1. Sayensị dị mkpa na Nhazi Nanoarchitectural nke mkpuchi Airgel
1.1 Mmalite na nkọwa nke mkpuchi mkpuchi dabeere na Aerogel
(Mkpuchi Airgel)
Mkpuchi Airgel na-anọchi anya usoro mgbanwe nke ngwaahịa na-arụ ọrụ sitere na ezinụlọ sara mbara nke aerogels– ultra-porous, ihe siri ike dị obere ma ama maka mkpuchi ọkụ ha dị ịrịba ama, elu ebe, na nanoscale architectural ike Ọdịdị.
N'adịghị ka ot monolithic aerogels, nke na-adịkarị ngwa ngwa ma sie ike itinye n'ime geometric dị mgbagwoju anya, A na-eji akwa ikuku airgel dị ka ihe nkiri slim ma ọ bụ n'ígwé dị n'elu ala dị ka nchara, polymers, akwa, ma ọ bụ ngwaahịa ihe owuwu.
N'ígwé ndị a na-ejigide ihe ndị bụ isi nke aerogels buru ibu– karịsịa ha nanoscale porosity na belata thermal conductivity– mgbe ọ na-enye nkwalite n'ibu siri ike, vasatility, na mfe nke ngwa na azum dị ka spraying, itinye-nkpuchi, ma ọ bụ nhazi mpịakọta na mpịakọta.
Akụkụ bụ isi nke ọtụtụ ikuku airgel bụ silica (SiO Abụọ), ọ bụ ezie na usoro crossbreed na-ejikọta polymers, carbon, ma ọ bụ ndị na-ebu ụzọ seramiiki ka a na-eji nke ọma mee ka ọ rụọ ọrụ.
Ụdị njirimara nke mkpuchi airgel bụ netwọk nanostructured ha, nke nanoparticles jikọtara ọnụ na-ekekarị pores nwere nha n'okpuru 100 nanometers– obere karịa pụtara ekele ụzọ nke ikuku ahụ.
Mgbochi ụkpụrụ ụlọ a na-ebelata nke ọma ikuku gas na mbufe ọkụ convective, na-eme ka airgel gwụ n'etiti otu n'ime ihe mkpuchi thermal a pụrụ ịdabere na ya.
1.2 Ụzọ nchịkọta na usoro ihicha
Owuwu nke mkpuchi airgel na-amalite site na nguzobe netwọk gel dị mmiri mmiri site na kemịkalụ sol-gel, Ebe ndị na-ebu ụzọ molekụla dị ka tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) na-enweta hydrolysis na mmeghachi omume condensation na mmiri mmiri iji mepụta netwọk silica nwere akụkụ atọ..
Enwere ike ịhazi usoro a nke ọma iji chịkwaa nha pore, bit morphology, na njupụta na-ejikọta ọnụ site na imezi nkọwa dị ka pH, oke mmiri na-ebute ụzọ, na ụdị ọkwọ ụgbọ ala.
Ozugbo e mepụtara netwọk gel n'ime nhazi ihe nkiri dị nro na substratum, Ihe mgbochi dị oke mkpa na-adabere na ikpochapụ mmiri mmiri pore na-emebighị nanostructure siri ike– nsogbu a na-edozi site na ihicha nke ukwuu.
Na supercritical ihicha, ihe mgbaze (n'ozuzu mmanya ma ọ bụ CO ₂) na-ekpo ọkụ na nrụgide karịa ebe ọ dị oke egwu, ikpochapụ ihe ikuku-vepor interface na ịkwụsị nrụgide capillary na-akpata mbelata.
Mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma, Usoro a na-agbasi ike ma na-adịchaghị mma maka ngwa oyi akwa ma ọ bụ n'ime ọnọdụ.
