1. Zoyambira Zamalonda ndi Zopindulitsa Zachilengedwe
1.1 Crystal Framework ndi Chemical Structure
(Aluminiyamu wozungulira)
Aluminiyamu wozungulira, kapena kuzungulira kuwala kolemera kwa aluminiyamu okusayidi (Al ₂ O ZISANU), ndi chinthu chopangidwa mwaluso chopangidwa ndi ceramic chodziwika bwino cha globular morphology komanso mawonekedwe a crystalline makamaka mu alpha. (a) gawo.
Alpha aluminiyamu, imodzi mwa polymorph yokhazikika kwambiri ya thermodynamically, imaphatikizapo dongosolo la ma ion okosijeni okhala ndi ma hexagonal okhala ndi ma ion aluminiyamu okhala magawo awiri mwa atatu a ma octahedral interstices., kumapangitsa kuti pakhale mphamvu zambiri za latticework komanso kusagwira bwino ntchito kwamankhwala.
Gawoli likuwonetsa kukhazikika kwa kutentha kwapadera, kukhala oona mtima pafupifupi 1800 °C, ndi kukana kuyankha ndi zidulo, alkalis, ndi zitsulo zosungunuka pansi pa mavuto ambiri a mafakitale.
Mosiyana osakhazikika kapena angular aluminiyamu ufa unachokera bauxite calcination, alumina yozungulira imapangidwa ndi njira zotentha kwambiri monga plasma spheroidization kapena flame synthesis kuti ikwaniritse zozungulira komanso zosalala pamwamba..
Kusintha kuchokera ku ma anglar precursor bits– kawirikawiri calcined bauxite kapena gibbsite– kuti wandiweyani, kuzungulira kwa isotropic kumachotsa mbali zakuthwa ndi porosity yamkati, kukulitsa luso lazonyamula komanso kulimba kwamakina.
Makhalidwe abwino kwambiri (≥ 99.5% Al Awiri O asanu) ndizofunika kwambiri pamagetsi ndi semiconductor pomwe kuipitsidwa kwa ayoni kuyenera kuchepetsedwa.
1.2 Particle Geometry ndi Packing Behaviour
Chizindikiro cha aluminiyamu yozungulira ndikuzungulira kwake kwapafupi, nthawi zambiri amawunikidwa ndi sphericity index > 0.9, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri kuyenda kwake ndi makulidwe ake onyamula mumagulu ophatikizika.
Mosiyana ndi zidutswa za angular zomwe zimagwirizanitsa ndikupanga mipata, zidutswa zozungulira zimagudubuzana ndi kukangana m'mphepete, kulola zolimba kutsitsa mumtundu wonse wazogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe otenthetsera (TIMs), ma encapsulants, ndi potting compounds.
Kufanana kwa geometric uku kumapangitsa kuti pakhale kuchulukitsitsa kwapang'onopang'ono kwamaphunziro 70 vol%, kuposa 50– 60 vol% wamba wodzaza osakhazikika.
Kudzaza kwapamwamba kwambiri kumafanana ndi kukhathamiritsa kwamafuta mu ma matrices a polima, monga maukonde okhazikika a ceramic amapereka njira zodalirika zoyendera ma phonon.
Kuphatikiza apo, malo osalala amachepetsa kuvala kwa zida zogwirira ntchito ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa makulidwe panthawi yosakanikirana, kupititsa patsogolo kusinthika ndi chitetezo cha kubalalitsidwa.
Kuzungulira kwa isotropic kumapewanso ma anisotropy omwe amadalira matenthedwe ndi makina okhala., kutsimikizira magwiridwe antchito pafupipafupi mbali zonse.
2. Njira Zophatikizira ndi Kutsimikizira Ubwino
2.1 Kutentha Kwambiri kwa Spheroidization Njira
Kupanga kwa aluminiyamu yozungulira nthawi zambiri kumadalira njira zotentha zomwe zimasungunula zidutswa za aluminiyamu za angular ndikupangitsa kupsinjika kwapamtunda kuti zisinthe kukhala mipira..
( Aluminiyamu wozungulira)
Plasma spheroidization ndi imodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazamalonda, kumene ufa wa alumina umalowetsedwa mumoto wa plasma wotentha kwambiri (pafupifupi 10,000 K), kuyambitsa kusungunuka pompopompo ndi kukanikizana kosunthika komwe kumayendetsedwa ndi malo mozungulira mozungulira bwino kwambiri.
Madontho osungunukawo amalimba msanga pouluka, kukula wandiweyani, zopanda porous particles ndi yunifolomu kukula kugawa pamene pamodzi ndi gulu lolondola.
