1. ʻO ka hoʻokumu kumu a me nā hiʻohiʻona o ka Quartz Ceramics
1.1 Ka Maʻemaʻe Kemika a me ka Hoʻololi Crystalline-to-Amorphous
(ʻO nā keramika Quartz)
ʻO nā porcelains Quartz, kapa ʻia hoʻi ka silica i hui ʻia a i ʻole ka quartz i hoʻohui ʻia, he papa hana kiʻekiʻe ʻaʻole nā huahana kūlohelohe i loaʻa mai ka silicon dioxide (SiO ELUA) i kona ultra-maemae, non-crystalline (amorphous) ʻano ʻano.
ʻAʻole like me nā seramika maʻamau e hilinaʻi nei i nā frameworks polycrystalline, Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā porcelains quartz e ko lākou nele piha ʻana i nā palena palaoa ma muli o ko lākou ʻulaʻula., ʻO ka pūnaewele isotropic o SiO ₄ tetrahedra i hoʻopili ʻia i loko o kahi ʻoihana ʻokoʻa ʻekolu-dimensional..
Loaʻa ʻia kēia ʻano amorphous ma o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka wela kiʻekiʻe o nā kristal quartz maoli a i ʻole nā mea mua silica synthetic., hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ka hoʻomaloʻo wikiwiki e hoʻōki i ka hoʻokumu ʻana.
ʻO ka hopena o ka huahana e komo maʻamau 99.9% SiO ₂, me nā mea hoʻohaumia e like me nā kila alkali (ʻO kēlā ⁺, K ⁺), aluminika, a mālama ʻia ka hao i nā ʻāpana-per-miliona pae no ka pale ʻana i ka māmā ʻike, pale uila, a me ka hana wela.
ʻO ka nele o ke kauoha lōʻihi e hoʻopau i nā hana anisotropic, e hana ana i ka quartz ceramics ma ke ano paa a me ka mechanically i na kuhikuhi a pau– he waiwai nui i nā noi pololei.
1.2 ʻO ke ʻano wela a me ke kū ʻana i ka haʻalulu wela
Ma waena o nā hana kikoʻī loa o ka quartz ceramics ʻo kā lākou coefficient haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka hoʻonui wela (CTE), maʻamau a puni 0.55 × 10 ⁻⁶/ K ma waena 20 ° C a 300 ° C.
ʻO kēia ulu kokoke-zero e puka mai ana mai ka maʻalahi Si– O– ʻO nā kihi pili i loko o ka pūnaewele amorphous, hiki ke hoʻololi ma lalo o ke koʻikoʻi wela me ka ʻole o ka pōʻino, e ʻae ana i ka huahana e kū i ka hoʻololi wikiwiki ʻana o ka pae wela e hiki ke haki i nā porcelains kahiko a i ʻole nā kila.
Hiki i nā seramika Quartz ke hoʻomanawanui i nā haʻalulu wela 1000 ° C, e like me ka hoʻokomo pololei ʻana i ka wai ma hope o ka hoʻomehana ʻana i nā pae wela wela, me ka haʻi ʻole ʻana a me ka spalling.
He mea koʻikoʻi kēia hale iā lākou i nā hoʻonohonoho e pili ana i ka hoʻomehana ʻana a me ka hoʻomaha ʻana, e like me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻomehana semiconductor, nā mea aerospace, a me nā ʻōnaehana kukui ikaika.
Kahi mea hou aʻe, Mālama ka quartz ceramics i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka hoʻolālā ʻana a hiki i nā pae wela 1100 ° C i ka hoʻonā mau, me ke kūʻē kūʻē kūʻokoʻa no ka manawa pōkole 1600 ° C i loko o nā ʻano inert.
( ʻO nā keramika Quartz)
Kūleʻa haʻalulu wela i hala, hōʻike lākou i nā pae wela palupalu kiʻekiʻe (~ 1600 ° C )a me ke kū'ē kū'ē i ka devitrification– ʻoiai ua pau ka hōʻike pololei ʻana i ka wā lōʻihi 1200 Hiki iā ° C ke hoʻomaka i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka ʻili i loko o ka cristobalite, hiki ke hoʻololi i ka ikaika mechanical ma muli o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka nui o nā hoʻololi ʻana.
2. Optical, Uila, a me na ano kemika o na lako silica i huiia
2.1 Nā noi ʻana i nā noi kiʻi paʻi kiʻi
Kaulana ʻia nā seramika Quartz no kā lākou hoʻoili optical koʻikoʻi i loko o kahi ʻano spooky nui, ka lōʻihi mai ka ultraviolet hohonu (UV) ma ~ 180 nm i ka infrared kokoke (A) ma ~ 2500 nm.
ʻAe ʻia kēia wehe ʻana e ka nele o nā haumia a me ka homogeneity o ka pūnaewele amorphous, e hōʻemi ana i ka laha a me ka absorption.
