1. INzululwazi ebalulekileyo kunye noYilo lweNanoarchitectural yeAirgel Coatings
1.1 Imvelaphi kunye nokutolikwa kweeCoatings ezisekelwe kwi-Aerogel
(Iingubo ze-Airgel)
Izigqubuthelo ze-Airgel zimele ikhondo loguqulo lweemveliso ezisebenzayo ezivela kwikhaya elibanzi le-aerogels– i-ultra-porous, Izinto eziqinileyo ezinoxinano oluphantsi ezaziwayo ngokugquma kwe-thermal, indawo ephezulu, kunye nesakhiwo samandla okwakhiwa kwe-nanoscale.
Ngokungafaniyo ne-monolithic aerogels eqhelekileyo, ezidla ngokuba sesichengeni kwaye zinzima ukuzifaka kwiijometri ezintsonkothileyo, Iileya ze-airgel zisetyenziswa njengemiboniso bhanyabhanya ebhityileyo okanye iileya zommandla womphezulu kwii-substratum ezifana neentsimbi, iipholima, amalaphu, okanye iimveliso zokwakha.
Ezi maleko zigcina iimpawu ezingundoqo ze-aerogels ezininzi– ngakumbi i-nanoscale porosity yabo kunye nokunciphisa i-thermal conductivity– ngelixa unikezela ukuqina komatshini okongeziweyo, ukuguquguquka, kunye nokulula kwesicelo kunye nezicwangciso ezifana nokutshiza, idiphu-ukwaleka, okanye ukusetyenzwa kwe-roll-to-roll.
Inxalenye ephambili yeeleya ezininzi ze-airgel yisilica (SiO ZIMBINI), nangona iinkqubo ezixubeneyo zibandakanya iipolima, ikhabhoni, okanye izanduleli ze-ceramic zisetyenziswa ngokubalulekileyo ukwenza umsebenzi wazo.
Uphawu olucacileyo lweengubo ze-airgel yinethiwekhi yabo ye-nanostructured, ngokuqhelekileyo iqulunqwe ngama-nanoparticles adityanisiweyo okwenza iipores ezinobukhulu obungezantsi 100 iinanometers– incinci kunendlela encomekayo yamasuntswana omoya.
Esi sithintelo soyilo sicinezela ngokufanelekileyo ukuqhutywa kwegesi kunye nokuhanjiswa kobushushu obushushu., ukwenza i-airgel igqibe phakathi kwesinye sezona zigqumatheli ezithembekileyo ezaziwayo.
1.2 Iindlela zokuHlanganisa kunye neendlela zokomisa
Ukwakhiwa kweengubo zomoya ze-airgel kuqala ngokuyilwa kwenethiwekhi yejeli emanzi ngekhemikhali ye-sol-gel., apho abanduleli bemolekyuli njenge-tetraethyl orthosilicate (I-TEOS) zingene kwi-hydrolysis kunye ne-condensation reactions kwi-fluid medium ukwenza uthungelwano lwe-silica ene-dimensional-dimensional.
Le nkqubo inokulungiswa kakuhle ukulawula ubungakanani bepore, imorphology encinci, kunye noxinaniso oludityanisiweyo ngokuhlenga-hlengisa iinkcukacha ezifana ne-pH, amanzi-to-precursor ratio, kunye nomqhubi onobubele.
Nje ukuba uthungelwano lwejeli lwenziwe ngaphakathi kweseto yefilimu encinci kwi-substratum, Umqobo obalulekileyo uxhomekeke ekukhupheni ulwelo lwepore ngaphandle kokwaphula ubume be-nanostructure.– ingxaki ngokwesiko isonjululwe ngokomiswa ngokugqithisileyo.
Kwi-supercritical drying out, isinyibilikisi (utywala ngokubanzi okanye CO ₂) iyafudumala kwaye icinezelwe ngaphaya kwendawo yayo ebalulekileyo, ukususa ujongano lomphunga wolwelo kunye nokuyeka ukucutheka okubangelwa luxinzelelo lwe-capillary.
Ngelixa esebenzayo, obu buchule busebenza ngamandla kwaye bungaphantsi kobufaneleka kakhulu kusetyenziso olukhulu okanye lwe-in-situ.