Njira zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi moto spheroidization pogwiritsa ntchito nyali za oxy-fuel ndi kutentha mothandizidwa ndi microwave., ngakhale izi zimapereka kutsika kochepa kapena kuwongolera pang'ono pa kukula kwa tinthu.
Kukhazikika kwa chinthu choyambirira komanso kufalikira kwa tinthu ndikofunikira; submicron kapena micron-scale precursors amapanganso mipira yokulirapo pambuyo pogwira.
Post-kaphatikizidwe, mankhwala amapanga sieving molimbika, electrostatic kugawanika, ndi kuwunika kwa laser diffraction kuti apange magawo ochepa a tinthu tating'onoting'ono (PSD), kawirikawiri kuyambira 1 ku 50 µm kutengera ntchito.
2.2 Kusintha kwa Pamwamba ndi Kusintha Kwamachitidwe
Kupititsa patsogolo kuyanjana ndi ma organic matrices monga silicones, epoxies, ndi polyurethanes, aluminiyamu yozungulira nthawi zambiri imayikidwa pamwamba ndi ma coupling agents.
Silane coupling agents– monga amino, epoxy, kapena ma silanes apulasitiki othandiza– pangani maubwenzi ogwirizana ndi magulu a hydroxyl pamtunda wa alumina pomwe mukupereka magwiridwe antchito omwe amagwirizana ndi matrix a polima..
Izi mankhwala bwino interface adhesion, amachepetsa kukana kwamafuta-matrix, ndipo amalepheretsa kusuntha, kupangitsa kuti pakhale mayunifolomu ambiri omwe ali ndi magwiridwe antchito apamwamba komanso matenthedwe.
Zomaliza zapamtunda zitha kupangidwanso kuti ziwonetse hydrophobicity, kulimbikitsa kubalalitsidwa muzinthu zopanda polar, kapena kupangitsa kuti zikhale zotheka kuyankha zolimbikitsa muzinthu zanzeru zamatenthedwe.
Chitsimikizo chapamwamba chimakhala ndi miyeso ya BET pamwamba, makulidwe a bomba, matenthedwe madutsidwe (kawirikawiri 25– 35 W/(m · k )kwa α-alumina wandiweyani), ndi mbiri yachidetso kudzera pa ICP-MS kuti ichotse Fe, Kale, ndi K pa ppm milingo.
Kufanana kwa batch-to-batch ndikofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito zodalirika kwambiri pazamagetsi ndi zakuthambo.
3. Mawonekedwe a Thermal ndi Mechanical mu Composites
3.1 Thermal Conductivity and User Interface Engineering
Round alumina imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati chodzaza kwambiri kuti chithandizire kutenthetsa kwazinthu zopangidwa ndi polima zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popaka zinthu zamagetsi., Kuwala kwa LED, ndi ma modules amphamvu.
Pomwe epoxy kapena silikoni yoyera imakhala ndi matenthedwe a ~ 0.2 W/(m · k), kunyamula ndi 60– 70 vol% zozungulira alumina zimatha kupititsa patsogolo izi mpaka 2– 5 W/(m · k), zokwanira kutentha kwachangu kuzimitsa mu zida yaying'ono.
Kutentha kwakukulu kwachilengedwe kwa α-alumina, ophatikizidwa ndi phononi yaying'ono kwambiri yofalikira pamalo osalala a tinthu ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono, zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zotheka kutengera kutentha kodalirika ndi ma percolation network.
Kulimbana ndi kutentha kwapakati (Kapitza resistance) akupitiriza kukhala ndi malire mbali, komabe magwiridwe antchito apamwamba komanso njira zowonjezera zobalalika zimathandizira kuchepetsa chopingachi.
Mu matenthedwe mawonekedwe mankhwala (TIMs), aluminiyamu yozungulira imachepetsa kukana kuyimba pakati pa magawo omwe amapanga kutentha (mwachitsanzo, CPUs, Zithunzi za IGBT) ndi kutentha kumamira, kuyimitsa kutentha kwambiri ndikukulitsa moyo wa chipangizocho.
Insulation yake yamagetsi (resistivity > 10 ¹² Ω · masentimita) imatsimikizira chitetezo ndi chitetezo pamakina apamwamba kwambiri, kusiyanitsa ndi ma conductive fillers monga chitsulo kapena graphite.
3.2 Kukhazikika Kwamakina ndi Kudalirika
Kupitilira ntchito yamafuta, aluminiyamu yozungulira imathandizira kulimba kwamakina azinthu powonjezera kulimba, moduli, ndi kukhazikika kwa dimensional.