Kiʻekiʻe-maʻemaʻe synthetic merged silica, hana ʻia ma o ke ahi hydrolysis o nā chloride silika, Loaʻa i ka hoʻoili UV kiʻekiʻe a hoʻohana ʻia i nā noi koʻikoʻi e like me ka excimer laser optics, nā lens photolithography, a me nā telescope ma ka lewa.
Ka palena poino laser kiʻekiʻe o ka mea– kū'ē i ka haʻihaʻi ʻana ma lalo o ka irradiation laser pulsed loa– hana maikaʻi ia no nā ʻōnaehana laser kiʻekiʻe i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hui noiʻi a me ka mīkini ʻoihana.
Eia hou, ʻO kāna autofluorescence haʻahaʻa a me ka pale ʻana i ka radiation e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ka hilinaʻi i nā mea hana lapaʻau, he mau spectrometers, ʻōnaehana mālama UV, a me na mea paahana nukelea.
2.2 ʻO ka hana Dielectric a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe kino
Mai kahi hiʻohiʻona uila, ʻO nā porcelains quartz he mea hoʻokaʻawale kūʻokoʻa me ka nui o ka pale ʻana ma mua 10 ¹⁸ Ω · kenimika ma ka pae wela o ka lewa a me kahi mau dielectric 3.8 ma 1 MHz.
ʻO kā lākou hōʻemi dielectric loss tangent (tan δ < 0.0001) makes certain very little power dissipation in high-frequency and high-voltage applications, making them ideal for microwave home windows, radar domes, and insulating substrates in electronic assemblies.
Noho paʻa kēia mau hale ma kahi ākea ākea, ʻAʻole like me nā polymers he nui a i ʻole nā porcelains maʻamau e hoʻonāwaliwali i ka uila ma lalo o ke kaumaha wela a me ka hopohopo.
Ma kemika, Hōʻike nā porcelains quartz i ka inertness maikaʻi i ka hapa nui o nā waikawa, i loko o ka hydrochloric, nitric, a me nā ʻakika sulfuric, ma muli o ke kūpaʻa o ka Si– E ka paa.
Eia naʻe, hiki ke hoʻouka ʻia e ka waika hydrofluoric (HF) a me nā antacid paʻa e like me ka sodium hydroxide wela, ka mea e poino ai i ka Si– O– ʻO ka pūnaewele.
Hoʻohana ʻia kēia hana ʻike ʻike i nā kaʻina hana microfabrication kahi e koi ʻia ai ke kālai ʻia ʻana o ka silica hoʻohui..
I loko o nā wahi pāʻoihana koʻikoʻi– e like me ka lawelawe kemika, semiconductor pulu pulu, a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai kiʻekiʻe– hana nā quartz ceramics e like me nā linings, nānā makaaniani, a me nā ʻāpana reactor kahi e hoʻemi ʻia ai ka haumia.
3. Nā Hana Hana a me Geometric Engineering o Quartz Ceramic Elements
3.1 ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a me ka hana ʻana
ʻO ka hana ʻana o ka quartz ceramics e pili ana i nā ala hoʻoheheʻe kūikawā, ua hoʻopili ʻia kēlā me kēia i ka maʻemaʻe a me nā koi noi.
Hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka uila i ke one quartz maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o kahi pahu keleawe hoʻoluʻu i ka wai ma lalo o ka momi a i ʻole ke kinoea inert., ka hana ʻana i nā boule nui a i ʻole nā paipu me ka maikaʻi o ka wela a me ka mīkini hale noho a i ʻole nā mea kūʻai aku.
Huipu ahi, a i ʻole ka hui ʻana o ke ahi, e komo ana i ke ahi silika tetrachloride (SiCl ₄) i ke ahi hydrogen-oxygen, ka hoʻoili ʻana i nā ʻāpana silica maikaʻi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o kahi ʻano mua ʻalohilohi– ʻO kēia ala e hoʻopuka ai i ka mea kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe optical kiʻekiʻe a hoʻohana ʻia no ka silica merged synthetic.
Hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻoheheʻe plasma i kahi papa ʻokoʻa, ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā pae wela kiʻekiʻe loa a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻole ʻia o ka pohō no nā ʻano aerospace a me nā noi pale.
Ke hehee, Hiki ke hana ʻia nā seramika quartz ma o ka hoʻolei pololei ʻana, hoʻomohala centrifugal (no na paipu), a i ʻole CNC machining o nā wahi pre-sintered.
Ma muli o ko lākou palupalu, ʻO ka machining e kāhea i nā mea hana daimana a me ka mālama pono e pale i ka microcracking.
3.2 Hoʻopiha pololei i ka hana ʻana a me ka ʻili o ka ʻili
Hana pinepine ʻia nā ʻāpana seramika Quartz i loko o nā geometries paʻakikī e like me nā crucibles, paipu, lāʻau lāʻau, puka makani, a me nā insulators maʻamau no ka semiconductor, lā, a me nā ʻāpana laser.
