1. Muhimman Kimiyya da Nano Architectural Design na Airgel Coatings
1.1 Asalin da Fassarar Tufafin Tushen Aerogel
(Airgel Coatings)
Rufin Airgel yana wakiltar yanayin canji na samfuran aiki waɗanda aka samo daga babban gidan aerogels– matsananci-porous, ƙananan daskararrun daskararrun shahararru na ban mamaki na yanayin zafi, babban yanki, da tsarin wutar lantarki na nanoscale.
Ba kamar na al'ada monolithic aerogels, waxanda yawanci suna da rauni kuma suna da wuya a haɗa su cikin rikitattun geometries, Airgel yadudduka ana amfani da su azaman siriri fina-finai ko saman yanki yadudduka a kan substratums kamar karfe, polymers, yadudduka, ko kayayyakin gini.
Waɗannan yadudduka suna riƙe ainihin kaddarorin manyan aerogels– musamman su nanoscale porosity da rage thermal watsin– yayin samar da ingantaccen ƙarfin injina, m, da sauƙi na aikace-aikace tare da dabarun kamar feshi, tsoma-shafi, ko sarrafa-zuwa-birgima.
Babban bangaren da yawa airgel yadudduka ne silica (SiO BIYU), ko da yake crossbreed tsarin hada da polymers, carbon, ko yumbu na gaba ana amfani da su sosai don daidaita ayyuka.
Ƙayyadaddun sifa na suturar airgel shine cibiyar sadarwar nanostructured, wanda yawanci ya ƙunshi nanoparticles masu haɗin haɗin gwiwa suna ƙirƙirar pores tare da masu girma dabam a ƙasa 100 nanometers– karami fiye da ma'anar kyauta ta hanyar barbashi na iska.
Wannan ƙuntatawa na gine-gine da nagarta sosai yana danne iskar gas da canja wurin zafi, yin Airgel ya ƙare a cikin ɗayan insulators mafi aminci da aka sani.
1.2 Hannun Rubutu da Hanyoyin bushewa
Gina suturar iska ta fara ne tare da samar da hanyar sadarwa mai damp gel ta hanyar sinadarai na sol-gel, inda kwayoyin gaba-gaba irin su tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) a sha hydrolysis da halayen natsuwa a cikin matsakaicin ruwa don samar da hanyar sadarwa ta silica mai girma uku..
Ana iya daidaita wannan hanya mai kyau don sarrafa girman pore, bit ilimin halittar jiki, da yawan haɗin giciye ta hanyar daidaita ƙayyadaddun bayanai kamar pH, rabon ruwa-zuwa-precursor, da kuma irin direba.
Da zarar an ƙirƙiri hanyar sadarwar gel a cikin saitin fim ɗin siriri a kan ƙasa, Muhimmin cikas ya rataya akan kawar da ruwan bututun da ba tare da ya rushe nanostructure mai laushi ba– matsalar da aka saba warware ta ta hanyar bushewa mai mahimmanci.
A supercritical bushewa fita, da sauran ƙarfi (kullum barasa ko CO ₂) ana dumama kuma ana matsawa fiye da mahimmancinsa, kawar da mahaɗar ruwa- tururi da kuma dakatar da damuwa na capillary wanda ya haifar da raguwa.
Yayin da inganci, wannan dabarar tana da ƙarfin kuzari kuma ba ta dace da aikace-aikacen Layer babba ko a cikin wurin ba.
( Airgel Coatings)
Don kawar da waɗannan ƙuntatawa, ci gaba a cikin bushewar damuwa na yanayi (APD) a zahiri sun ba da izinin samar da kayan kwalliyar iska mai ƙarfi ba tare da buƙatar na'urori masu ƙarfi ba.
Ana samun wannan ta hanyar daidaitawar saman cibiyar sadarwar silica ta amfani da wakilan silyating (misali, trimethylchlorosilane), wanda ke maye gurbin ƙungiyoyin hydroxyl na saman tare da ƙwayoyin hydrophobic, rage karfin capillaries a lokacin evaporation.
Sakamakon abin rufe fuska yana kula da porosities wuce gona da iri 90% kuma kauri kamar ƙasa da 0.1– 0.3 g/cm ³, kare aikin su na kariya yayin da yake ba da damar masana'anta masu daidaitawa.
2. Halayen Halayen Ƙarfin Ƙarfafawa da Kanikanci
2.1 Insulation na Musamman na thermal da Dumi Canja wurin
Shahararrun kaddarorin da aka fi sani da su na rufin airgel shine ƙarancin ƙarancin zafin su, kullum daban-daban daga 0.012 ku 0.020 W/m · K a yanayin yanayi– daidai da har yanzu iska kuma da ban mamaki ƙasa da kayan rufi na gargajiya kamar polyurethane (0.025– 0.030 W/m · K )ko ma'adinai ulu (0.035– 0.040 W/m · K).
