1. Ihe mejupụtara na njirimara ihe owuwu nke Quartz ceramik
1.1 Ịdị Ọcha kemịkalụ na Mgbanwe kristal ruo Amorphous
(Quartz ceramik)
Quartz poselin, a na-akpọkwa silica merged ma ọ bụ quartz agbakwunyere, bụ otu klas nke arụmọrụ dị elu abụghị ngwaahịa sitere na silicon dioxide (SiO Abụọ) na ya ultra-ọcha, na-abụghị kristal (amorphous) ụdị.
N'adịghị ka seramiki a na-emekarị nke na-adabere na polycrystalline frameworks, A na-ekewa ihe mkpuchi quartz dị iche iche site na enweghị oke ọka zuru oke n'ihi ọmarịcha ha, netwọk isotropic nke SiO ₄ tetrahedra jikọtara na netwọk aka ike nke akụkụ atọ..
A na-enweta usoro amorphous a site na mgbaze dị elu nke kristal quartz eke ma ọ bụ ihe mmalite silica sịntetik., rapaara site na ngwa ngwa jụrụ ịkwụsị guzobe.
Ngwaahịa a na-esi na ya pụta na-agụnyekarị n'ofe 99.9% SiO ₂, ya na ihe ndị na-emerụ emerụ dị ka alkali ígwè (Nke ahụ, K), aluminom, na ígwè na-edobe akụkụ-kwa-nde ọkwa iji chebe anya nchapụta, eletriki resistivity, na thermal arụmọrụ.
Enweghị usoro ogologo oge na-ewepụ omume anisotropic, na-eme ceramik quartz ka ọ kwụ ọtọ ma na-arụ ọrụ na-agbanwe agbanwe na ntuziaka niile– uru dị mkpa na ngwa ziri ezi.
1.2 Omume okpomọkụ na iguzogide ọkụ ọkụ
Otu n'ime ọrụ kachasị akọwapụta nke ceramik quartz bụ ọnụọgụ dị ala nke mgbasawanye ọkụ ha (CTE), na-adịkarị gburugburu 0.55 × 10 ⁻⁶/ K n'etiti 20 Celsius C na 300 Celsius C.
Uto dị nso na efu na-ebilite site na mgbanwe Si– O– Si njikọ akụkụ na netwọk amorphous, nke nwere ike gbanwee n'okpuru nrụgide okpomọkụ na-enweghị mmebi, na-enye ohere ka ngwaahịa ahụ guzosie ike n'ogo mgbanwe ọnọdụ okpomọkụ nke ga-agbawa poselin ọdịnala ma ọ bụ nchara.
ceramik Quartz nwere ike ịtachi obi n'ihe egwu dị elu karịa 1000 Celsius C, dị ka imikpu ozugbo n'ime mmiri mgbe ọ gbasịrị ọkụ ruo ọkwa okpomọkụ dị ọkụ, na-enweghị mgbaji ma ọ bụ spalling.
Ụlọ a na-eme ka ha dị mkpa na ntọala gụnyere ikpo ọkụ ugboro ugboro na oyi oyi, dị ka semiconductor nhazi usoro kpo oku, ihe ikuku ikuku, na usoro ọkụ ọkụ dị elu.
Na mgbakwunye, ceramik quartz na-edobe eziokwu nke ụkpụrụ ụlọ ruo n'ọkwa okpomọkụ 1100 Celsius C na ngwọta na-aga n'ihu, na-adịru nwa oge kpọmkwem mgbochi ikpughe na-abịaru nso 1600 Celsius C na inert ambiences.
( Quartz ceramik)
Nguzogide ujo thermal gara aga, ha na-egosipụta ọkwa okpomọkụ dị nro dị elu (~ 1600 Celsius C )na pụtara ìhè iguzogide devitrification– ọ bụ ezie na ogologo okwu ozugbo ikpughe n'elu 1200 Celsius C nwere ike ịmalite nhazi elu ka ọ bụrụ cristobalite, nke nwere ike mebie ike igwe n'ihi mgbanwe ọnụọgụ n'ime oge mgbanwe oge niile.
2. Ngwa anya, Eletriki, na Ụdị kemịkalụ nke Ngwa Silica Fused
2.1 Mgbasa mgbasa ozi na ngwa Photonic
Ceramics Quartz bụ ndị ama ama maka mgbasa ozi anya ha pụtara ìhè n'okirikiri buru ibu, na-agbatị site na ultraviolet miri emi (UV) na ~ 180 nm na infrared dị nso (NA) na ~ 2500 nm.
A na-ahapụ oghere a site na enweghị adịghị ọcha na ịdị n'otu nke netwọk amorphous, nke na-ebelata mgbasawanye ìhè na absorption.
Ngwakọta sịntetik dị elu dị elu jikọtara ọnụ, eme site na ire ọkụ hydrolysis nke silicon chlorides, na-enwetakwa nnyefe UV dị elu ma jiri ya mee ihe na ngwa dị mkpa dị ka excimer laser optics, lenses fotolithography, na teliskop ndị dabeere na mbara igwe.
