1. Ukubunjwa okusisiseko kunye neempawu zoYilo lwe-Quartz Ceramics
1.1 Ukucoceka kweMichiza kunye neCrystalline-to-Amorphous Change
(IiCeramics zeQuartz)
Iiporcelains zequartz, ikwabizwa ngokuba yisilica edibeneyo okanye iquartz edibeneyo, ziludidi oluphezulu lwentsebenzo hayi iimveliso zendalo ezisuka kwisilicon dioxide (SiO ZIMBINI) kwi-ultra-ecocekileyo, non-crystalline (iamorphous) ububele.
Ngokungafaniyo neekeramics eziqhelekileyo ezixhomekeke kwi-polycrystalline frameworks, Iiporcelains zequartz zahlulwa ngokungabikho ngokupheleleyo kwemida yengqolowa ngenxa yokuqaqamba kwazo., Inethiwekhi ye-isotropic ye-SiO ₄ tetrahedra edityaniswe kuthungelwano olunemilinganiselo emithathu ene-arbitrary.
Esi sikhokelo se-amorphous sifumaneka ngokunyibilika kobushushu obuphezulu beekristale zequartz zendalo okanye iiprecursors zesilika ezenziweyo., ibambelele ngokupholisa ngokukhawuleza ukumisa ukubunjwa.
Imveliso yesiphumo ibandakanya ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphezulu 99.9% SiO ₂, kunye nezinto ezingcolisa umkhondo ezifana neentsimbi zealkali (Oko ⁺, K ⁺), aluminiyam, kunye nentsimbi egcinwe amanqanaba-ngesigidi-ngesigidi ukukhusela ukucaca okubonakalayo, ukumelana nombane, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwe-thermal.
Ukungabikho komyalelo wexesha elide kuphelisa izenzo ze-anisotropic, ukwenza iiseramikhi zequartz zime ngokwemilinganiselo kwaye zihambelane ngoomatshini kuyo yonke imiyalelo– inzuzo ebalulekileyo kwizicelo ezichanekileyo.
1.2 Ukuziphatha kwe-Thermal kunye nokuchasana ne-Thermal Shock
Phakathi kweyona misebenzi ichaziweyo yeekeramikhi zequartz yi-coefficient ephantsi kakhulu yokwandiswa kwe-thermal. (CTE), ngokuqhelekileyo ngeenxa zonke 0.55 × 10 ⁻⁶/ K phakathi 20 ° C kunye 300 °C.
Oku kukhula kufutshane no-zero kuvela kwi-Si eguquguqukayo– O– Si bond iiengile kuthungelwano amorphous, enokulungelelanisa phantsi koxinzelelo lwe-thermal ngaphandle kokonakalisa, ukuvumela imveliso imelane nohlengahlengiso olukhawulezayo lweqondo lobushushu olunokuthi ngokuqinisekileyo luqhekeze iiporcelains zesintu okanye iintsimbi.
Iikeramikhi zequartz zinokunyamezela ukothuka kwe-thermal ukogqitha 1000 °C, njengokuntywiliselwa ngokuthe ngqo emanzini emva kokufudumala ukuya kumaqondo obushushu obushushu, ngaphandle kokuqhekeka okanye ukuqhekeka.
Esi sakhiwo sibenza babaluleke kwizicwangciso ezibandakanya ukufudumeza okuphindaphindiweyo kunye nokupholisa imijikelo, njengeenkqubo zokufudumeza zesemiconductor, izinto ze-aerospace, kunye neenkqubo zokukhanya eziphezulu.
Ukwengeza, iikeramikhi zequartz zigcina ukunyaniseka kolwakhiwo ukuya kumaqondo obushushu oburhabaxa 1100 ° C kwisisombululo esiqhubekayo, ngokuchaneka okuthe ngqo okwethutyana kusondele 1600 ° C kwindawo epholileyo.
( IiCeramics zeQuartz)
Ukuxhathisa ukothuka kwe-thermal, babonisa amanqanaba aphezulu obushushu obuthambileyo (~ 1600 °C )kunye nokumelana okubalaseleyo kwi-devitrification– nangona utyhileko oluthe ngqo lwexesha elide ngaphezulu 1200 ° C unokuqalisa ukwakheka komphezulu ngqo kwi-cristobalite, enokuthi ibeke esichengeni amandla oomatshini ngenxa yohlengahlengiso lobuninzi kulo lonke utshintsho lwesigaba.
