1. Sebopeho sa Motheo le Litšobotsi tsa Mehaho ea Quartz Ceramics
1.1 Bohloeki ba Lik'hemik'hale le Phetoho ea Crystalline-to-Amorphous
(Quartz Ceramics)
Li-porcelains tsa quartz, e boetse e bitsoa silica e kopantsoeng kapa quartz e kopantsoeng, ke sehlopha sa ts'ebetso e phahameng eseng lihlahisoa tsa tlhaho tse tsoang ho silicon dioxide (SiO MABELI) ka ho fetisisa-hloekileng, e seng kristale (amorphous) mosa.
Ho fapana le li-ceramics tse tloaelehileng tse itšetlehileng ka meralo ea polycrystalline, li-porcelain tsa quartz li khetholloa ke ho ba sieo ha tsona ka ho feletseng ha meeli ea lijo-thollo ka lebaka la ho benya ha tsona., Isotropic network ea SiO ₄ tetrahedra e hokahaneng le marang-rang a mahlakore a mararo..
Moralo ona oa amorphous o fumaneha ka ho qhibiliha ha mocheso o phahameng oa likristale tsa tlhaho tsa quartz kapa li-precursors tsa silika tsa maiketsetso., e khomaretsoeng ka ho phodisa ka potlako ho emisa sebopeho.
Sehlahisoa se hlahisoang se kenyelletsa hangata ho feta 99.9% SiO ₂, e nang le lintho tse silafatsang tse kang litšepe tsa alkali (Seo ⁺, K ⁺), aluminium, le tšepe e bolokileng likarolo tsa milione ka 'ngoe ho sireletsa khanya ea mahlo, ho hanyetsa motlakase, le katleho ea mocheso.
Ho hloka taolo ea nako e telele ho felisa liketso tsa anisotropic, ho etsa hore lirafshoa tsa quartz li tsitsitse ka mokhoa o sa tsitsang le ka mokhoa o lumellanang le litaelo tsohle– molemo oa bohlokoa lits'ebetsong tse nepahetseng.
1.2 Boitšoaro ba Thermal le Ho hanyetsa Mocheso oa Mocheso
E 'ngoe ea mesebetsi e totobetseng ka ho fetisisa ea lirafshoa tsa quartz ke coefficient ea tsona e tlaase haholo ea ho eketseha ha mocheso. (CTE), ka tlwaelo ho pota 0.55 × 10 ⁻⁶/ K pakeng tsa 20 ° C le 300 °C.
Khōlo ena e haufi le zero e hlaha ho Si– O– Si bond angles ho netweke amorphous, e ka ikamahanyang le khatello ea mocheso ntle le ho senya, ho dumella sehlahiswa hore se mamelle ditokiso tse potlakileng tsa boemo ba mocheso tseo ka sebele di ka phatlollang mapolanka a setso kapa ditshipi.
Li-ceramics tsa quartz li ka mamella litšisinyeho tsa mocheso ho feta 1000 °C, joalo ka ho qoelisoa ka ho otloloha ka metsing ka mora ho futhumala ho isa maemong a mocheso a futhumetseng, ntle le ho qhetsola kapa ho qhetsola.
Moaho ona o li etsa tsa bohlokoa maemong a kenyelletsang ho futhumatsa khafetsa le linako tsa ho pholisa, joalo ka litsamaiso tse futhumatsang tsa semiconductor, likarolo tsa sepakapaka, le litsamaiso tsa mabone a matla haholo.
Holim'a moo, li-ceramics tsa quartz li boloka botšepehi ba meralo ho fihlela maemong a mocheso a batlang a lekana 1100 ° C ka tharollo e sa khaotseng, ka kganetso ya nakoana e atamelang 1600 ° C maemong a sa tsitsang.
( Quartz Ceramics)
Nakong e fetileng ea ho hanyetsa mocheso oa mocheso, li bontša maemo a phahameng a ho nolofatsa mocheso (~ 1600 °C )le khanyetso e ikhethang ho devitrification– le hoja kgahlamelo e tobileng ya nako e telele e fetile 1200 ° C e ka qala sebopeho sa bokaholimo ho fihlela cristobalite, e ka senyang matla a mochine ka lebaka la liphetoho tsa bongata nakong ea liphetoho tsa mekhahlelo.
2. Optical, Motlakase, and Chemical Qualities of Fused Silica Equipment
2.1 Broadband Transparency and Photonic Applications
Quartz ceramics are renowned for their outstanding optical transmission throughout a large spooky array, prolonging from the deep ultraviolet (UV) at ~ 180 nm to the near-infrared (IR) at ~ 2500 nm.
This openness is allowed by the lack of impurities and the homogeneity of the amorphous network, which minimizes light spreading and absorption.
High-purity synthetic merged silica, generated via flame hydrolysis of silicon chlorides, attains also higher UV transmission and is made use of in important applications such as excimer laser optics, photolithography lenses, and space-based telescopes.