Oke mmebi laser dị elu nke ihe ahụ– na-eguzogide mgbawa n'okpuru oké pulsed laser irradiation– na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe zuru oke maka usoro laser dị elu nke ejiri mee nchọpụta nchikota na nhazi azụmahịa.
Na mgbakwunye, ya obere autofluorescence na radieshon na-eguzogide na-ekwe nkwa ntụkwasị obi na ụlọ ọgwụ instrumentation, nke mejupụtara spectrometers, Sistemụ ọgwụgwọ UV, na ngwá ọrụ nlekota ngwa agha nuklia.
2.2 Arụmọrụ Dielectric na Inertness kemịkalụ
Site na eletrịk, quartz porcelains bụ ihe mkpuchi pụrụ iche nwere oke mgbochi karịrị 10 ¹⁸ Ω · centimeters n'ogo mbara igwe yana dielectric na-adịgide adịgide nke siri ike. 3.8 na 1 MHz.
Mbelata dielectric ọnwụ tangent ha (tan δ < 0.0001) makes certain very little power dissipation in high-frequency and high-voltage applications, making them ideal for microwave home windows, radar domes, and insulating substrates in electronic assemblies.
Ụlọ ndị a na-echekwa na nchekwa n'usoro okpomọkụ sara mbara, N'adịghị ka ọtụtụ polymers ma ọ bụ ọkọlọtọ ọkọlọtọ na-ebelata ike eletrik n'okpuru nrụgide okpomọkụ na nchekasị.
Kemịkalụ, Quartz poselin na-egosipụta nnukwu enweghị ike na ọtụtụ acid, nke mejupụtara hydrochloric, nitric, na sulfuric acid, n'ihi nkwụsi ike nke Si– O bond.
Ka o sina dị, ha na-adị mfe ịwakpo hydrofluoric acid (HF) na antacids siri ike dị ka sodium hydroxide na-ekpo ọkụ, nke na-emebi Si– O– Na netwọk.
A na-eji mmeghachi omume a na-aghọtaghị eme ihe na usoro microfabrication ebe a na-achịkwa etching silica agbakwunyere..
Na gburugburu azụmahịa ike ike– dị ka njikwa kemịkal, semiconductor mmiri bench, na njikwa mmiri dị elu dị elu– ceramik quartz na-arụ ọrụ dị ka linings, ele iko, na akụrụngwa reactor ebe ọ dị mkpa ibelata mmetọ.
3. Usoro mmepụta na Geometric Engineering nke Quartz Ceramic Elements
3.1 Ịkụri na Ịkpụ Atụmatụ
Mmepụta nke ceramik quartz gụnyere ọtụtụ ụzọ mgbaze pụrụ iche, nke ọ bụla ahaziri na otu ịdị ọcha na ngwa chọrọ.
Mgbaze ọkụ eletrik na-eji ájá quartz dị elu dị ọcha gbazere n'ime mmiri ọla kọpa jụrụ oyi n'okpuru oghere ma ọ bụ gas inert., eke nnukwu boules ma ọ bụ tubes na magburu onwe thermal na n'ibu residential ma ọ bụ azụmahịa Njirimara.
Ngwakọta ire ọkụ, ma ọ bụ combustion njikọ, gụnyere silicon tetrachloride ọkụ (SiCl ₄) n'ime ọkụ hydrogen-oxygen, na-ebufe iberibe silica dị mma nke na-abanye n'ime preform doro anya– Usoro a na-arụpụta ihe kacha elu ngwa anya elu mma na-eji maka sịntetik merged silica.
Plasma agbaze na-eji ụzọ dị iche iche, na-enye ọkwa okpomọkụ dị oke elu yana nhazi enweghị mmetọ maka ngwa niche aerospace na nchedo.
Mgbe agbazere, Enwere ike ịkpụ seramiki quartz site na nkedo ziri ezi, centrifugal na-etolite (maka tubes), ma ọ bụ CNC machining nke oghere ndị e debere.
N'ihi na ha na-agbaji agbaji, igwe na-akpọ maka ngwaọrụ diamond na njikwa nlezianya iji gbochie microcracking.
3.2 Imepụta nke ọma yana Mpaghara dị n'elu na-emecha
A na-emekarị ihe ndị na-emepụta seramiiki quartz ka ọ bụrụ geometry gbagwojuru anya dị ka crucibles, ọkpọkọ, mkpanaka, windo, na insulators ahaziri maka semiconductor, anyanwụ, na ngalaba laser.
Izi ezi akụkụ dị oke egwu, karịsịa na mmepụta semiconductor ebe quartz susceptors na mgbịrịgba mgbịrịgba kwesịrị ịnọgide na-edobe ebe kwesịrị ekwesị na nkwekọrịta okpomọkụ..
