1. Babban Abun Haɗin Kai da Halayen Gine-gine na Ƙaƙwalwar Ceramics
1.1 Tsaftar Sinadarai da Canjin Crystalline-zuwa-Amorphous
(Quartz Ceramics)
Quartz pocelains, Haka kuma ake kira silica merged ko hadedde quartz, wani nau'i ne na babban aiki ba samfuran halitta waɗanda aka samo daga silicon dioxide ba (SiO BIYU) a cikin ultra-tsarki, ba crystalline (amorphous) irin.
Ba kamar yumbu na al'ada waɗanda suka dogara da tsarin polycrystalline ba, Ma'adini na ma'adini an bambanta su ta hanyar cikakkiyar rashin iyakokin hatsi sakamakon ƙuruciyarsu, cibiyar sadarwa isotropic na SiO ₄ tetrahedra hade a cikin hanyar sadarwa ta sabani mai girma uku..
Wannan tsarin amorphous yana samuwa ta hanyar narkar da yanayin zafi mai zafi na lu'ulu'u na ma'adini na halitta ko silica precursors na roba., manne da sauri sanyaya don dakatar da samuwar.
Samfurin da aka samu ya haɗa da yawanci 99.9% SiO ₂, tare da gurɓataccen abu kamar alkali karfe (Wannan, K), aluminum, da ƙarfe yana kiyaye matakan sassa-da-miliyan don kare tsabtar gani, lantarki resistivity, da ingancin thermal.
Rashin tsari na dogon lokaci yana kawar da ayyukan anisotropic, yin yumburan ma'adini mai tsayi da tsayi kuma daidai gwargwado a duk umarnin– muhimmiyar fa'ida a aikace-aikacen daidaito.
1.2 Halayen thermal da Juriya ga Shock thermal
Daga cikin mafi ƙayyadaddun ayyuka na yumburan ma'adini shine ƙarancin ƙarancin haɓakar haɓakar zafi na musamman (CTE), kullum a kusa 0.55 × 10 ⁻⁶/ K tsakanin 20 ° C da 300 ° C.
Wannan haɓakar kusan-sifili ya taso daga sassauƙan Si– O– Si bond kwana a cikin amorphous cibiyar sadarwa, wanda zai iya daidaitawa a ƙarƙashin damuwa na thermal ba tare da lalacewa ba, ba da izinin samfur don jure gyare-gyaren matakin zafin jiki mai sauri wanda tabbas zai fasa faranti na gargajiya ko karafa.
Kayan yumbura na Quartz na iya jure girgizar zafi sama da 100 1000 ° C, kamar nutsewa kai tsaye cikin ruwa bayan dumama zuwa matakan zafi mai zafi, ba tare da karaya ba ko spalling.
Wannan ginin yana ba su mahimmanci a cikin saitunan ciki har da maimaita dumama da sanyaya hawan keke, kamar semiconductor sarrafa dumama tsarin, abubuwan sararin samaniya, da tsarin fitilu masu ƙarfi.
Bugu da kari, yumburan ma'adini suna kiyaye gaskiyar tsarin gine-gine har zuwa matakan zafin jiki 1100 ° C a ci gaba da bayani, tare da juriya kai tsaye na ɗan lokaci yana gabatowa 1600 ° C a cikin inert ambiences.
( Quartz Ceramics)
Juriyar girgiza zafin da ta gabata, suna nuna matakan zafi mai laushi (~ 1600 ° C )da kuma fice juriya ga detriification– ko da yake dogon lokaci kai tsaye fallasa a kan 1200 ° C na iya fara samuwar saman kai tsaye zuwa cikin cristobalite, wanda zai iya ɓata ƙarfin injina saboda yawan gyare-gyare a duk lokacin canje-canje.
2. Na gani, Lantarki, da Ingantattun Sinadarai Na Fused Silica Equipment
2.1 Fassarar Broadband da Aikace-aikacen Photonic
Abubuwan yumbura na Quartz sun shahara saboda fitattun watsawar gani da suke yi a cikin babban jeri mai ban tsoro, tsawaitawa daga zurfin ultraviolet (UV) ku ~ 180 nm zuwa kusa-infrared (KUMA) ku ~ 2500 nm.
Ana ba da izinin wannan buɗewar ta rashin ƙazanta da kuma daidaituwar hanyar sadarwar amorphous, wanda ke rage yaduwar haske da sha.
Babban-tsarki roba mai hade da siliki, Halitta ta hanyar hydrolysis na harshen wuta na silicon chlorides, Hakanan yana samun mafi girman watsawar UV kuma ana amfani dashi a cikin mahimman aikace-aikace kamar excimer Laser optics, ruwan tabarau photolithography, da na'urorin hangen nesa na sararin samaniya.