( Mkpuchi Airgel)
Iji kpochapụ ihe mgbochi ndị a, ọganihu na ambient stress ihicha (APD) ekwewo n'ezie mmepụta nke mkpuchi airgel siri ike na-enweghị mkpa ngwaọrụ nrụgide dị elu.
A na-enweta nke a site na nhazi elu nke netwọk silica site na iji ndị nnọchiteanya silylating (eg, trimethylchlorosilane), nke na-eji akụkụ hydrophobic dochie ìgwè hydroxyl elu, na-ebelata ike capillaries n'oge evaporation.
Ihe mkpuchi a na-esi na ya pụta na-eme ka porosities na-arị elu 90% na ọkpụrụkpụ dị ka 0.1– 0.3 g/cm ³, na-echebe arụmọrụ mkpuchi ha ma na-eme ka o kwe omume maka nrụpụta scalable.
2. Àgwà ọma okpomọkụ na igwe arụrụ arụ
2.1 Ihe mkpuchi ọkụ pụrụiche yana nkwụsị mbufe ọkụ
Ihe kacha mara amara nke ebe obibi nke mkpuchi airgel bụ conductivity thermal ha dị ala, n'ozuzu dị iche iche si 0.012 ka 0.020 W/m · K na ọnọdụ gburugburu– dakọtara ka ikuku na-adị ala karịa ihe mkpuchi ọdịnala dịka polyurethane (0.025– 0.030 W/m · K )ma ọ bụ mineral woolen (0.035– 0.040 W/m · K).
Ịrụ ọrụ a sitere na usoro atọ nke usoro nkwụsị mbufe ọkụ dị n'ime nanostructure.: ntakiri siri ike nnyefe n'ihi mkpa netwọk nke silica ligaments, Obere ikuku ikuku n'ihi mgbasa nke Knudsen na pores sub-100 nm, ma belata nnyefe radieshon site na doping ma ọ bụ nkwalite pigmenti.
N'ime ngwa ndị nwere ezi uche, ọbụna mkpa n'ígwé (1– 5 mm) nke airgel finishing nwere ike nweta nguzogide thermal (R-uru) iji tụnyere ihe mkpuchi ọdịnala dị oke oke, na-eme ka ụdị mmachi oghere dị na mbara igwe, envelopu na-emepe emepe, na ngwa mkpanaaka.
Ọzọkwa, Igwe ikuku airgel na-egosi arụmọrụ echedoro n'ofe oke oke okpomọkụ, site na nsogbu cryogenic (-200 Celsius C )iji belata oke okpomọkụ (ihe dị ka 600 Celsius C maka sistemu silica dị ọcha), na-eme ka ha dị mma maka gburugburu ebe obibi siri ike.
Enwere ike ịkwalite nzigharị ha dị ala na nleba anya nke anyanwụ site na nchikota nke pigmenti infrared-reflective pigments ma ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ multilayer., na-emeziwanye ihe nchebe radieshon na ngwa ekpughere anyanwụ.
2.2 Ndakọrịta n'ibu na igwe
N'agbanyeghị oke porosity ha, Ngwunye airgel nke oge a na-egosipụta ike siri ike na-eju anya, karịsịa ma ọ bụrụ na ejiri polymer binders ma ọ bụ nanofiber kwadoro ya.
Crossbreed organic-inorganic usoro, dị ka ndị na-ejikọta silica aerogels na polymers, epoxies, ma ọ bụ polysiloxanes, welie mgbanwe, adhesion, na mmetụta mgbochi, na-eme ka mkpuchi ahụ nwee ike ịtachi obi, thermal ịgba ígwè, na obere abrasion.
Sistemụ ngwakọ ndị a na-eme ka arụmọrụ mkpuchi dị mma ka ha na-arụ ọrụ elongation na ụkpụrụ nkwụsị ruo 5– 10%, na-echebe megide imebi n'okpuru nrụgide.