( Iingubo ze-Airgel)
Ukulahla ezi zithintelo, ukuqhubela phambili kwimeko yokomisa uxinzelelo (APD) baye ngokwenene bavumela ukuveliswa kweengubo zomoya eziqinileyo ngaphandle kokufuna izixhobo zoxinzelelo oluphezulu.
Oku kufunyanwa ngohlengahlengiso lomphezulu wenethiwekhi ye-silica usebenzisa abameli be-silylating (umz., trimethylchlorosilane), ezithatha indawo yamaqela e-hydroxyl angaphezulu kunye ne-hydrophobic moieties, ukunciphisa amandla e-capillary ngexesha lokuqhuma.
Iziphumo ezigqunyiweyo zigcina iiporosity zigqwesa 90% kunye nobukhulu obusezantsi njenge-0.1– 0.3 g/cm ³, ukukhusela ukusebenza kwabo kwe-insulative ngelixa besenza ukuba kwenzeke kwimveliso enokunyuka.
2. Iimpawu zeNgcaciso yokuThermal kunye neMechanical
2.1 I-Insulation ye-Thermal eKhethekileyo kunye nokuNyanzeliswa koTshintsho olufudumeleyo
Eyona propati yaziwayo yendawo yokuhlala yezigqubuthelo zomoya yi-ultra-low conductivity yabo ye-thermal, eyohluka ngokubanzi ukusuka 0.012 ukuya 0.020 W/m · K kwiimeko ezingqongileyo– ilingana nomoya omileyo kwaye isezantsi kakhulu kunemathiriyeli yemveli yokugquma njenge polyurethane (0.025– 0.030 W/m · K )okanye uboya beminerali (0.035– 0.040 W/m · K).
Oku kusebenza kakuhle kuvela kwiseti yeendlela ezintathu zokufudumeza okufudumalayo ezingaphakathi kwi-nanostructure: Ukuhanjiswa okuncinci okuqinileyo ngenxa yothungelwano olucekethekileyo lwe-silica ligaments, i-aeriform conduction encinci ngenxa yokusasazwa kwe-Knudsen kwi-sub-100 nm pores, kunye nokunciphisa ukuhanjiswa kwemitha ngokusebenzisa i-doping okanye ukuphuculwa kwe-pigment.
Kwizicelo ezinengqiqo, kunye nemigangatho emincinci (1– 5 mm) yokugqiba i-airgel inokufikelela ukuxhathisa ukushisa (R-ixabiso) Ithelekiseka nokujiya kakhulu kwemveli yokugquma, ivumela izimbo zokunqanda indawo kwi-aerospace, ukuphuhlisa iimvulophu, kunye nezixhobo eziphathwayo.
Ngaphezu koko, I-airgel layers ibonisa ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo kuluhlu olukhulu lobushushu, ukusuka kwiingxaki ze-cryogenic (-200 °C )ukumodareyitha amaqondo obushushu aphezulu (malunga 600 ° C kwiinkqubo ezisulungekileyo zesilika), ukwenza ukuba zilungele iimeko ezingqongileyo ezinzima.
Ukukhutshwa kwabo okuphantsi kunye nokubonakaliswa kwelanga kunokongezwa ngakumbi ngokudityaniswa kwee-pigments ze-infrared-reflective pigments okanye ulwakhiwo oluninzi., ukuphucula ukukhuselwa kwemitha kwizicelo ezivezwe ngelanga.
2.2 Ukuqina koomatshini kunye nokuhambelana kweSubstrate
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba porosity yabo egqithisileyo, Ukugqitywa kwe-airgel yangoku kubonisa ukomelela koomatshini, ngakumbi xa uqiniswa ngee-polymer binders okanye i-nanofibers.
I-Crossbreed organic-inorganic formulations, ezifana nezo zidibanisa i-silica aerogels kunye neepolima, iipoxies, okanye iipolysiloxanes, ukwandisa ukuziqhelanisa, ukuncamathela, kunye nokumelana nempembelelo, yenza ukuba i-coating ikwazi ukunyamezela ukungcangcazela, ibhayisekile eshushu, kunye ne-abrasion encinci.
Ezi nkqubo zemixube zigcina ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-insulation ngelixa zifezekisa ubude kumaxabiso ekhefu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-5– 10%, ukukhusela ekwaphuleni phantsi koxinzelelo.