Ƙayyadaddun lalacewar Laser na kayan abu– juriya rushewa a karkashin matsananci pulsed Laser saka iska mai guba– ya sa ya zama cikakke don tsarin laser mai ƙarfi da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin binciken haɗin gwiwa da machining na kasuwanci.
Bugu da kari, low autofluorescence da radiation juriya yana ba da garantin aminci a cikin kayan aikin asibiti, wanda ya ƙunshi na'urori masu auna sigina, Tsarin kula da UV, da makaman nukiliya.
2.2 Ayyukan Dielectric da Rashin Inertness
Daga yanayin lantarki, Quartz porcelains sune na musamman insulators tare da yawan juriya da yawa 10 ¹⁸ Ω · santimita a matakin zafin sararin samaniya da madaidaicin dielectric na kusan 3.8 a 1 MHz.
Rashin tangent dielectric sun rage (tan δ < 0.0001) makes certain very little power dissipation in high-frequency and high-voltage applications, making them ideal for microwave home windows, radar domes, and insulating substrates in electronic assemblies.
Waɗannan gine-ginen sun kasance amintacce a kan jeri mai faɗin zafin jiki, sabanin da yawa polymers ko daidaitattun faranti waɗanda ke raunana wutar lantarki a ƙarƙashin matsin zafi da damuwa.
Na kimiyya, Quartz porcelains suna nuna rashin aiki mai ban sha'awa ga yawancin acid, wanda ya ƙunshi hydrochloric, nitric, da kuma sulfuric acid, saboda kwanciyar hankalin Si– Ya bond.
Duk da haka, suna da rauni ga harin hydrofluoric acid (HF) da antacids masu ƙarfi kamar zafi sodium hydroxide, wanda ke lalata Si– O– Da network.
Ana yin amfani da wannan sake kunnawa mai hankali a cikin hanyoyin microfabrication inda ake buƙatar sarrafa etching na hadedde silica..
A cikin yanayin kasuwanci mai tsanani– kamar sarrafa sinadarai, semiconductor rigar benches, da sarrafa ruwa mai tsabta– yumbura quartz yana aiki azaman rufi, duba tabarau, da kuma abubuwan da aka gyara na reactor inda ake buƙatar rage gurɓatawa.
3. Hanyoyin samarwa da Injiniya Geometric na Quartz Ceramic Elements
3.1 Narkewa da Ƙirƙirar Dabarun
Samar da yumbu na quartz ya haɗa da hanyoyin narkewa na musamman da yawa, kowanne an keɓance shi da tsafta da buƙatun aikace-aikace.
Narkewar baka na lantarki yana yin amfani da yashi mai tsafta mai tsafta wanda aka narke a cikin kwandon jan ƙarfe mai sanyaya ruwa a ƙarƙashin injin ruwa ko iskar gas., ƙirƙirar manyan boules ko bututu tare da kyakkyawan yanayin zafi da na inji ko kaddarorin kasuwanci.
Haɗin harshen wuta, ko haɗakar konewa, ya ƙunshi kona silicon tetrachloride (SiCl ₄) a cikin wuta hydrogen-oxygen, canja wurin ɓangarorin siliki masu kyau waɗanda ke jujjuya su cikin tsari na zahiri– wannan tsarin yana samar da mafi girman ingancin gani kuma ana amfani dashi don silica da aka haɗa ta roba.
Narkewar Plasma yana amfani da wani kwas daban, yana ba da matakan zafi mai tsananin zafi da sarrafawa mara lalacewa don ƙayyadaddun sararin samaniya da aikace-aikacen kariya.
Lokacin narke, Za a iya siffanta yumburan quartz ta hanyar yin simintin daidaito, centrifugal masu tasowa (don tubes), ko CNC machining na pre-sintered sarari.
Saboda karyewarsu, machining yana kira ga kayan aikin lu'u-lu'u da kulawa da hankali don hana microcracking.
3.2 Daidaitaccen Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙirar Ƙarfafawa da Ƙaddamarwar Yankin Sama
Abubuwan abubuwan yumbura na quartz akai-akai ana yin su daidai cikin ƙayyadaddun geometries kamar crucibles, bututu, sanduna, tagogi, da insulators na musamman don semiconductor, hasken rana, da kuma sassan laser.
Madaidaicin girman yana da mahimmanci, musamman a samar da semiconductor inda ma'adini masu raɗaɗi da kwantenan kararrawa suna buƙatar kiyaye daidaitaccen wuri da jituwa ta thermal..
Kammala saman yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin inganci; Wuraren da aka goge suna rage tarwatsewar haske a cikin kayan aikin gani da kuma rage rukunin nucleation don ɓarna a aikace-aikacen zafin jiki mai ƙarfi..
