulwa Kwe-Boron Carbide Powder
(I-Boron Carbide)
2.1 Izindlela Zokukhiqiza Zezimboni Nezaselabhorethri
I-Boron carbide powder ikhiqizwa kakhulu ngokuncipha kwe-high-temperature carbothermal yezandulela eziqukethe i-boron., eziningi ngokuvamile boric acid (H EZINHLANU BO ₃) noma i-boron oxide (B ₂ O EZINHLANU), ukusebenzisa imithombo yekhabhoni efana ne-coke kawoyela noma amalahle.
Ukusabela, ngokuvamile eyenziwa ngogesi arc izinhlelo zokushisisa emazingeni okushisa phakathi 1800 ° C futhi 2500 °C, iqhubeka njengoba: 2B ₂ O EZINTATHU + 7C → B ₄ C + 6CO.
Le nqubo ikhiqiza okuluhlaza, izimpushana ezinomumo ongavamile ezidinga ukugaywa okukhulu kanye nokwahlukaniswa ukuze kufezwe osayizi abakhulu bezingcezu ezidingekayo ekuphatheni okuyinkimbinkimbi kobumba..
Ezinye izindlela ezifana ne-laser-induced chemical vapor deposition (I-CVD), i-plasma-assisted synthesis, kanye nezindlela zokuphatha ze-mechanochemical ukuze zibe ngcono, izimpushana eziningi ezilinganayo ezinokulawula okungcono kakhulu kwe-stoichiometry kanye ne-morphology.
I-Mechanochemical synthesis, Ngokwesibonelo, kuhlanganisa ukugaywa kwe-boron nekhabhoni ebalulekile ye-energy sphere, ukuvumela izinga lokushisa legumbi noma izinga lokushisa eliphansi lika-B ₄ C ngezimpendulo zesimo esiqinile eziqhutshwa amandla.
Lezi zindlela eziphambili, kuyilapho kubiza kakhulu, bathola isilinganiso senzalo sokukhiqiza ama-nanostructured powders anokusebenziseka okuthuthukisiwe nokusebenza okungokoqobo.
2.2 I-Powder Morphology kanye ne-Surface Area Design
I-morphology ye-boron carbide powder– noma i-angular, eyindilinga, noma i-nanostructured– okuqondile kuthinta ukugeleza kwayo, ukuminyana kokupakisha, kanye nokusebenza kabusha kukho konke ukuhlanganiswa kwemali mboleko.
Ama-angular bits, evamile yezimpushana ezichotshoziwe nezenziwe ngomshini, ngokuvamile kuvame ukuhlanganisa, ukuqinisa amandla e-eco-friendly kodwa kungenzeka ukwethula ukuminyana kwemithambeka.
Izimpushana eziyindilinga, evame ukukhiqizwa nge-spray drying out noma i-plasma spheroidization, hlinzeka ngezici zokujikeleza kwe-premium zokukhiqiza okungeziwe kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezicindezelayo ezishisayo.
Ukulungiswa kobuso, okuhlanganisa ukuqeda nge-carbon noma i-polymer dispersants, ingathuthukisa ukuhlakazeka kwempushana kuma-slurries futhi imise inqwaba, okubalulekile ekuzuzeni ama-microstructures afanayo ezingxenyeni ze-sintered.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, Ukwelashwa kwe-sintering ngaphambili okufana ne-anneal endaweni engenzi lutho noma ukunciphisa indawo kusiza ukuqeda ama-oxide angaphezulu nezinhlobo ezikhangisiwe, ukuthuthukisa i-sinterability kanye nokuvuleka kokugcina noma ukuqina komshini.
3. Izimpawu Ezisebenzayo kanye namamethrikhi okusebenza
3.1 Imikhuba Yemishini Neyokushisa
I-Boron carbide powder, lapho ihlanganiswa kuze kube yinqwaba yobumba, ikhombisa izindawo zokuhlala ezisezingeni eliphezulu, ehlanganisa ukuqina kwe-Vickers kwe-30– 35 Isilinganiso sephoyinti lebanga, okwenza kube enye yezinto zokwakha ezinzima kakhulu ezinikezwayo.
Amandla ayo acindezelayo adlulela ngalé 4 I-GPa, futhi igcina ukwethembeka kwesakhiwo emazingeni okushisa afinyelela phezulu 1500 ° C ezindaweni ezingenalutho, nakuba i-oxidation iba enkulu phezu 500 ° C emoyeni ngenxa ye-B ₂ O ukwakheka okuhlanu.
Ubuningi bomkhiqizo buncishisiwe (~ 2.5 g/cm³) ikunikeza isilinganiso esivelele samandla nesisindo, inzuzo ebalulekile ku-aerospace kanye nezinhlelo zokuphepha ze-ballistic.
Noma kunjalo, I-boron carbide ngokwemvelo i-brittle futhi isengozini yokuguqulwa kwe-amorphization ngaphansi kwethonya lokucindezeleka okuphezulu, into eyaziwa ngokuthi “ukulahlekelwa amandla okugunda,” okuvimbela ukusebenza kwayo ikakhulukazi ezimweni zezikhali ezibandakanya ama-projectiles anesivinini esikhulu.
Cwaninga ngqo ekuthuthukisweni okuyinhlanganisela– njengokuhlanganisa i-B ₄ C ne-silicon carbide (I-SiC) noma imicu ye-carbon– ihlose ukunciphisa lo mkhawulo ngokuthuthukisa ukuqina kokuqhekeka kanye nokuqedwa kwamandla.
3.2 I-Neutron Absorption kanye Nezicelo Zenuzi
Phakathi kwezici ezibaluleke kakhulu ze-boron carbide ukumuncwa kwe-neutron ephezulu eshisayo., ikakhulukazi ngenxa ye-¹⁰ B isotope, ehamba nge-¹⁰ B(n, a)impendulo yenuzi eyisikhombisa ye-Li ekuthathweni kwe-neutron.