Ukudibanisa kwii-substratums ezahlukeneyo– intsimbi, aluminiyam, ikhonkrithi, iglasi, kunye neefoyile eziguquguqukayo– iphunyezwa nge-surface priming, abameli abadibanisa imichiza, okanye kwi-situ bonding kulo lonke unyango.
Ukongeza, I-airgel layers inokwenziwa ukuba ibe yi-hydrophobic okanye i-superhydrophobic, ukugxotha amanzi kunye nokunqanda ukungena kokufuma okunokuphazamisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokugquma okanye ukukhuthaza ukuhlwa.
Oku kudityaniswa kokuqina koomatshini kunye nokuchasana kokusingqongileyo kuphucula ubomi obude ngaphandle, elwandle, kunye nokusekwa kwemizi-mveliso.
3. Ubuchule obusebenzayo kunye nokudibanisa imisebenzi emininzi
3.1 I-Acoustic Damping kunye ne-Audio Insulation Capabilities
Ngaphandle kolawulo lwe-thermal, Ukugqitywa kwe-airgel kubonisa ukubanakho okubonakalayo ekugqumeni kwe-acoustic ngenxa ye-nanostructure ye-pore evulekileyo, echitha amandla esandi ngeelahleko ezinzima kunye nokukhuhlana kwangaphakathi.
Inethiwekhi ye-nanopore ene-tortuous ithintela ukwanda kwamaza acoustic, ngokukodwa kuluhlu oluqhelekileyo oluphakathi ukuya phezulu, ukwenza i-airgel igqibezele ngokufanelekileyo ekunciphiseni ingxolo kwiikhabhinethi ze-aerospace, iipaneli zeemoto, kunye nokwakhiwa kweendonga.
Xa zidityaniswe ne-viscoelastic layers okanye i-micro-perforated strugglings kunye, Iinkqubo ezisekwe kwi-aerogel zinokufezekisa ukufunxwa komsindo we-broadband kunye nobunzima obuncinci bongeziweyo– inzuzo ebalulekileyo kwizicelo ezinobunzima bobunzima.
Le mininzi yokusebenza yenza ukuyilwa kwemiqobo edibeneyo ye-thermal-acoustic, ukunciphisa imfuneko yeeleya ezininzi ezahlukeneyo kwisethingi entsonkothileyo phezulu.
3.2 Ukumelana noMlilo kunye neePropati zokuNcitshiswa koMsi
Izigqubuthelo zeAirgel ngokwendalo azitshi, njengoko iinkqubo ezisekwe kwi-silica zingongezi isibaso emlilweni kwaye zinokubambelela kumanqanaba obushushu ngaphezulu kwezinto ezivuthayo zesakhiwo esiqhelekileyo kunye nolwakhiwo kunye neemveliso zokugquma..
Xa inxulumene ne-substratums enokutsha njengemithi, iipholima, okanye iingubo, Iingubo ze-airgel zisebenza njengomqobo we-thermal, ukulibazisa ukuhanjiswa kokufudumala kunye ne-pyrolysis, ngoko konyusa ukumelana nomlilo kunye nokwandisa ixesha lokubaleka.
Ezinye iifomyula ziquka izongezo ze-intumescent okanye iidopants ezibuyiswa ngamadangatya (umz., i-phosphorus okanye izinto ze-boron) eyandisa ekufudumezeni, ukudala i-char layer ekhuselayo ekhusela ngcono izinto eziphantsi.
Ukwengeza, ngokungafaniyo nezinto ezininzi zokugquma ezisekwe kwipolymer, Iileya ze-airgel zidala umsi omncinci kwaye akukho tshintsho luyingozi xa luphantsi kobushushu obuphezulu, ukuphucula ukhuseleko kwiindawo ezivaliweyo ezifana neetonela, iinqanawa, kunye nezakhiwo eziphakamileyo.
4. UShishino kunye nezicelo ezivelayo kuwo onke aMacandelo
4.1 UkuSebenza koMbane kwiZakhiwo nakwiZixhobo zoShishino
Ukugqitywa kwe-Airgel kutshintsha ulawulo olulula lwe-thermal kwisitayile kunye nesakhelo.