2. I-Optical, Umbane, kunye neMigangatho yeMichiza yeSixhobo seSilica eFused
2.1 I-Broadband Transparency kunye nezicelo zeFotonic
Iiseramikhi zequartz zidume ngokuhanjiswa kwazo okugqwesileyo kuluhlu lweziphazamiso., ukolula ukusuka kwi-ultraviolet enzulu (UV) kwi ~ 180 nm ukuya kwi-infrared ekufutshane (KUNYE) kwi ~ 2500 nm.
Oku kuvuleka kuvunyelwe ngokungabikho kokungcola kunye ne-homogeneity yenethiwekhi ye-amorphous, okunciphisa ukusasazeka kokukhanya kunye nokufunxa.
I-silica edityanisiweyo yokwenziwa kwe-high-purity, yenziwe nge-flame hydrolysis ye-silicon chlorides, Ikwafumana usulelo oluphezulu lwe-UV kwaye isetyenziswa kwizinto ezibalulekileyo ezifana ne-excimer laser optics, iilensi zefotografi, kunye neeteleskopu ezisekelwe emajukujukwini.
Umda womonakalo we-laser ophezulu wezinto eziphathekayo– ukumelana nokuqhekeka phantsi kwe-radiation ye-laser ye-pulsed ngokugqithiseleyo– iyenza igqibelele kwiinkqubo zelaser ezinamandla aphezulu ezisetyenziswa kuphando oludityanisiweyo kunye noomatshini borhwebo.
Ukongeza, i-autofluorescence yayo ephantsi kunye nokumelana nemitha iqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwisixhobo sonyango, ebandakanya i-spectrometers, Iinkqubo zokunyanga UV, kunye nezixhobo zokulandela umkhondo wenyukliya.
2.2 UkuSebenza kweDielectric kunye nokuNgena kweMichiza
Ukusuka kwimbono yombane, Iiporcelains zequartz zizigqumatheli ezikhethekileyo ezinobuninzi bokuchasa okungaphezulu 10 ¹⁸ Ω · iisentimitha kwinqanaba lobushushu esithubeni kunye nedielectric engaguqukiyo 3.8 e 1 MHz.
I-tangent yabo yokunciphisa i-dielectric ilahleko (itani δ < 0.0001) makes certain very little power dissipation in high-frequency and high-voltage applications, making them ideal for microwave home windows, radar domes, and insulating substrates in electronic assemblies.
Ezi zakhiwo zihlala zikhuselekile kuluhlu olubanzi lobushushu, ngokungafaniyo neepolymers ezininzi okanye iiporcelains ezisemgangathweni ezenza buthathaka umbane phantsi koxinzelelo lobushushu kunye noxinzelelo.
Ngekhemikhali, Iiporcelains zequartz zibonisa ukungazenzisi okuchukumisayo kuninzi lweeasidi, ebandakanya i-hydrochloric, nitric, kunye neeasidi zesulfuric, ngenxa yokuzinza kweSi– O bond.
Nangona kunjalo, basengozini yokuhlaselwa yi-hydrofluoric acid (HF) kunye nee-antacids eziqinileyo ezifana ne-sodium hydroxide eshushu, eyonakalisa iSi– O– Si network.
Oku kuphinda kusebenze kwakhona kusetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ze-microfabrication apho ukufakwa okulawulwayo kwe-silica edibeneyo kuyadingeka..
Kwiindawo zorhwebo ezinobundlobongela– njengokuphatha imichiza, iibhentshi ezimanzi zesemiconductor, kunye nokuphathwa kolwelo olusulungekileyo– iikeramikhi zequartz zisebenza njenge linings, jonga iindondo, kunye namalungu ereactor apho ungcoliseko lufuna ukuncitshiswa.
3. Iinkqubo zeMveliso kunye nobuNjineli beJiyometri ye-Quartz Ceramic Elements
3.1 Ukunyibilika kunye nokwenza izicwangciso
Ukuveliswa kweeseramikhi zequartz kubandakanya iindlela ezininzi zokunyibilika ezikhethekileyo, nganye ilungiselelwe ukucoceka okukodwa kunye neemfuno zesicelo.