Mawonekedwe ozungulira amagawa kupsinjika ndi nkhawa mofanana, kuchepetsa kuyambitsa kugawanika ndi kuchulukana pansi pa njinga yamoto yotentha kapena katundu wamakina.
Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pazogulitsa zomwe sizingakwaniritsidwe ndi ma encapsulants pazida za flip-chip ndi 3D-package., kumene coefficient ya kukula matenthedwe (CTE) kusagwirizana kungayambitse delamination.
Pokonzanso kutsitsa kwa filler ndikugawa kakulidwe kakang'ono (mwachitsanzo, bimodal zosakaniza), CTE ya kompositi imatha kusinthidwa kuti ifanane ndi ya silicon kapena boardboard yosindikizidwa, kuchepetsa nkhawa ya thermo-mechanical ndi nkhawa.
Komanso, kusakhazikika kwamankhwala kwa aluminiyamu kumapewa kuwonongeka mumlengalenga wonyowa kapena wowononga, kutsimikizira kudalirika kosatha mu auto, malonda, ndi zamagetsi zakunja.
4. Mapulogalamu ndi Technical Evolution
4.1 Zida Zamagetsi ndi Mayankho a Magalimoto Amagetsi
Round alumina ndi chothandizira chofunikira pakuwongolera kutentha kwamagetsi amphamvu kwambiri, kuphatikiza otetezedwa pachipata bipolar transistors (Zithunzi za IGBT), zida zamagetsi, ndi machitidwe oyendetsera mabatire m'malo opangira magetsi (EVs).
Mu katundu wa batri wa EV, imaphatikizidwa muzinthu zopangira poto ndi zinthu zosinthira siteji kuti mupewe kutha kwa matenthedwe pogawira kutentha m'maselo onse..
Opanga ma LED amagwiritsa ntchito ma encapsulants ndi ma optics achiwiri kuti asunge zotulukapo za lumen ndi mthunzi wofanana pochepetsa kutentha kwapakati..
Mu 5G chimango ndi zidziwitso, kumene kutentha kwa kutentha kumakwera, Ma TIM odzaza ndi aluminiyamu amapanga njira zokhazikika za tchipisi tambiri komanso ma laser diode..
Ntchito yake ikukulirakulira kukhala matekinoloje apamwamba oyika zinthu monga fan-out wafer-level packaging. (FOWLP) ndi machitidwe ophatikizika amafa.
4.2 Milele Yotuluka ndi Chitukuko Chokhazikika
Kukula kwamtsogolo kumakhazikika pamakina osakanizidwa ophatikizira aluminiyamu ozungulira ndi boron nitride, aluminium nitride, kapena graphene kukwaniritsa ntchito matenthedwe ntchito pamene kusunga kusungunula magetsi.
Nano-spherical alumina (pansi-100 nm) akufufuzidwa kuti apeze zoumba zoonekera, Zovala za UV, ndi biomedical applications, ngakhale zopinga mu kubalalikana ndi mtengo kukhalabe.
Kupanga kowonjezera kwa ma polima opangira ma thermally conductive polima omwe amagwiritsa ntchito aluminiyamu ozungulira amalola zovuta., topology-wokometsedwa kutentha zinyalala zimango.
Khama lokhazikika limaphatikizapo njira zochepetsera mphamvu za spheroidization, kubwezeretsanso zinthu zosafunikira, ndi kusanthula moyo wonse kuti muchepetse mphamvu ya carbon ya zinthu zotentha kwambiri.
Powombetsa mkota, aluminiyamu yozungulira imayimira chinthu chofunikira chopangidwa pamphambano za porcelains, mankhwala, ndi sayansi ya kutentha.
Kuphatikiza kwake kwapadera kwa morphology, chiyero, ndikuchita bwino kumapangitsa kukhala kofunikira pakuchulukirachulukira kosalekeza komanso kuwonjezeka kwamphamvu kwamakina amakono ndi zamagetsi.
5. Wopereka
TRUNNANO ndi wodziwika padziko lonse lapansi wopanga aluminiyamu wa Spherical komanso ogulitsa mankhwala okhala ndi zopitilira muyeso. 12 zaka zaukatswiri pamtundu wapamwamba kwambiri wa nanomatadium ndi mankhwala ena. Kampaniyo imapanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ufa ndi mankhwala. Perekani ntchito OEM. Ngati mukufuna apamwamba Spherical alumina, chonde omasuka kulankhula nafe. Mukhoza alemba pa mankhwala kulankhula nafe.
Tags: Aluminiyamu wozungulira, aluminiyamu, aluminium oxide
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