Wannan ingantaccen aiki ya samo asali ne daga saiti uku na hanyoyin kawar da canja wuri mai mahimmanci a cikin nanostructure: ƙaramin m watsa saboda bakin ciki cibiyar sadarwa na silica ligaments, ƙaramin iskar iska saboda watsawar Knudsen a cikin ƙananan pores-100 nm, da kuma rage radiative canja wuri ta hanyar doping ko pigment kayan haɓɓaka aiki.
A cikin aikace-aikace masu ma'ana, har ma da bakin ciki yadudduka (1– 5 mm) na gamawar airgel zai iya cimma juriya na thermal (R-darajar) kwatankwacin kauri na gargajiya da yawa, ba da damar salon takurawar sararin samaniya a cikin sararin samaniya, envelopes masu tasowa, da na'urorin hannu.
Haka kuma, airgel yadudduka suna nuna amintaccen aiki a cikin kewayon zafin jiki, daga matsalar cryogenic (-200 ° C )zuwa matsakaicin yanayin zafi (kusan 600 ° C don tsarin siliki mai tsabta), sanya su dace da yanayi mai tsanani.
Za a iya ƙara haɓaka ƙarancin fitar da su da kuma hasken hasken rana ta hanyar ƙarfafa infrared-reflective pigments ko multilayer architectures., inganta garkuwar radiyo a aikace-aikacen fallasa hasken rana.
2.2 Karfin Injini da Daidaituwar Substrate
Ko da kuwa matsananciyar porosity, Ƙarshen Airgel na zamani yana nuna ƙarfin injina mai ban mamaki, musamman a lokacin da aka ƙarfafa tare da polymer binders ko nanofibers.
Crossbreed Organic-inorganic formulations, kamar waɗanda ke haɗa silica aerogels tare da polymers, epoxies, ko polysiloxanes, haɓaka daidaitawa, mannewa, da juriya mai tasiri, damar da shafi don jure vibration, hawan keke na thermal, da ƙananan abrasion.
Waɗannan tsarin haɗin gwiwar suna kiyaye kyakkyawan aikin rufewa yayin da suke cim ma haɓakawa a ƙimar karya har zuwa 5– 10%, kariya daga karyewa a karkashin matsin lamba.
Haɗin kai zuwa sassa daban-daban– karfe, aluminum, kankare, gilashin, da m foils– yana samuwa tare da priming surface, sinadaran hada wakilai, ko haɗin kai a cikin wurin duk lokacin jiyya.
Bugu da kari, Airgel yadudduka za a iya ƙera su zama hydrophobic ko superhydrophobic, Tsayar da ruwa da dakatar da shigar dampness wanda zai iya lalata ingancin rufin ko haɓaka lalata.
Wannan haɗin gwiwar ƙarfin injin da juriya na muhalli yana inganta tsawon rayuwa a waje, marine, da kuma masana'antu saitin.
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3.1 Acoustic Damping and Audio Insulation Capability
Bayan thermal management, Airgel ya ƙare yana nuna yuwuwar yuwuwar a cikin rufin sauti saboda buɗaɗɗen nanostructure ɗin su., wanda ke watsar da kuzarin sauti ta hanyar asara mai kauri da gogayya ta ciki.
Cibiyar sadarwa ta nanopore mai raɗaɗi tana hana yaduwar raƙuman sauti, musamman a tsakiyar-zuwa-high na yau da kullum iri-iri, yin aikin Airgel yana da inganci wajen rage hayaniya a cikin ɗakunan sararin samaniya, bangarori na mota, da ginin bangon bango.
Lokacin da aka haɗa tare da yadudduka na viscoelastic ko gwagwarmayar micro-perforated tare da, Tsarin tushen aerogel na iya cim ma shayar da sautin faɗaɗa tare da ƙarin nauyi kaɗan– muhimmiyar fa'ida a aikace-aikace masu nauyi.
Wannan multifunctionality yana ba da damar ƙira na haɗakar da shinge na thermal-acoustic, Rage buƙatu don yawa daban-daban yadudduka a cikin m saituna sama.
3.2 Juriya na Wuta da Abubuwan Rage Hayaki
Rufin Airgel ba sa ƙonewa, kamar yadda tsarin tushen silica baya ƙara mai zuwa wuta kuma yana iya tsayayya da matakan zafin jiki da kyau akan abubuwan ƙonewa na kayan gini na yau da kullun da gini da kuma rufi..