The material’s high laser damage limit– resisting break down under extreme pulsed laser irradiation– e etsa hore e be e phethahetseng bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse phahameng tsa laser tse sebelisoang lipatlisisong tse kopaneng le machining a khoebo.
Ho phaella moo, autofluorescence ea eona e tlase le ho hanyetsa mahlaseli li tiisa ho tšepahala ho lisebelisoa tsa bongaka, e nang le li-spectrometer, Sistimi ea kalafo ea UV, le lisebelisoa tsa ho lata nyutlelie.
2.2 Ts'ebetso ea Dielectric le Boiketlo ba Lik'hemik'hale
Ho tloha ponong ea motlakase, li-porcelain tsa quartz ke li-insulators tse ikhethang tse nang le matla a ho hanyetsa ho feta 10 ¹⁸ Ω · disentimitara boemong ba mocheso wa sebaka le dielectric constant tsa mo e ka nnang 3.8 ho 1 MHz.
Tantent ea bona e fokotsehileng ea tahlehelo ea dielectric (joalo δ < 0.0001) makes certain very little power dissipation in high-frequency and high-voltage applications, making them ideal for microwave home windows, radar domes, and insulating substrates in electronic assemblies.
Mehaho ena e lula e sireletsehile ka lebaka la mocheso o pharaletseng, ho fapana le lipolymer tse ngata kapa li-porcelain tse tloaelehileng tse fokolisang motlakase tlas'a khatello ea mocheso le matšoenyeho.
Ka lik'hemik'hale, li-porcelain tsa quartz li bonts'a ho hloka botsitso ho tsotehang ho bongata ba li-acids, e nang le hydrochloric, nitric, le li-sulfuric acid, ka lebaka la botsitso ba Si– O tlamahano.
Leha ho le joalo, ba kotsing ea ho hlaseloa ke hydrofluoric acid (HF) le li-antacid tse tiileng tse kang sodium hydroxide e chesang, tse senyang Si– O– Ke marang-rang.
Reactivity ena e nang le temoho e sebelisoa mekhoeng ea microfabrication moo etching e laoloang ea silika e kopaneng e hlokahalang..
Libakeng tse mabifi tsa khoebo– joalo ka ho sebetsana le lik'hemik'hale, libenche tse metsi tsa semiconductor, le ho tshwara mokelikeli o hlwekileng haholo– li-ceramics tsa quartz li sebetsa joalo ka linings, sheba likhalase, le likarolo tsa reactor moo tšilafalo e hlokang ho fokotsoa.
3. Mekhoa ea Tlhahiso le Boenjiniere ba Geometric ba Quartz Ceramic Elements
3.1 Maano a ho Qhola le ho Theha
Tlhahiso ea lirafshoa tsa quartz e kenyelletsa mekhoa e mengata e khethehileng ea ho qhibiliha, e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e ipapisitse le bohloeki bo itseng le litlhoko tsa ts'ebeliso.
Ho qhibiliha ha arc ea motlakase ho sebelisa lehlabathe la quartz le hloekisitsoeng haholo le qhibilihisitsoeng ka har'a crucible ea koporo e pholileng ka metsi ka tlas'a vacuum kapa khase ea inert., ho theha li-boules tse kholo kapa li-tubes tse nang le thepa e ntle haholo ea ho futhumatsa le ea mochini kapa ea khoebo.
Motsoako oa lelakabe, kapa motsoako oa ho tuka, e kenyelletsa ho chesa silicon tetrachloride (SiCl ₄) mollong oa hydrogen-oksijene, ho fetisa likotoana tse ntle tsa silica tse sinter ho preform e bonaletsang– mokhoa ona o hlahisa boleng bo phahameng ka ho fetisisa ba optical mme o sebelisetsoa silika e kopantsoeng ea maiketsetso.
Ho qhibiliha ha plasma ho sebelisoa mokhoa o fapaneng, ho fana ka maemo a mocheso o phahameng haholo le ts'ebetso e se nang tšilafalo bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse khethehileng tsa sebaka sa marang-rang le ts'ireletso.
Ha e qhibidiha, li-ceramics tsa quartz li ka bōptjoa ka mokhoa o nepahetseng oa ho lahla, ntshetsopele ya centrifugal (bakeng sa li-tubes), kapa CNC machining ea libaka pele ho sintered.
Ka lebaka la brittleness bona, machining hloka lisebelisoa tsa taemane le taolo e hlokolosi ho thibela microcracking.
3.2 Ho Etsahala ka nepo le Sebaka sa Bokaholimo ho Phetha
Likarolo tsa ceramic tsa quartz hangata li etsoa hantle ka lijeometri tse rarahaneng joalo ka li-crucibles, li-tubes, melamu, lifesetere, le li-insulator tse ikhethileng bakeng sa semiconductor, letsatsi, le makala a laser.
Ho nepahala ha dimensional ho bohlokoa, haholo-holo tlhahisong ea semiconductor moo li-susceptors tsa quartz le lijana tsa tšepe li hlokang ho boloka sebaka se nepahetseng le tumellano ea mocheso..
