1. Mehopolo ea Bohlokoa le ho Hloekisa Lihlopha
1.1 Tlhaloso le Sesebelisoa sa Core
(3d printing alloy powder)
Khatiso ea tšepe ea 3D, ka mokhoa o ts'oanang o bitsoa tlhahiso ea tlatsetso ea tšepe (AM), ke leano la kaho la layer-by-layer le thehang likarolo tsa tšepe tse mahlakore a mararo ka kotloloho ho tsoa liphetolelong tsa dijithale tse sebelisang phofshoana kapa terata..
Ho fapana le mekhoa ea subtractive joalo ka ho sila kapa ho reteleha, e tlosang sehlahisoa ho fihlela sebopeho, steel AM e eketsa sehlahisoa moo ho hlokahalang, ho etsa hore ho rarahane ka mokhoa o makatsang oa geometri ka litšila tse nyane haholo.
Ts'ebetso e qala ka mofuta oa 3D CAD o sehiloeng ka likarolo tse tšesaane tse otlolohileng (hangata 20– 100 µm e teteaneng). Mohloli o matla haholo– lebone la laser kapa elektronike– e qhibilihisa hantle kapa e kopanya likotoana tsa tšepe ho latela karolo e fapaneng ea lera, se tieang ha se tsidifala ho etsa setenya se teteaneng.
Potoloho ena e phetoa ho fihlela karolo e felletseng e hahiloe, hangata ka hara boemo bo sa sebetseng (argon kapa naetrojene) ho thibela oxidation ea li-alloys tse arabelang joalo ka titanium kapa aluminium e boima bo bobebe.
Sephetho sa microstructure, thepa ea bolulo kapa ea khoebo ka mochini, 'me ho roala holimo ho laoloa ke semelo sa mocheso, hlahloba mokhoa, le litšobotsi tsa lintho tse bonahalang, e hlokang taolo e nepahetseng ea lintlha tsa ts'ebetso.
1.2 Bohlokoa Metal AM Technologies
Ka bobeli li kopanya phofo-bed fusion (PBF) mahlale a morao-rao ke Ho lemoha Laser Melting (SLM) le Beam ea Electron Of Light Melting (EBM).
SLM e sebelisa laser fiber e matla haholo (hangata 200– 1000 W) ho qhibilihisa phofo ea tšepe ka botlalo ka phaposing e tletseng argon, ho hlahisa boima bo haufi le bo tletseng (> 99.5%) likarolo tse nang le qeto e ntle ea ts'ebetso le libaka tse boreleli tsa bokaholimo.
EBM e sebelisa lebone la elektronike le nang le matla a phahameng sebakeng se hloekileng, ho matha ka maemo a phahameng a mocheso oa kaho (600– 1000 °C), e fokotsang matšoenyeho a setseng mme e lumella ts'ebetso e sa sebetseng ea brittle alloys joalo ka Ti-6Al-4V kapa Inconel 718.
Ka ntle ho PBF, Phahamiso ea Matla a Tsamaisang (DED)– e nang le Laser Metal Deposition (LMD) le Cord Arc Ingredient Manufacturing (MAHALA)– e fepa phofo ea tšepe kapa thapo ka har'a letamo la ho sesa le nang le mokelikeli o entsoeng ka laser, plasma, kapa arc ea motlakase, e loketseng bakeng sa ho lokisa lintho tse kholo kapa likarolo tse haufi-le-net-shape.
Binder Jetting, leha ho le joalo e holile ka botlalo bakeng sa litšepe, e kenyelletsa ho fetisetsa ntho e tlamellang mokelikeli holim'a likaroloana tsa phofo ea tšepe, e lateloe ke ho sila ka har'a sistimi e futhumatsang; e sebelisa lebelo le phahameng empa boima bo tlase le ho nepahala ha sebopeho.
Ntho e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e ncha e tsitsisa ho sekisetsa tharollong, theko ea ho haha, ho lumellana ha lintho, le litlhoko tsa kamora ho sebetsa, khetho ea tataiso e thehiloeng litlhoko tsa kopo.
2. Lisebelisuoa le Melato ea Metallurgis
2.1 Li-alloys tse tloaelehileng le lisebelisoa tsa tsona
Khatiso ea tšepe ea 3D e tšehetsa mefuta e fapaneng ea li-alloys tsa moralo, e nang le ditshipi tse sa hloekang (mohlala, 316L, 17-4PH), lisebelisoa tsa tšepe (H13, Maraging tšepe), li-superalloys tse thehiloeng ho nickel (Inconel 625, 718), lihlahisoa tsa titanium (Ti-6Al-4V, CP-Ti), boima bo bobebe ba aluminium (AlSi10Mg, Sc-e fetotsoeng Al), le cobalt-chrome (CoCrMo).
Litšepe tse sa hloekang li sebelisa ho hanyetsa ho senyeha le matla a itekanetseng bakeng sa mefuta e mengata ea metsi le lisebelisoa tsa bongaka..