Leli khaya lenza i-B ₄ C powder ibe umkhiqizo ophelele wokuvikela i-neutron, ukulawula izinduku, kanye nama-pellets avaliwe kuma-reactors enuzi, lapho ithatha ngempumelelo ama-neutron amaningi ukulawula izimpendulo ze-fission.
Izingcezu ze-alpha eziwumphumela kanye nama-ion e-lithium akubanga elifushane, izinto ezingezona igesi, ukwehlisa umonakalo wesakhiwo kanye nokwakheka kwegesi ngaphakathi kwezingxenye ze-activator.
Ukunothiswa kwe-¹⁰ B isotope kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukumuncwa kwe-neutron, ukuvumela ezacile, imikhiqizo esebenza kahle kakhulu yokuvikela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, Ukuphepha kwamakhemikhali e-boron carbide kanye nokumelana nemisebe kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwesikhathi eside ezindaweni ezinemisebe ephezulu.
4. Izicelo Zokukhiqiza Okuthuthukile Nobuchwepheshe
4.1 I-Ballistic Protection kanye ne-Wear-Resistant
Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwe-boron carbide powder kusasele ekukhiqizeni izikhali ze-ceramic ezingasindi zabasebenzi, amaloli, kanye nendiza.
Uma ifakwe kuthayela we-ceramic futhi ihlanganiswa ngqo ezinhlelweni zezikhali eziyinhlanganisela ezine-polymer noma izisekelo zensimbi, I-B FOUR C ihlakaza ngempumelelo amandla e-kinetic we-high-velocity projectiles ngokuphuka, ukuguqulwa kwepulasitiki kwe-penetrator, kanye nezinhlelo zokumunca amandla.
Ubukhulu bayo obuphansi buvumela izinhlelo zezikhali ezilula uma ziqhathaniswa nezinye ezifana ne-tungsten carbide noma insimbi, kubalulekile ukuhamba kwebutho kanye nokusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli.
Isivikelo esidlule, I-boron carbide isetshenziswa ezintweni ezingagugi njengama-nozzles, izimpawu, kanye nokunciphisa amadivayisi, lapho ukuqina kwayo okunzima kwenza isikhathi esithile sempilo ende ezindaweni ezimbi.
4.2 I-Additive Manufacturing and Arising Technologies
Intuthuko yakamuva ekukhiqizeni okungeziwe (AM), ikakhulukazi i-binder jetting kanye nenhlanganisela ye-laser powder bed, empeleni bavule izindlela ezintsha zokwenza izakhi ezimise okwe-boron carbide.
Ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu, round B FOUR C izimpushana zibalulekile kulezi zinqubo, ibiza ukugeleza okukhethekile kanye nokupakisha ukushuba ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukufana kongqimba nokuzinza kwengxenye.
Nakuba ubunzima buhlala– njengendawo ephezulu yokuncibilika, ukucindezeleka ezishisayo kanye nokukhathazeka fracturing, kanye ne-porosity ephindaphindiwe– ukufunda kuqhubekela phambili ekujuleni ngokuphelele, izingxenye ze-ceramic ezinokwakheka kwenetha ze-aerospace, zenuzi, kanye nezicelo zamandla.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, I-boron carbide iyahlolwa emishinini kagesi eshisayo, ama-slurries angajabulisi wokunemba aqhakaze, futhi njengesigaba sokuqinisa izinhlanganisela zensimbi ye-matrix.
Ngokufingqa, I-boron carbide powder imi phambili emikhiqizweni ye-ceramic eyinkimbinkimbi, ukuhlanganisa ukuqina okwedlulele, ukuminyana okuphansi, kanye namandla okumunca inutroni ohlelweni olulodwa okungelona lwemvelo.
Ngokulawula okunembile kokuqanjwa, i-morphology, kanye nokucutshungulwa, kwenza kube nokwenzeka ngobuchwepheshe obusebenza kuzilungiselelo ezidinga kakhulu, kusukela kuzikhali zenkundla yempi kuya kuma-nuclear reactor cores.
Njengoba amasu okuhlanganisa kanye nokukhiqiza kusazothuthukiswa, I-boron carbide powder izohlala iyisici esibalulekile semikhiqizo yesizukulwane esilandelayo esebenza kahle kakhulu.
5. Umphakeli
I-RBOSCHCO ingumnikezeli wempahla yamakhemikhali othembekile emhlabeni jikelele & umkhiqizi one-over 12 isipiliyoni seminyaka ekuhlinzekeni amakhemikhali ekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu namaNanomaterials. Inkampani ithumela emazweni amaningi, njenge-USA, Canada, EYurophu, I-UAE, Iningizimu Afrika, eTanzania, Kenya, iGibhithe, eNigeria, eCameroon, Uganda, igalikuni, Mexico, I-Azerbaijan, EBelgium, eKhupro, I-Czech Republic, Brazil, eChile, E-Argentina, I-Dubai, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Thailand, I-Malaysia, I-Indonesia, Australia,EJalimane, France, Italy, Portugal njll. Njengomkhiqizi ohamba phambili wokuthuthukiswa kwe-nanotechnology, I-RBOSCHCO ibusa imakethe. Ithimba lethu lomsebenzi ochwepheshe linikeza izixazululo eziphelele ukusiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwezimboni ezihlukahlukene, dala inani, futhi ubhekane kalula nezinselele ezihlukahlukene. Uma ufuna intengo ye-boron carbide nge-kg, sicela uthumele i-imeyili ku: [email protected]
Omaka: i-boron carbide,b4c boron carbide,intengo ye-boron carbide
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