Ho phethela bokaholimo ho phetha karolo ea bohlokoa molemong oa katleho; libaka tse bentšitsoeng li fokotsa ho hasana ha leseli likarolong tsa optical le ho fokotsa libaka tsa nucleation bakeng sa devitrification lits'ebetsong tse phahameng tsa mocheso..
Engraving with buffered HF solutions can create regulated surface area appearances or get rid of damaged layers after machining.
For ultra-high vacuum cleaner (UHV) litsamaiso, quartz porcelains are cleaned and baked to get rid of surface-adsorbed gases, guaranteeing marginal outgassing and compatibility with delicate procedures like molecular beam of light epitaxy (MBE).
4. Industrial and Scientific Applications of Quartz Ceramics
4.1 Role in Semiconductor and Photovoltaic Production
Quartz ceramics are fundamental materials in the construction of incorporated circuits and solar cells, where they work as furnace tubes, wafer watercrafts (susceptors), and diffusion chambers.
Their ability to hold up against heats in oxidizing, lowering, or inert atmospheres– combined with reduced metallic contamination– makes certain process pureness and yield.
Nakong eohle ea ho kenngoa ha mouoane oa lik'hemik'hale (CVD) kapa oxidation ea mocheso, likarolo tsa quartz li boloka botsitso ba dimensional le ho ema ho loantšana, ho tshireletsa kgahlanong le tshenyo ya sephaphatha le ho se leka-lekane.
Ka tlhahiso ea letsatsi, li-quartz crucibles li sebelisetsoa ho holisa li-ingots tsa silicon tsa monocrystalline ka mokhoa oa Czochralski., moo ho hloeka ha bona ho otlolohileng ho ama boleng ba boleng bo phahameng ba motlakase oa lisele tsa ho qetela tsa letsatsi.
4.2 Tšebeliso ho Mabone, Sepakapaka, le Analytical Instrumentation
Phallong e matla haholo (FIHLA) mabone le lisebelisoa tsa sterilization ea UV, Lienfelopo tsa ceramic tsa quartz li na le li-arcs tsa plasma maemong a mocheso a fetang 1000 ° C ha o ntse o fetisetsa UV le khanya e hlokomelehang hantle.
Tšireletso ea bona ea mocheso oa mocheso e sireletsa khahlanong le ho hlōleha nakong ea ho khantša leseli le ho koala.
Sebakeng sa sefofane, Li-ceramic tsa quartz li sebelisoa lifensetereng tsa radar, sensing unit real estates, and thermal defense systems because of their reduced dielectric constant, high strength-to-density ratio, and security under aerothermal loading.
In analytical chemistry and life scientific researches, merged silica veins are necessary in gas chromatography (GC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE), where surface area inertness stops sample adsorption and guarantees accurate separation.
Ho feta moo, quartz crystal microbalances (QCMs), which depend on the piezoelectric residential properties of crystalline quartz (distinctive from merged silica), use quartz porcelains as protective housings and shielding assistances in real-time mass sensing applications.
Ha re phethela, quartz ceramics stand for an one-of-a-kind crossway of severe thermal resilience, optical openness, and chemical purity.
Moralo oa bona oa amorphous le litaba tse phahameng tsa SiO tse peli tsa marang-rang li thusa ho sebetsa maemong a leholimo moo lisebelisoa tse tloaelehileng li emisang ho sebetsa, ho tloha pelong ea masela a semiconductor ho ea lehlakoreng la sebaka.
Ha theknoloji e ntse e tsoela pele ho ea maemong a phahameng a mocheso, ho nepahala ho betere, le mekhoa e hloekileng, li-porcelain tsa quartz li tla tsoelapele ho sebetsa e le mothusi oa bohlokoa oa tsoelo-pele ho mahlale le mmaraka.
Morekisi
Advanced Ceramics e thehiloe ka Mphalane 17, 2012, ke khoebo ea theknoloji e phahameng e ikemiselitseng ho etsa lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele, tlhahiso, ho sebetsa, thekiso le lits'ebeletso tsa tekheniki tsa lisebelisoa le lihlahisoa tse amanang le ceramic. Lihlahisoa tsa rona li kenyelletsa empa ha li felle feela ho Lihlahisoa tsa Ceramic tsa Boron Carbide, Lihlahisoa tsa Ceramic tsa Boron Nitride, Silicon Carbide Lihlahisoa tsa Ceramic, Silicon Nitride Lihlahisoa tsa Ceramic, Lihlahisoa tsa Ceramic tsa Zirconium Dioxide, etc. Haeba u thahasella, ka kopo ikutloe u lokolohile ho ikopanya le rona.([email protected])
Li-tag: Quartz Ceramics, sejana sa ceramic, liphaephe tsa ceramic
Lingoliloeng tsohle le litšoantšo li tsoa Marang-rang. Haeba ho na le litaba tsa copyright, ka kopo ikopanye le rona ka nako ho hlakola.
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