Ifakwe kwiifestile, imiphezulu eludongeni, kunye nophahla, banciphisa ukufudumeza kwekhaya kunye neetoni zokupholisa ngokunciphisa utshintshiselwano olufudumeleyo kunye nemitha, igalelo kuyilo lwe-net-zero yolwakhiwo lwamandla.
Iingubo ze-airgel ezicacileyo, ngakumbi, vumela usulelo lwasemini ngelixa uthintela inzuzo yobushushu, ukuzenza zigqibelele kwizibane zezulu kunye nomphezulu wodonga lomkhusane.
Kwimibhobho yoshishino kunye neetanki zokugcina, Ukufakwa kwe-aerogel-coated kunciphisa ilahleko yamandla kumphunga, i-cryogenic, kunye neenkqubo zolwelo, ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokunciphisa ukukhupha i-carbon.
Iprofayili yabo encinci ivumela ukubuyisela kwakhona kwiindawo ezilinganiselweyo apho i-cladding esemgangathweni ayikwazi ukufakwa.
4.2 I-Aerospace, Ukhuselo, kunye nokuNxitywa kweInnovation Assimilation
Kwi-aerospace, Iingubo zokwaleka ze-airgel zikhusela amalungu abuthathaka ukusuka kutshintsho oluqatha lwenqanaba lobushushu kuyo yonke indawo yokungena kwakhona kwe-atmospheri okanye kwimishini enzulu yendawo.
Zisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zokukhusela ukushisa (TPS), izindlu zesathelayithi, kunye nelayini ehambelana nosomajukujuku, apho ukonga ubunzima buguqulela ngokuthe ngqo kwiindleko zokusungula ezithotyiweyo.
Kwizicelo zokhuseleko, Amalaphu agqunywe nge-aerogel abonelela ngokugqunywa kwe-thermal enobunzima obulula kubasebenzi kunye nezixhobo kwi-arctic okanye kwi-atmosphere yasentlango..
Itekhnoloji enxitywayo izuza kwiikhompawundi ze-airgel eziguquguqukayo ezigcina ubushushu bomzimba kwiimpahla zobulumko, izixhobo zangaphandle, kunye neenkqubo zomgaqo-nkqubo wezonyango.
Ukongeza, Uphononongo lufumanisa ukuba i-airgel igqiba ngeeyunithi ezizinzisiweyo zokuziva okanye izixhobo zokutshintsha isigaba (PCMs) ukuze ube bhetyebhetye, ukugquma okwamkelekileyo okulungelelanisa iingxaki ze-ikholoji.
Ekugqibeleni, Iingubo ze-airgel zibonisa amandla obunjineli be-nanoscale ukujongana nobunzima obukhulu kumandla, ukhuseleko, kunye nozinzo.
Ngokudibanisa i-ultra-low low conductivity ye-thermal kunye nokuguquguquka koomatshini kunye nobuchule bomsebenzi omninzi., bachaza ngokutsha imida yobunjineli bomphezulu.
Njengoko iindleko zemveliso ziphantsi kwaye iindlela zokusetyenziswa zisebenza ngakumbi, Izigqubuthelo zomoya zibekwe ukuze zibe yimveliso eqhelekileyo kwisizukulwana esilandelayo, iinkqubo zokhuseleko, kunye nemimandla ekrelekrele kumphezulu kuzo zonke iimarike.
5. Gqiba
I-Cabr-Concrete ngumthengisi we-Concrete Admixture ene-over 12 iminyaka yamava kwi-nano-building energy yogcino kunye nophuhliso lwe-nanotechnology. Iyayamkela intlawulo ngekhadi letyala, T/T, I-West Union kunye ne-Paypal. I-TRUNNO iya kuthumela iimpahla kubathengi phesheya ngokusebenzisa i-FedEx, DHL, ngomoya, okanye ngolwandle. Ukuba ujonge umgangatho ophezulu weConcrete Admixture, nceda uzive ukhululekile ukuqhagamshelana nathi kwaye uthumele umbuzo.
Iithegi:Iingubo ze-Airgel, I-Silica Airgel Thermal Insulation Coating, ukugquma kwe-thermal insulation
Onke amanqaku kunye nemifanekiso avela kwi-Intanethi. Ukuba kukho nayiphi na imiba ye-copyright, nceda uqhagamshelane nathi ngexesha lokucima.
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