Zane-zane tare da buffered HF mafita na iya haifar da kayyade yanayin bayyanar fili ko kawar da lalacewa yadudduka bayan machining..
Don injin tsabtace tsabta mai ƙarfi (UHV) tsarin, Ana tsaftace kayan kwalliyar quartz kuma ana gasa su don kawar da iskar gas da ke da alaƙa da sama, yana ba da garantin fitar da iskar gas na gefe da dacewa tare da ƙayyadaddun matakai kamar katako na ƙwayoyin haske na epitaxy (MBE).
4. Masana'antu da Aikace-aikace na Kimiyya na Quartz Ceramics
4.1 Matsayi a cikin Semiconductor da Samar da Hotovoltaic
Kayan yumbura na Quartz kayan aiki ne masu mahimmanci a cikin ginin da'irori da sel na hasken rana, inda suke aiki a matsayin bututun wuta, wafer watercrafts (masu cutarwa), da wuraren yaduwa.
Iyawar su na riƙe da zafi a cikin oxidizing, ragewa, ko inert yanayi– hade tare da raguwar gurɓataccen ƙarfe– yana sa wasu tsari tsarkakakke da yawan amfanin ƙasa.
A duk lokacin da ake tara tururin sinadarai (CVD) ko thermal oxidation, Abubuwan ma'adini suna kiyaye kwanciyar hankali da tsayin daka da tsayin daka, kariya daga lalacewar wafer da rashin daidaituwa.
A cikin samar da hasken rana, Ana amfani da ma'adinan ma'adini don faɗaɗa ingots silicon monocrystalline ta hanyar Czochralski., inda tsaftarsu madaidaiciya ke shafar ingancin saman wutar lantarki na ƙarshe na ƙwayoyin rana.
4.2 Amfani a cikin Haske, Jirgin sama, da Analytical Instrumentation
A cikin fitarwa mai ƙarfi (HID) fitilu da tsarin haifuwa UV, Ambulan yumbura quartz sun ƙunshi baka na plasma a matakan zafin jiki da ya wuce gona da iri 1000 ° C yayin watsa UV da haske mai santsi da inganci.
Juriyar girgiza su ta thermal yana karewa daga gazawa yayin saurin ƙonewar haske da hawan keken rufewa.
A cikin sararin samaniya, Ana amfani da yumbu na quartz a cikin tagogin radar, ji naúrar dukiya, da tsarin tsaro na thermal saboda rage yawan dielectric akai-akai, babban ƙarfi-zuwa-yawa rabo, da tsaro a karkashin aerothermal loading.
A cikin ilimin kimiya na nazari da binciken kimiyyar rayuwa, hadaddun silica veins wajibi ne a gas chromatography (GC) da kuma capillary electrophoresis (CE), inda inertness na sararin samaniya yana dakatar da tallan samfurin kuma yana ba da tabbacin rabuwa daidai.
Bugu da kari, ma'adini crystal microbalances (QCMs), wanda ya dogara da kaddarorin mazaunin piezoelectric na ma'adini crystalline (bambanta daga silica merged), yi amfani da farantin quartz azaman gidaje masu kariya da taimakon garkuwa a aikace-aikacen ji na jama'a na ainihin lokaci.
A karshe, yumburan ma'adini suna tsaye don madaidaicin hanya ɗaya-na-a-iri na tsananin juriyar zafi, budewar gani, da tsarkin sinadarai.
Tsarin su na amorphous da babban abun ciki na yanar gizo na SiO guda biyu yana ba da damar inganci a cikin yanayi inda daidaitattun kayan ke daina aiki, daga zuciyar semiconductor fabs zuwa gefen yanki.
Kamar yadda fasaha ta ci gaba zuwa mafi girman matakan zafin jiki, mafi daidaito, kuma mafi tsabta hanyoyin, Ma'adinan ma'adini za su ci gaba da aiki a matsayin mai ba da gudummawa mai mahimmanci na ci gaban kimiyya da kasuwa.
Mai rarrabawa
Advanced Ceramics kafa a Oktoba 17, 2012, babban kamfani ne na fasaha mai himma ga bincike da haɓakawa, samarwa, sarrafawa, tallace-tallace da sabis na fasaha na yumbu dangi kayan da samfurori. Kayayyakinmu sun haɗa amma ba'a iyakance ga samfuran yumbura na Boron Carbide ba, Boron Nitride Ceramic Products, Silicon Carbide Ceramic Products, Silicon Nitride Ceramic Products, Zirconium Dioxide Ceramic Products, da dai sauransu. Idan kuna sha'awar, don Allah a ji daɗin tuntuɓar mu.([email protected])
Tags: Quartz Ceramics, yumbu tasa, yumbu bututu
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