1. Imiqondo Eyisisekelo Nedivayisi Yomsebenzi
1.1 I-Interfacial Thermodynamics kanye ne-Surface Area Energy Inflection
(Khipha umenzeli)
Abamele ukukhishwa bangamakhemikhali akhethekile akhiwe ukuze amise okunamathiselwe okungafuneki phakathi kwezindawo ezimbili, okuningi okuvamise ukuba umkhiqizo onamandla kanye nesikhunta noma i-substrate ngesikhathi sezinqubo zokukhiqiza.
Isici sabo esiyinhloko ukudala isikhathi esifushane, isixhumi esibonakalayo esinamandla aphansi esikhuthaza ukubhidlizwa okuhlanzekile nangempumelelo ngaphandle kokulimaza into eqediwe noma ukungcolisa indawo yayo engaphezulu.
Lokhu kuziphatha kulawulwa yi-interfacial thermodynamics, lapho i-ejenti yokukhulula inciphisa amandla endaweni yesikhunta, ukunciphisa umsebenzi wesibopho phakathi kwesikhunta nesikhutha kanye nomkhiqizo okhulayo– ngokuvamile ama-polymers, ukhonkolo, izinsimbi, noma izinhlanganisela.
Ngokwakha mncane, ungqimba lomhlatshelo, ama-launch agents aphazamisa ukuxhumana kwamangqamuzana njengamabutho e-van der Waals, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-hydrogen, noma ukuxhumanisa kwamakhemikhali okungaholela ekunamatheleni noma ekudabukeni.
Ukusebenza kwe-ejenti yokuqalisa kuncike emandleni ayo okunamathela ngokuncamelayo endaweni yesikhunta kuyilapho ingasasebenzi futhi ingamanzisi emkhiqizweni ocolisisiwe..
Lesi senzo sokucophelela esihlanganisa ubuso siqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhlukana kwenzeka emngceleni we-ejenti-wezinto kunokuba ngaphakathi kwento ngokwayo noma ku-interface yomsebenzisi ye-ejenti yesikhunta..
1.2 Ukwahlukaniswa Ngokusekelwe KuKhemistri kanye Nendlela Yokufaka Isicelo
Ama-ejenti okuqalisa ahlukaniswa kabanzi abe izigaba ezintathu: okomhlatshelo, kancane unomphela, futhi unomphela, ukuthembela ekuqineni kwabo kanye nemvamisa yokusetshenziswa kabusha.
Abenzeli bomhlatshelo, njengamanzi- noma izendlalelo ezisekelwe ku-solvent, yakha imuvi engasebenziseki kabusha esuswa nengxenye futhi kufanele isetshenziswe kabusha ngemva komjikelezo ngamunye; zisetshenziswa kabanzi ekulungiseni ukudla, ukusabalalisa ukhonkolo, nokubumba irabha.
Ama-ejenti ahlala unomphela, ngokuvamile kusekelwe phezu silicones, ama-fluoropolymers, noma ama-stearates ensimbi, isibopho samakhemikhali endaweni engaphezulu yesikhunta futhi ime emijikelezweni eminingana yokuqalisa ngaphambi kokuphinda kufakwe isicelo, ukusebenzisa izindleko kanye nokonga kwezimali zabasebenzi ekukhiqizeni umthamo omkhulu.
Amasistimu okukhipha isikhathi eside, njengekhabhoni efana nedayimane efakwe kwi-plasma (I-DLC) noma ama-fluorinated finishings, nika okuhlala njalo, izindawo ezihlala isikhathi eside ezihlangana phakathi kwesikhunta kanye nesikhutha futhi zimelane nokuguga, imfudumalo, kanye nokuwohloka kwamakhemikhali.
Izindlela zohlelo lokusebenza ziyahlukahluka ukusuka ekushayeni izandla nasekuhlanzeni kuya kungqimba lwamarola okuzenzakalelayo kanye nokumiswa kwe-electrostatic, ngokuzikhethela kuye ngezidingo zokunemba, isikali sokukhiqiza, kanye nokucatshangelwa kwemvelo.
( Khipha umenzeli)
2. Ukubunjwa Kwamakhemikhali kanye Nesixazululo Somkhiqizo
2.1 I-organic and Not Natural Launch Agent Chemistries
Ukuhlukahluka kwamakhemikhali kwabamele ukukhululwa kubonisa inhlobonhlobo yezinto ezisetshenziswayo nezimo okufanele zivumelane nazo.
Abamele i-silicone-based, ikakhulukazi i-polydimethylsiloxane (I-PDMS), ziphakathi kwezinye eziguquguqukayo kakhulu ngenxa yengcindezi yazo ephansi (~ 21 mN/m), ukuphepha okushisayo (cishe 250 °C), kanye nokuhambisana nama-polymers, izinsimbi, kanye nama-elastomers.