Nkwekọrịta na substratums dị iche iche– ígwè, aluminom, ihe, iko, na vasatail foils– a na-enweta ya na ntinye elu, chemical na-ejikọta ndị nnọchianya, ma ọ bụ njikọ n'ime ọnọdụ n'oge ọgwụgwọ.
Na mgbakwunye, Enwere ike imepụta akwa ikuku airgel ka ọ bụrụ hydrophobic ma ọ bụ superhydrophobic, ichughachi mmiri na ịkwụsị ịba mmiri nke nwere ike imebi arụmọrụ mkpuchi ma ọ bụ kwalite corrosion.
Nchikota a nke nrute igwe na nguzogide gburugburu ebe obibi na-eme ka ogologo ndu di n'èzí, mmiri, na ulo oru setups.
3. Ngwakọta bara uru yana ngwakọta multifunctional
3.1 Acoustic Damping na Audio mkpuchi ike
N'ofe nchịkwa thermal, Emechara airgel gosipụtara ikike dị ukwuu na mkpuchi mkpuchi n'ihi nanostructure ha mepere emepe., nke na-agbasa ike ụda site na nnukwu mfu na esemokwu dị n'ime.
Netwọk nanopore na-akpa ike na-egbochi mmụba nke ebili mmiri ụda, kpọmkwem na etiti-na-elu regularity iche iche, na-eme ka airgel rụchaa nke ọma n'ibelata mkpọtụ n'ime ụlọ ikuku, ogwe ụgbọ ala, na-ewu mgbidi elu.
Mgbe ejikọtara ya na viscoelastic n'ígwé ma ọ bụ obere perforated mgba mgba, Sistemụ dabere na aerogel nwere ike rụpụta nnabata ọdịyo brọdband yana obere ibu agbakwunyere– uru dị mkpa na ngwa nwere mmetụta dị arọ.
Nke a multifunctionality na-enyere imewe nke agbakwunyere thermal-acoustic mgbochi, ibelata ihe achọrọ maka ọtụtụ ọkwa dị iche iche na ntọala mgbagwoju anya elu.
3.2 Njirimara Mbelata ọkụ na Mbelata anwụrụ ọkụ
Ihe mkpuchi Airgel bụ ihe ebumpụta ụwa anaghị agba ọkụ, dị ka usoro ndị dabeere na silica adịghị etinye mmanụ ọkụ na ọkụ ma nwee ike ijigide ọkwa okpomọkụ nke ọma karịa ihe mgbanye nke ụlọ na ihe owuwu na ihe mkpuchi..
Mgbe metụtara ihe ndị na-ere ọkụ dị ka osisi, polymers, ma ọ bụ textiles, mkpuchi airgel na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ihe mgbochi okpomọkụ, na-egbu oge nnyefe ọkụ na pyrolysis, si otú ahụ na-akwalite nkwụsị ọkụ ma na-eme ka oge mgbapụ dịkwuo elu.
Ụfọdụ usoro na-agụnye mgbakwunye intumescent ma ọ bụ dopants na-egbochi ire ọkụ (eg, phosphorus ma ọ bụ boron) nke na-agbasa n'elu kpo oku, ịmepụta akwa mkpuchi charị nke na-echebe nke ọma ihe dị n'okpuru.
Na mgbakwunye, n'adịghị ka ọtụtụ mkpuchi dabere na polymer, Airgel n'ígwé na-emepụta obere anwụrụ ọkụ na ọ dịghị ihe na-emerụ ahụ mgbe a na-ekpo ọkụ dị elu, na-eme ka nchekwa dịkwuo mma n'ime gburugburu ekpuchiri dị ka tunnels, ụgbọ mmiri, na ụlọ ndị dị elu.
4. Ngwa ụlọ ọrụ na-ebilite na ngalaba niile
4.1 Ịrụ ọrụ ike n'ime ụlọ na ngwá ọrụ mmepụta ihe
Emechara Airgel na-agbanwe njikwa ọkụ dị mfe na ụdị na usoro.