(3d printing alloy powder)
Nickel superalloys e tseba maemo a phahameng a mocheso joalo ka li-blade tsa turbine le li-nozzles tsa rocket ka lebaka la ho hanyetsa ha tsona le botsitso ba oxidation..
Li-alloys tsa Titanium li kopanya likarolo tse phahameng tsa matla-to-density le biocompatibility, ho etsa hore li tšoanelehe bakeng sa masaka a sefofane le li-implants tsa masapo.
Lisebelisoa tsa aluminium li etsa hore ho khonehe bakeng sa likarolo tsa kaho tse bobebe lits'ebetsong tsa koloi le tsa drone., Leha ho le joalo, ho na le mathata a bona a phahameng a ho bonts'a maikutlo a phahameng le a mocheso oa mocheso bakeng sa ho monya laser le botsitso ba letamo..
Tsoelo-pele ea sehlahisoa e tsoela pele ka li-alloys tse phahameng tsa entropy (ho HEA) le li-make-ups tse hlophisitsoeng hantle tse chenchang mahae ka har'a karolo e le 'ngoe.
2.2 Litlhoko tsa Microstructure le Post-Processing
Mehato e potlakileng ea ho futhumatsa le ho pholisa ka har'a tšepe AM e theha libopeho tse nyane tse ikhethang– hangata li-dendrite tse tsamaeang hantle kapa lithollo tsa li-columnar tse kentsoeng ka potoloho ea mocheso– tse fapaneng haholo ho tloha ho tse lekantsoeng kapa tse entsoeng.
Le hoja sena se ka matlafatsa matla ka ho ntlafatsa lijo-thollo, e ka boela ea hlahisa anisotropy, porosity, kapa khatello ea maikutlo le matšoenyeho a setseng a behang ts'ebetso ea mokhathala kotsing.
Ka lebaka leo, hoo e batlang e le likarolo tsohle tsa tšepe tsa AM li hloka ho etsoa ka morao: phokotso ea tsitsipano ho fokotsa tsitsipano, ho sututsa isostatic ho chesang (HIP) ho koala masoba a ka hare, machining bakeng sa ho hanyetsa tse mahlonoko, le ho phethela bokahodimo (mohlala, electropolishing, ho kobola) ho ntlafatsa bophelo ba ho khathala.
Litlhare tsa mocheso li etselitsoe litsamaiso tsa alloy– ka mohlala, khetho ea ho tsofala bakeng sa 17-4PH ho phethahatsa ho tiisa pula, kapa beta annealing bakeng sa Ti-6Al-4V ho ntlafatsa ductility.
Taolo ea boleng e itšetlehile ka tlhahlobo e sa senyeheng (NDT) joalo ka X-ray computed tomography (CT) le tlhahlobo ea ultrasonic ho fumana mathata a kahare a sa bonahaleng mahlong.
3. Moqapi o Fetolana le Tšusumetso ea Liindasteri
3.1 Theknoloji ea Geometri le Ts'ebetso ea Ts'ebetso
Khatiso ea Metal 3D e bula maemo a sebopeho a sa khoneheng ka tlhahiso e tloaelehileng, joalo ka marang-rang a ka hare a pholileng a ka har'a hlobo, liforeimi tsa lattice bakeng sa ho fokotsa boima ba 'mele, le lithuto tsa lithane tsa topology-optimized tse fokotsang tšebeliso ea thepa.
Likarolo tseo ha li bitsoa hore li thehoe ho tsoa likarolong tse ngata joale li ka phatlalatsoa e le lisebelisoa tsa monolithic, ho fokotsa manonyeletso, liboutu, le mabaka a ka ’nang a hlōleha.
Khokahano ena e sebetsang e matlafatsa ts'epahalo ho lisebelisoa tsa sefofane le tsa bongaka ha e ntse e fokotsa ho rarahana ha phepelo le litšenyehelo tsa phepelo..
Litlhahiso tsa moralo oa tlhahiso, e tsamaellana le ketsiso e tsamaisoang le ketsiso, hang-hang hlahisa mefuta ea tlhaho e fihlelang sepheo sa ts'ebetso tlas'a lotho ea sebele ea lefats'e, ho sututsa meedi ya tshebetso.
Ho itloaetsa ka tekanyo e qetellang ho khoneha– meqhaka ea meno, li-implants tse khethehileng, 'me li-fittings tsa bespoke tsa sefofane li ka hlahisoa ka lichelete ntle le ho lokisoa bocha.
3.2 Kholiso e Ikhethileng ea Lekala le Boleng ba Moruo
Aerospace e etella pele ho amoheloa, ka khoebo e kang GE Air travel printing gas nozzles for LEAP engines– consolidating 20 likarolo hantle ho e 'ngoe, ho fokotsa boima ba 'mele ka 25%, le ho ntlafatsa ho tšoarella ka makhetlo a mahlano.