Ukunyibilika kwe-arc yombane kwenza ukusetyenziswa kwesanti yequartz ecocekileyo kakhulu enyibilikisiweyo kwicrucible yobhedu epholiswe ngamanzi phantsi kwevacuum okanye igesi engasebenziyo., ukudala iiboules ezinkulu okanye iityhubhu ezineepropathi ezigqwesileyo ezishushu kunye nezomatshini zokuhlala okanye zorhwebo.
Umxube wedangatye, okanye ukudityaniswa kokutsha, ibandakanya ukutshiswa kwesilicon tetrachloride (SiCl ₄) kumlilo we-hydrogen-oksijeni, ukuhambisa amaqhekeza amahle e-silica angena kwi-preform ecacileyo– le ndlela ivelisa obona mgangatho uphezulu optical kwaye isetyenziselwa isilica edityanisiweyo yokwenziwa.
Ukunyibilika kweplasma kusebenzisa ikhosi eyahlukileyo, ukunika amanqanaba aphezulu obushushu obuphezulu kunye nokusetyenzwa okungangcolisekiyo kwi-niche ethile ye-aerospace kunye nezicelo zokhuseleko.
Xa inyibilika, iiseramikhi zequartz zinokubunjwa ngokusasazwa ngokuchanekileyo, uphuhliso lwe-centrifugal (yeityhubhu), okanye CNC machining yezithuba pre-sintered.
Ngenxa yobunzima babo, machining ubiza izixhobo zedayimani kunye nolawulo ngononophelo ukuthintela microcracking.
3.2 UkuChaneka koMveliso kunye neNdawo yoMphezulu ukugqibezela
Amalungu e-quartz ceramic ahlala esenziwa ngqo kwiijiyometri ezintsonkothileyo ezinje ngeecrucibles, imibhobho, iintonga, iifestile, kunye ne-insulators elungiselelwe i-semiconductor, ilanga, kunye namacandelo laser.
Ukuchaneka komgangatho kubalulekile, ngakumbi kwimveliso ye-semiconductor apho i-quartz susceptors kunye nezitya zentsimbi kufuneka zigcine ukubekwa okuchanekileyo kunye nokuhambelana kwe-thermal..
Ukugqibezela umphezulu kudlala umsebenzi obalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kakuhle; iindawo ezikhazimlisiweyo zinciphisa ukukhanya kokukhanya kumacandelo okukhanya kunye nokunciphisa indawo ze-nucleation ze-devitrification kwizicelo zobushushu obuphezulu..
Ukukrola ngezisombululo ze-HF ezithintelweyo kunokudala inkangeleko yendawo elawulwayo okanye ukulahla iileya ezonakalisiweyo emva komatshini..
Yeyokucoca i-vacuum ephezulu kakhulu (UHV) iinkqubo, Iiporcelains zequartz ziyacocwa kwaye zibhakwe ukuze zisuse iigesi ezifakwe kumphezulu, Ukuqinisekisa ukukhutshwa komda kunye nokuhambelana neenkqubo ezithambileyo ezinje ngemolekyuli ye-epitaxy yokukhanya (MBE).
4. Izicelo zoShishino nezeNzululwazi zeQuartz Ceramics
4.1 Indima kwi-Semiconductor kunye neMveliso ye-Photovoltaic
I-quartz ceramics zizinto ezisisiseko ekwakhiweni kweesekethe ezidityanisiweyo kunye neeseli zelanga, apho basebenza njengetyhubhu eziko, izinto zamanzi ezinqabileyo (abaxhatshazi), kunye namagumbi okusasaza.
Ukukwazi kwabo ukumelana nobushushu kwi-oxidizing, ukuthoba, okanye umoya ongasebenziyo– kudityaniswe nongcoliseko oluncitshisiweyo lwesinyithi– yenza inkqubo ethile ubunyulu kunye nesivuno.
Kuyo yonke imichiza yokubeka umphunga (CVD) okanye i-oxidation ye-thermal, izinto ze-quartz zigcina uzinzo lwe-dimensional kwaye zime malunga ne-warping, ukukhusela kumonakalo we-wafer kunye nokungalingani.