He mea koʻikoʻi ka pololei o ke ana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma ka hana semiconductor kahi e pono ai ka quartz susceptors a me nā pahu bele e mālama i ka hoʻonohonoho pololei a me ka lokahi wela..
He kuleana koʻikoʻi ka hoʻopiha ʻana i ka ʻili i ka pono; ʻO nā wahi ʻili i hoʻoliʻi ʻia e hoʻemi i ka hoʻopuehu māmā ʻana i nā ʻāpana optical a hoʻemi i nā wahi nucleation no ka devitrification i nā noi wela kiʻekiʻe..
ʻO ke kahakaha ʻana me nā haʻina HF i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e hiki ke hana i nā hiʻohiʻona i hoʻoponopono ʻia a i ʻole e hoʻopau i nā ʻāpana pohō ma hope o ka mīkini..
No ka mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe maloʻo ultra-kiʻekiʻe (UHV) ʻōnaehana, hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia a kālua ʻia nā porcelains quartz e hoʻopau i nā kinoea i hoʻopili ʻia ma luna, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka puka ʻana o ka marginal a me ka hoʻokō ʻana me nā kaʻina hana maʻalahi e like me ka molecular beam of light epitaxy (MBE).
4. Nā Hana Hana Hana a ʻEpekema o Quartz Ceramics
4.1 Hana ma Semiconductor a me Photovoltaic Production
ʻO nā seramika Quartz nā mea waiwai nui i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā kaapuni i hoʻohui ʻia a me nā cell solar, kahi e hana ai lakou ma ke ano o na paipu kapuahi, wai wafer (nā mea kōkua), a me nā keʻena diffusion.
ʻO ko lākou hiki ke paʻa i ka wela i ka oxidizing, hoemi ana, a i ʻole nā lewa inert– hui pū ʻia me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia metala– hana i kekahi kaʻina maʻemaʻe a me ka hua.
I loko o ka waiho ʻana o ka mahu kemika (CVD) a i ʻole ka wela wela, Mālama nā mea quartz i ke kūpaʻa dimensional a kū i ka warping, protecting against wafer damage and imbalance.
In solar production, quartz crucibles are used to expand monocrystalline silicon ingots via the Czochralski process, where their purity straight affects the electric top quality of the last solar cells.
4.2 Usage in Lights, Aerospace, and Analytical Instrumentation
In high-intensity discharge (HID) lamps and UV sterilization systems, quartz ceramic envelopes consist of plasma arcs at temperature levels surpassing 1000 ° C while transmitting UV and noticeable light efficiently.
Their thermal shock resistance protects against failing during fast light ignition and closure cycles.
I ka aerospace, quartz ceramics are utilized in radar windows, sensing unit real estates, and thermal defense systems because of their reduced dielectric constant, high strength-to-density ratio, and security under aerothermal loading.
In analytical chemistry and life scientific researches, merged silica veins are necessary in gas chromatography (GC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE), where surface area inertness stops sample adsorption and guarantees accurate separation.
Eia kekahi, quartz crystal microbalances (QCMs), which depend on the piezoelectric residential properties of crystalline quartz (distinctive from merged silica), use quartz porcelains as protective housings and shielding assistances in real-time mass sensing applications.
I ka hopena, quartz ceramics stand for an one-of-a-kind crossway of severe thermal resilience, optical openness, and chemical purity.
Their amorphous framework and high SiO two web content enable efficiency in atmospheres where standard materials stop working, from the heart of semiconductor fabs to the side of area.
Ke piʻi nei ka ʻenehana i nā pae wela nui aʻe, ʻoi aku ka pololei, a me nā kaʻina hana maʻemaʻe, E hoʻomau ka hana ʻana o nā porcelains quartz ma ke ʻano he mea koʻikoʻi o ka holomua ma waena o ka ʻepekema a me ka mākeke.
Mea hoolaha
ʻO Advanced Ceramics i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ʻOkakopa 17, 2012, he ʻoihana ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana, hana ʻana, hana ʻana, kūʻai a me nā lawelawe ʻenehana o nā mea pili a me nā huahana. Loaʻa kā mākou huahana akā ʻaʻole i kaupalena ʻia i nā Boron Carbide Ceramic Products, ʻO Boron Nitride Ceramic Products, Nā Huahana Seramika Silicon Carbide, ʻO nā huahana seramika Silicon Nitride, Zirconium Dioxide Ceramic Products, etc. Inā hoihoi ʻoe, e ʻoluʻolu e hoʻokaʻaʻike mai iā mākou.([email protected])
Nā huaʻōlelo: ʻO nā keramika Quartz, ipu seramika, paipu seramika
ʻO nā ʻatikala a me nā kiʻi a pau mai ka Pūnaewele. Inā loaʻa kekahi pilikia kope, e ʻoluʻolu e kelepona mai iā mākou i ka manawa e holoi ai.
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