Bahlahisi ba lisebelisoa tsa bongaka ba phahamisa AM bakeng sa kutu ea noka e porous e susumetsang ho kenella ha masapo le lipoleiti tsa cranial tse tsamaellanang le sebōpeho sa motho ho tsoa ho CT scans..
Lifeme tsa likoloi li sebelisa tšepe AM bakeng sa prototyping e potlakileng, masakana a bobebe, le likarolo tsa lebelo la tšebetso e holimo moo tšebetso e fetang litšenyehelo.
Liindasteri tsa lisebelisoa li rua molemo ho tsoa ho hlobo e pholileng e pholileng e fokotsang nako ea potoloho ka hoo e ka bang 70%, ho eketsa ts'ebetso tlhahisong ea bongata.
Ha litheko tsa moetsi li ntse li tsoela pele ho ba holimo (200k– 2M), litheko tse fokotsehang, tlhahiso e ntlafetseng, 'me mehloli ea lintlha tsa lihlahisoa tse netefalitsoeng e ntse e atolosa phihlello ea likhoebo tse mahareng le liofisi tsa lits'ebeletso.
4. Mathata le Litsela tsa Kamoso
4.1 Litšitiso tsa Setsebi le Kamohelo
Ho sa tsotellehe tsoelo-pele, tšepe AM e tobane le mathata a ho pheta-pheta, qualification, le maemo a maemo.
Phapang e nyane ea k'hemistri ea phofo, litaba tsa wetness web, kapa laser focus e ka fetola meaho ea mochini, e hlokang taolo e matla ya tshebetso le ho lebela sebakeng (mohlala, qhibiliha letamo la ho sesa lik'hamera tsa elektroniki, li-unit tsa acoustic sensing).
Ho fana ka tumello bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa bohlokoa tsa polokeho– haholo-holo liindastering tsa maeto a lifofane le tsa nyutlelie– e hloka netefatso e felletseng ea lipalo tlasa meaho e kang ASTM F42, ISO/ASTM 52900, le NADCAP, e telele ebile e turu.
Mekhoa ea ho sebelisa phofo hape, dikotsi tsa tshilafatso, le khaello ea lintho tse hlokahalang lefatšeng ka bophara le ho feta ho rarahana khoebong.
Boiteko bo ntse bo tsoela pele ho theha mafahla a elektroniki a hokahanyang lintlha tsa tšebetso le tšebetso ea likarolo, e nolofalletsang netefatso ea boleng bo boletsoeng esale pele le ho latelloa.
4.2 Mekhoa e Tsoang le Lisebelisoa tsa Meloko e Tlang
Lintlafatso tsa nako e tlang li kenyelletsa litsamaiso tse ngata tsa laser (4– 12 lisebelisoa tsa laser) e leng eona e eketsang litheko tsa kaho haholo, lisebelisoa tsa lebasetere tse kenyelletsang AM le mochini oa CNC tsamaisong e le 'ngoe, le in-situ alloying bakeng sa litlolo tse iketselitsoeng.
Sistimi ea litsebi e ntse e kenyelletsoa bakeng sa ho lemoha bothata ka nako ea 'nete le ho lokisa maemo a feto-fetohang nakong ea khatiso.
Boiteko bo tšoarellang bo shebane le ho sebelisoa hape ha phofshoana e koetsoeng, lehlaseli le baballang matla la mehloli ea khanya, le litlhahlobo tsa potoloho ea bophelo ho lekanya melemo ea tikoloho ho feta mekhoa e tloaelehileng.
Ho etsa lipatlisiso ka li-laser tsa ultrafast, chilly spray AM, 'me khatiso ea magnetic field-assisted e ka' na ea feta lithibelo tse teng ho reflectivity, khatello ea maikutlo le matšoenyeho khafetsa, le taolo ea ho tsamaisa lijo-thollo.
Ha lintlafatso tsena li ntse li hola, Khatiso ea tšepe ea 3D e tla fetoha ho tloha ho sesebelisoa sa prototyping sa niche ho ea ho mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa tlhahiso– ho bopa bocha hore na likarolo tsa tšepe tsa boleng bo holimo li etsoa joang, entsoe, le ho lokolloa limmarakeng.
5. Morekisi
TRUNNANO ke morekisi oa Spherical Tungsten Powder e nang le over 12 lilemo tsa boiphihlelo ba ho boloka matla a nano-building le nts'etsopele ea nanotechnology. E amohela tefo ka Credit Card, T/T, West Union le Paypal. Trunnano e tla romella thepa ho bareki ba mose ho maoatle ka FedEx, DHL, ka moea, kapa ka lewatle. Haeba u batla ho tseba haholoanyane ka Spherical Tungsten Powder, ka kopo ikutloe u lokolohile ho ikopanya le rona le ho romela potso.
Li-tag: 3d khatiso, 3d ho hatisa phofo ea tšepe, phofo metallurgy 3d khatiso
Lingoliloeng tsohle le litšoantšo li tsoa Marang-rang. Haeba ho na le litaba tsa copyright, ka kopo ikopanye le rona ka nako ho hlakola.
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