Kwimveliso yelanga, iicrucibles zequartz zisetyenziselwa ukwandisa i-silicon ingots ye-monocrystalline ngenkqubo yeCzochralski, apho ukucoceka kwabo ngokuthe tye kuchaphazela umgangatho ophezulu wombane weeseli zokugqibela zelanga.
4.2 Ukusetyenziswa kwizibane, I-Aerospace, kunye ne-Analytical Instrumentation
Ekukhutshweni okuphezulu (ZIFIHLILE) izibane kunye neenkqubo zokuvala ii-UV, Iimvulophu ze-quartz zeceramic ziquka ii-arcs zeplasma kumanqanaba obushushu adlulayo 1000 ° C ngelixa uhambisa i-UV kunye nokukhanya okubonakalayo ngokufanelekileyo.
Ukumelana kwabo nokothuka kwe-thermal kukhusela ekusileleni ngexesha lokukhanya okukhawulezayo kunye nemijikelo yokuvala.
Kwi-aerospace, iiseramikhi zequartz zisetyenziswa kwiifestile zeradar, iyunithi real estates, kunye neenkqubo zokukhusela i-thermal ngenxa yokunciphisa i-dielectric constant, amandla aphezulu ukuya kuxinaniso, kunye nokhuseleko phantsi kokulayishwa kwe-aerothermal.
Kwikhemistri yohlalutyo kunye nobomi bophando lwezenzululwazi, imithambo ye-silica edibeneyo iyimfuneko kwi-chromatography yegesi (GC) kunye ne-capillary electrophoresis (CE), apho ubungangeni bommandla ongaphezulu bumisa ukuthengiswa kwesampulu kwaye kuqinisekisa ulwahlulo oluchanekileyo.
Ngaphaya koko, i-quartz crystal microbalances (Ii-QCMs), exhomekeke kwiipropati zokuhlala ze-piezoelectric ze-crystalline quartz (yahlukile kwisilica edityanisiweyo), sebenzisa iiporcelains zequartz njengezindlu ezikhuselayo kunye noncedo olukhuselayo kwixesha lokwenyani lezicelo zokuva ubunzima..
Ukuququmbela, iiseramikhi zequartz zimele indlela enye yohlobo olunqumlayo olunamandla okumelana ne-thermal, ukuvuleka kwamehlo, kunye nokucoceka kweekhemikhali.
Isakhelo sabo se-amorphous kunye ne-SiO ephezulu emibini umxholo wewebhu yenza ukuba ukusebenza kakuhle kwi-atmospheres apho izinto ezisemgangathweni ziyeka ukusebenza, ukusuka entliziyweni ye-semiconductor fabs ukuya kwicala lendawo.
Njengoko iteknoloji iqhubela phambili ukuya kumazinga aphezulu obushushu, ukuchaneka okungcono, kunye neenkqubo ezicocekileyo, Iiporcelains zequartz ziya kuqhubeka nokusebenza njengomenzi obalulekileyo wokuqhubela phambili kwisayensi kunye nentengiso.
Umthengisi
Advanced Ceramics yasekwa ngo-Oktobha 17, 2012, lishishini lobugcisa obuphezulu elizinikele kuphando nophuhliso, imveliso, ukuqhubekeka, ukuthengisa kunye neenkonzo zobugcisa bezixhobo ze-ceramic ezinxulumene neemveliso. Iimveliso zethu ziquka kodwa aziphelelanga kwiiMveliso zeCeramic zeBoron Carbide, IiMveliso zeCeramic zeBoron Nitride, Iimveliso zeCeramic zeSilicon Carbide, Iimveliso zeCeramic zeSilicon Nitride, IZirconium Dioxide yeeMveliso zeCeramic, njl. Ukuba unomdla, nceda uzive ukhululekile ukuqhagamshelana nathi.([email protected])
Iithegi: IiCeramics zeQuartz, isitya se-ceramic, imibhobho ye-ceramic
Onke amanqaku kunye nemifanekiso avela kwi-Intanethi. Ukuba kukho nayiphi na imiba ye-copyright, nceda uqhagamshelane nathi ngexesha lokucima.
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