Imecha elu na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na arụmọrụ; Ebe elu a na-egbu maramara na-ebelata ịgbasa ọkụ n'ime ngwa anya ma belata saịtị nucleation maka nhụsianya na ngwa okpomọkụ dị elu..
Ihe osise na ngwọta HF nwere nchekwa nwere ike ịmepụta ọdịdị elu ala ahaziri ahazi ma ọ bụ wepụ akwa akwa mebiri mgbe emechara ya..
Maka ihe nhicha ultra-high vacuum Cleaner (UHV) usoro, A na-ehicha ihe ndị dị na quartz ma sie ya ka o wee wepụ ikuku ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ n'elu, na-ekwe nkwa mpụ n'akụkụ na ndakọrịta na usoro ndị siri ike dị ka molecular beam of light epitaxy (MBE).
4. Ngwa ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na sayensị nke Quartz ceramik
4.1 Ọrụ na Semiconductor na Photovoltaic Production
ceramik Quartz bụ ihe ndị dị mkpa na-ewu sekit etinyere na sel anyanwụ, ebe ha na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ọkụ tubes, wafer watercrafts (susceptors), na ụlọ mgbasa.
Ikike ha iguzogide okpomọkụ na oxidizing, na-eweda ala, ma ọ bụ ikuku inert– jikọtara ya na mbelata dara mmetọ– na-eme ka usoro ụfọdụ dị ọcha na mkpụrụ.
N'oge mkpofu kemịkalụ niile (CVD) ma ọ bụ thermal oxidation, ihe quartz na-echekwa nkwụsi ike n'akụkụ ma guzoro n'ike, na-echebe megide mmebi wafer na ahaghị nhata.
Na mmepụta anyanwụ, A na-eji quartz crucibles gbasaa monocrystalline silicon ingots site na usoro Czochralski., ebe ịdị ọcha ha kwụ ọtọ na-emetụta ogo ọkụ eletrik nke mkpụrụ ndụ anyanwụ ikpeazụ.
4.2 Ojiji na ọkụ, Igwe ikuku, na Analytical Instrumentation
N'ịgbapụta oke ike (HID) oriọna na UV sterilization sistem, Quartz ceramic envelopes nwere arcs plasma na ọkwa okpomọkụ karịrị 1000 Celsius C ka ị na-ebufe UV na ìhè a na-ahụ anya nke ọma.
Nguzogide ujo ọkụ ha na-echebe megide ọdịda n'oge mgbanye ọkụ ngwa ngwa na okirikiri mmechi.
Na mbara igwe, A na-eji ceramik quartz eme ihe na windo radar, mmetụta unit ezigbo ala na ụlọ, na usoro nchebe thermal n'ihi na ha na-ebelata dielectric mgbe niile, oke ike na njupụta, na nchekwa n'okpuru aerothermal loading.
Na nyocha kemịkalụ na nyocha sayensị ndụ, veins silica jikọtara ọnụ dị mkpa na chromatography gas (GC) na capillary electrophoresis (CE), ebe inertness dị n'elu na-akwụsị mgbasa ozi nlele ma na-ekwe nkwa nkewa ziri ezi.
Ọzọkwa, quartz kristal microbalances (Ndị QCM), nke dabere na piezoelectric residential Njirimara nke crystalline quartz (dị iche na silica jikọtara ọnụ), jiri quartz poselin dị ka ebe nchekwa na enyemaka mkpuchi na ngwa nhụta oke oge.
Na ngwụcha, ceramik quartz na-anọchi anya ụzọ ụzọ ụzọ gafere n'ụdị nke ike resilience thermal, ngwa anya oghe, na ịdị ọcha kemịkalụ.
Ha amorphous kpuchie na elu SiO abụọ webụ ọdịnaya na-eme ka arụmọrụ dị na ikuku ebe ihe ọkọlọtọ kwụsịrị ịrụ ọrụ, site na obi nke semiconductor fabs ruo n'akụkụ mpaghara.
Dị ka nkà na ụzụ na-aga n'ihu n'ọkwa okpomọkụ ka ukwuu, mma nkenke, na usoro dị ọcha, Quartz poselin ga-aga n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ihe na-enyere aka ọganihu n'ofe sayensị na ahịa.
Onye nkesa
Advanced Ceramics tọrọ ntọala na October 17, 2012, bụ ụlọ ọrụ teknụzụ dị elu kwadoro nyocha na mmepe, mmepụta, nhazi, ahịa na ọrụ aka nke seramiiki ikwu ihe na ngwaahịa. Ngwaahịa anyị gụnyere mana ọnweghị oke na ngwaahịa seramiiki Boron Carbide, Ngwaahịa seramiiki boron nitride, Ngwaahịa seramiiki Silicon Carbide, Ngwaahịa seramiiki silicon Nitride, Ngwaahịa seramiiki Zirconium Dioxide, wdg. Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere mmasị, biko nweere onwe gị ịkpọtụrụ anyị.([email protected])
Tags: Quartz ceramik, efere seramiiki, ọkpọkọ seramiiki
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