Tinyere na windo, mgbidi elu, na elu ụlọ, ha na-ebelata ụda ọkụ na ikpo ọkụ n'ụlọ site n'ibelata ntụgharị ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na nke na-egbuke egbuke, na-enye aka na nhazi ụlọ ike net-efu.
Ihe mkpuchi airgel transperent, karịsịa, nye ohere nnyefe ụbọchị mgbe ị na-egbochi uru okpomọkụ, na-eme ka ha dị mma maka ihu igwe na mgbidi ákwà mgbochi.
Na ọkpọkọ ụlọ ọrụ na tankị nchekwa, mkpuchi mkpuchi aerogel na-ebelata mfu ike na uzuoku, cryogenic, na hazie usoro mmiri mmiri, na-eme ka arụ ọrụ dị mma na ibelata ikuku carbon.
Profaịlụ ha dị gịrịgịrị na-enye ohere ịmegharị na mpaghara nwere oke ohere ebe enweghị ike ịwụnye ihe mkpuchi ọkọlọtọ.
4.2 Igwe ikuku, Nchekwa, yana Assimilation Innovation Wearable
Na mbara igwe, mkpuchi airgel na-echekwa ihe ndị nwere mmetụta siri ike site na mgbanwe ọnọdụ okpomọkụ siri ike n'oge ntinyeghachi ikuku ma ọ bụ ebe omimi..
A na-eji ha na usoro nchebe okpomọkụ (TPS), ụlọ satịlaịtị, na astronaut dabara linings, ebe nchekwa arọ kwụ ọtọ na-atụgharị gaa na ọnụ ahịa mmalite ewedara ala.
Na ngwa nchedo, akwa mkpuchi aerogel na-enye mkpuchi ọkụ dị arọ maka ndị ọrụ na ngwaọrụ na ikuku arctic ma ọ bụ ọzara..
Nkà na ụzụ na-eyi uwe na-enweta site na ogige airgel dị iche iche na-echekwa okpomọkụ ahụ n'uwe mara mma, akụrụngwa n'èzí, na usoro iwu thermal atumatu.
Na mgbakwunye, Ọmụmụ ihe na-achọpụta mmecha airgel site na nkeji mmetụta agbakwunyere ma ọ bụ ihe mgbanwe oge (PCM) maka mgbanwe, ihe mkpuchi nke na-anabata nke na-adaba na nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi.
N'ikpeazụ, mkpuchi airgel na-egosipụta ike nke injinia nanoscale iji lebara ihe isi ike dị ukwuu na ike, nche, na nkwado.
Site na ijikọ ultra-low thermal conductivity na ngbanwe igwe na ikike multifunctional, ha na-akọwapụta oke nke injinia elu.
Ka mmepụta ihe na-efu ala yana ụzọ ngwa ngwa na-adịwanye irè karị, A na-edobe mkpuchi airgel ka ọ bụrụ ngwaahịa a na-ahụkarị na mkpuchi nke ọgbọ na-abịa, usoro nchekwa, na ọgụgụ isi elu ebe nile ahịa.
5. Rịọ
Cabr-Concrete bụ onye na-eweta ihe mgbakwunye ihe nwere ihe karịrị ya 12 afọ nke ahụmahụ na nano-ewu ike nchekwa na mmepe nanotechnology. Ọ na-anabata ịkwụ ụgwọ site na kaadị kredit, T/T, West Union na Paypal. TRUNNANO ga-ebuga ndị ahịa ngwaahịa ahụ na mba ofesi site na FedEx, DHL, site n'ikuku, ma ọ bụ site n'oké osimiri. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-achọ ihe dị elu Concrete Admixture, biko nweere onwe gị ịkpọtụrụ anyị wee ziga ajụjụ.
Tags:Mkpuchi Airgel, Silica Airgel Thermal mkpuchi mkpuchi, mkpuchi mkpuchi thermal
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