Ama-Fluorinated agents, ehlanganisa i-PTFE diffusions kanye ne-perfluoropolyethers (PFPE), inikeza futhi amandla endaweni encishisiwe kanye nokumelana namakhemikhali okukhethekile, ukubenza bafaneleke ezindaweni ezinobutha noma izinhlelo zokusebenza zokuhlanzeka okuphezulu njenge-semiconductor encapsulation.
I-Metallic stearates, ikakhulukazi i-calcium ne-zinc stearate, ngokuvamile zisetshenziswa ekubumbeni kwe-thermoset kanye ne-powder metallurgy ukuze zigcobe, ukuphepha okushisayo, kanye nokukhululeka kokusabalalisa ezinhlelweni zezinto ezibonakalayo.
Okokuthintana nokudla kanye nezicelo zemithi, abamele ukukhululwa okudliwayo njengamafutha e-veggie, i-lecithin, namafutha amaminerali asetshenziswa, ngokulandela i-FDA kanye ne-EU amazinga wokubusa.
Akubona abameleli bemvelo abafana ne-graphite ne-molybdenum disulfide abasetshenziswa ekufakeni insimbi enezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye ne-die-casting., lapho izinto zemvelo beziyobola khona.
2.2 Izithako Zokwakha kanye Nokuqinisa Ukusebenza
Ama-ejenti akhipha izimboni awawona neze izinto ezimsulwa; zidalwe ngezithasiselo zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza, ezokuphepha, nezici zohlelo lokusebenza.
Ama-Emulsifiers avumela i-silicone esekelwe emanzini noma i-wax dispersions ukuthi ihlale ivikelekile futhi isakazeke ngokulinganayo endaweni yokukhunta kanye nesikhunta..
Ama-thickeners alawula ukushuba kokwakheka kwe-movie okungaguquki, kuyilapho ama-biocides evikela ekuthuthukisweni kwamagciwane ekwakhekeni kwamanzi.
Ukuvimbela ukuwohloka kuvikela isikhunta sensimbi ekufakweni kwe-oxidation, Okubaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni ezinomswakama noma lapho kusetshenziswa abamele amanzi.
Iziqinisi movie, njengama-silane noma abamele abaxhumanisayo, thuthukisa impilo ende yezingubo ezihlala njalo, ukwandisa impilo yabo yesevisi.
Izincibilikisi noma abahlinzeki besevisi– ihlukahluka kusuka ku-aliphatic hydrocarbons kuya ku-ethanol– zikhethwa ngokusekelwe enanini lokulahla, ukuphepha, kanye nethonya lemvelo, ngokukhuphula umsebenzi wemakethe ubheke ku-low-VOC kanye nezinhlelo ezisekelwe emanzini.
3. Izicelo Kuwo wonke ama-Industrial Sectors
3.1 Ukucutshungulwa kwePolymer kanye Nokukhiqiza Okuhlanganisiwe
Ekubumbeni isibhamu, ukucindezela ukubumba, kanye nokukhishwa kwepulasitiki nerabha, abameleli bokwethulwa baqinisekisa ukuthi i-ejection yengxenye engenasici futhi igcina ukumbozwa komhlaba kuyikhwalithi ephezulu.
Zibalulekile ekukhiqizeni amajiyometri ayinkimbinkimbi, izindawo ezihlukile, noma ama-high-gloss coatings lapho ngisho nokunamathiselwe okuncane kungadala izinkinga zobuhle noma ukwehluleka kwesakhiwo.
Ekukhiqizeni okuhlanganisiwe– njengama-polymers ane-carbon fiber-reinforced (I-CFRP) esetshenziswa emikhakheni ye-aerospace neyezimoto– abameleli bokukhululwa kufanele bamele izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokuphulukisa kanye nezingcindezi ngenkathi begwema ukopha kwe-resin noma ukulimala kwe-fiber.
Izindwangu ze-peel ply ezivundiswa ngabameleli bokuqalisa ngokuvamile zisetshenziselwa ukwakha isakhiwo sendawo elawulwayo ukuze kuhlanganiswe okuphumelelayo., ukususa isidingo sokuthungatha isihlabathi ngemuva kokubunjwa.
3.2 Isakhiwo, Ukusebenza ngensimbi, kanye nokuhamba komsebenzi kwasefekthri
Ku-formwork yekhonkrithi, ama-ejenti okuqalisa amisa izinto zikasimende ukuthi zihlangane nensimbi noma isikhunta sokhuni kanye nesikhutha, ukugcina kokubili ukuzinza kwesakhiwo kwesici sabadlali kanye nokusetshenziswa kabusha kohlobo.
Ziphinde zikhuphule izinga lokushelela kanye nokumatanisa okuphansi noma amabala, ukufaka isandla ekwakheni ukubukeka okuphathekayo.
Ekubunjweni kwensimbi nasekwakheni, ama-ejenti okuqalisa asebenza imisebenzi emibili njengezinto zokugcoba kanye nezithiyo zokushisa, ukunciphisa ukungqubuzana nokuvikela kuyafa ngenxa yokukhathala okushisayo.