Lokacin da alaƙa da abubuwan da ke ƙonewa kamar itace, polymers, ko textiles, Airgel coatings aiki a matsayin thermal cikas, jinkirta canja wurin zafi da pyrolysis, don haka haɓaka juriya na wuta da haɓaka lokacin tserewa.
Wasu dabaru sun haɗa da ƙari na intumescent ko dopants masu hana harshen wuta (misali, sinadarin phosphorus ko boron) wanda ke fadada akan dumama, ƙirƙira ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan abin da ke ƙasa.
Bugu da kari, sabanin yawancin rufin tushen polymer, Airgel yadudduka suna haifar da ƙaramar hayaki kuma ba mai cutarwa ba lokacin da aka yi zafi mai yawa, inganta aminci a cikin rufaffiyar mahalli kamar tunnels, jiragen ruwa, da manyan gine-gine.
4. Masana'antu da Tashe Aikace-aikace a Dukan Sassan
4.1 Ingantacciyar Makamashi a Gine-gine da Kayayyakin Masana'antu
Ƙarshen Airgel suna canza sauƙin gudanarwar thermal a cikin salo da tsari.
Aiwatar da windows, bango saman, da rufin rufi, suna rage dumama gida da tan mai sanyaya ta hanyar rage ɗumi mai ɗaiɗai da haske, yana ba da gudummawa ga shimfidar gine-ginen makamashi na net-zero.
m airgel shafi, musamman, ba da izinin watsawa na rana yayin toshe riba mai zafi, yin su cikakke don hasken sama da saman bangon labule.
A cikin bututun masana'antu da tankunan ajiya, Rufin aerogel mai rufi yana rage asarar wuta a cikin tururi, cryogenic, da aiwatar da tsarin ruwa, inganta aikin aiki da rage yawan shaye-shaye.
Bayanan martaba na bakin ciki yana ba da damar sake gyarawa a cikin wuraren da ke da iyaka inda ba za a iya shigar da daidaitaccen sutura ba.
4.2 Jirgin sama, Tsaro, da Assimilation Innovation mai Sawa
A cikin sararin samaniya, rufin airgel sun amintar da abubuwan da suka dace daga matsanancin yanayin yanayin zafi a cikin sake shigar da sararin samaniya ko ayyukan sararin samaniya..
Ana amfani da su a cikin tsarin kariya na thermal (TPS), gidaje tauraron dan adam, da kuma 'yan saman jannati fit linings, inda ajiyar nauyi kai tsaye ya canza zuwa saukar da farashin ƙaddamarwa.
A aikace-aikacen kariya, Yadudduka masu rufi na aerogel suna ba da rufin zafi mai sauƙi don ma'aikata da kayan aiki a cikin yanayin arctic ko hamada.
Fasahar da za a iya sawa daga mahaɗan airgel iri-iri waɗanda ke adana zafin jiki a cikin riguna masu hikima, kayan aiki na waje, da tsarin manufofin thermal na likita.
Bugu da kari, Binciken yana gano ƙarewar airgel tare da raka'o'in ji ko kayan canjin lokaci (PCMs) don sassauƙa, rufi mai karɓa wanda ke daidaita matsalolin muhalli.
Daga karshe, rufin airgel yana misalta ƙarfin aikin injiniya na nanoscale don magance matsalolin ma'auni a cikin makamashi, tsaro, da dorewa.
Ta hanyar haɗa ƙananan ƙarancin zafin jiki tare da sassauƙar injiniyoyi da iya aiki da yawa, suna sake fasalin iyakokin aikin injiniyan saman.
Yayin da farashin samarwa ya ragu kuma hanyoyin aikace-aikacen sun zama mafi inganci, an saita murfin airgel don zama samfuri na yau da kullun a cikin rufin ƙarni na gaba, tsarin aminci, da kuma filaye masu hankali a cikin kasuwanni.
5. Bara
Cabr-Concrete shine mai samar da Kankare Admixture tare da kari 12 shekaru na gwaninta a cikin nano-ginin makamashi kiyayewa da nanotechnology ci gaban. Yana karɓar biyan kuɗi ta Katin Kiredit, T/T, West Union da Paypal. TRUNNANO zai jigilar kaya ga abokan ciniki a ketare ta hanyar FedEx, Farashin DHL, ta iska, ko ta teku. Idan kana neman babban ingancin Concrete Admixture, da fatan za a ji daɗin tuntuɓar mu kuma ku aiko da tambaya.
Tags:Airgel Coatings, Silica Airgel Thermal Insulation Coating, thermal rufi shafi
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