I-graphite esekelwe emanzini noma ukumiswa kwe-ceramic ngokuvamile kuyasetshenziswa, ukuhlinzeka ngokupholisa okusheshayo nokukhululwa okungaguquguquki kumugqa wokuhlanganisa onesivinini esikhulu.
Okomaka kwensimbi yeshidi, ukuheha amakhompiyutha ahlanganisa abameleli abakhululwayo kunciphisa ukuqhuma nokuklebhula ngesikhathi sezinqubo zokudonsa okujulile.
4. Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezobuchwepheshe kanye Nezitayela Zokusimama
4.1 Izisetshenziswa zokwethula ezihlakaniphile neziphendulayo
Ubuchwepheshe obusafufusa bugxile kuma-ejenti okukhululwa ahlakaniphile asabela ekuvuselelweni kwangaphandle okufana nezinga lokushisa, ukukhanya, noma i-pH ukuze unike amandla ukuhlukaniswa okudingekayo.
Ngokwesibonelo, ama-polymers aphendulayo angashintsha asuke e-hydrophobic aye ezifundeni ze-hydrophilic lapho eshisa, ukushintsha okunamathiselwe kobuso nokwethulwa okuphromotha.
Izendlalelo ezihlukanisekayo isithombe ziwohloka ngaphansi kokukhanya kwe-UV, ukunika amandla i-delamination elawulwayo ku-microfabrication noma ukupakishwa komkhiqizo wedijithali.
Lezi zinhlelo ezihlakaniphile zibaluleke kakhulu ekukhiqizeni okunembayo, ukukhiqizwa kwedivayisi yomtholampilo, kanye nobuchwepheshe besimanje bokubumba obugaywa kabusha lapho buhlanzekile, ukuhlukana okungenazinsalela kubalulekile.
4.2 Ukucatshangelwa Kwemvelo kanye Nenhlalakahle
Umthelela wemvelo wabamele ukukhululwa ucutshungulwa kancane kancane, ubuchwepheshe bokushayela bubheke ekuwohlokeni ngokwemvelo, iphephile, kanye nezixazululo ezikhipha umoya omncane.
Ama-agent asekelwe ku-solvent athathelwa indawo yizixazululo ezisekelwe emanzini ukuze kuncishiswe inhlanganisela yezinto eziphilayo eziguquguqukayo (I-VOC) ikhipha futhi ithuthukise ukuphepha kwendawo yokusebenza.
Ama-agent aphuma ku-bio-derived aphuma kumafutha ezitshalo noma i-eco-friendly feedstocks athola amandla ekupakishweni kokudla kanye nokukhiqizwa okuqhubekayo.
Ukusebenzisa kabusha izithiyo– njengokungcoliswa kwemifudlana yemfucuza yepulasitiki ngamadiphozithi e-silicone– zicupha ucwaningo lwamakhemistri akhipheka ngokushesha noma ahambisanayo.
Ukuhambisana nomthetho ne-REACH, I-RoHS, kanye namazinga e-OSHA njengamanje ayindlela yokunquma yesitayela emaphakathi ekuthuthukisweni komkhiqizo omusha sha.
Ekuphetheni, ama-release agents angamandla adingekayo wokukhiqiza kwesimanje, esebenza ekuxhumaneni komsebenzisi okubalulekile phakathi kwempahla nesikhunta kanye nesikhutha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza, izinga eliphezulu, nokuphindaphinda.
Isayensi yabo ihlanganisa i-surface area chemistry, ubunjiniyela bemikhiqizo, kanye nokwenza ngcono inqubo, ekhombisa umsebenzi wabo obalulekile ezimakethe ezihluka kusuka kwezakhiwe kuya kobuchwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe obuphezulu.
Njengokwenza intuthuko ebheke ku-automation, ukusimama, nokunemba, ukwethulwa okuthuthukisiwe kwezobuchwepheshe besimanje ngokuqinisekile kuzohlala kudlala umsebenzi obalulekile ekuvumeleni izinhlelo zokukhiqiza zesizukulwane esilandelayo.
5. Suppier
I-Cabr-Concrete ingumphakeli ngaphansi kwe-TRUNNO ye-Calcium Aluminate Cement ene-over 12 Iminyaka yokuhlangenwe nakho kwe-nano-building energy ukongiwa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwe-nanotechnology. Yamukela inkokhelo ngekhadi lesikweletu, T/T, I-West Union ne-Paypal. I-TRUNNO izothumela izimpahla kumakhasimende aphesheya kwezilwandle nge-FedEx, I-DHL, ngomoya, noma ngolwandle. Uma ufuna i-ejenti yokukhulula ukhonkolo esekelwe emanzini, sicela ukhululeke ukuxhumana nathi futhi uthumele uphenyo.
Omaka: ama-concrete release agents, i-ejenti yokukhululwa esekelwe emanzini,i-ejenti yokukhululwa kwesikhunta esisekelwe emanzini
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