1. Isayensi Ebalulekile kanye ne-Nanoarchitectural Design ye-Airgel Coatings
1.1 Umsuka Nokuhunyushwa Kwezingubo Ezisekelwe ku-Aerogel
(I-Airgel Coatings)
Izembozo ze-Airgel zimelela inkambo yoguquko yemikhiqizo esebenzayo etholakala endlini ebanzi yama-aerogel– i-ultra-porous, izinto eziqinile eziphansi ezidume ngokufaka ukufudumala okuphawulekayo, indawo ephezulu, kanye nesakhiwo samandla e-nanoscale.
Ngokungafani ne-monolithic aerogels evamile, ngokuvamile ezisengozini futhi okunzima ukuzifaka kumajometri ayinkimbinkimbi, Izendlalelo ze-airgel zisetshenziswa njengamamuvi amancane noma izendlalelo zendawo engaphezulu kuma-substratum afana nezinsimbi, ama-polymers, izindwangu, noma imikhiqizo yokwakha.
Lezi zendlalelo zigcina izici eziyinhloko zama-aerogels amaningi– ikakhulukazi i-nanoscale porosity yabo kanye nokunciphisa ukuqhutshwa kokushisa– ngenkathi ihlinzeka ngokuqina komshini okuthuthukisiwe, ukwenza izinto ezihlukahlukene, kanye nobulula bokusebenzisa ngamasu afana nokufutha, i-dip-coating, noma ukucubungula i-roll-to-roll.
Ingxenye eyinhloko yezendlalelo eziningi ze-airgel i-silica (SIO LESIBILI), nakuba izinhlelo ze-crossbreed ezihlanganisa ama-polymers, ikhabhoni, noma izanduleli ze-ceramic zisetshenziswa kakhulu ukwenza umsebenzi ofanele.
Isici esicacisayo se-airgel coatings inethiwekhi yabo e-nanostructured, ngokuvamile akhiwe ngama-nanoparticles axhumene adala izimbotshana ezinosayizi ngezansi 100 ama-nanometers– kuncane kunomzila ojwayelekile wezinhlayiya zomoya.
Lokhu kuvinjelwa kwezakhiwo kucindezela kahle ukuqhutshwa kwegesi kanye nokudluliswa kokushisa kwe-convective, ukwenza ama-airgel aqedele phakathi kwesinye sezivikeli ezishisayo ezithembeke kakhulu ezaziwayo.
1.2 Izindlela Zokuhlanganisa kanye Nezindlela Zokomisa
Ukwakhiwa kwezingubo ze-airgel kuqala ngokwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi yejeli enomswakama ngokusebenzisa i-sol-gel chemistry., lapho izandulela zamangqamuzana ezifana ne-tetraethyl orthosilicate (I-TEOS) i-hydrolysis kanye nokusabela kwe-condensation ku-fluid medium ukwakha inethiwekhi ye-silica enezinhlangothi ezintathu.
Le nqubo ingalungiswa kahle ukulawula usayizi wembobo, i-bit morphology, kanye nokuminyana okuxhumanisayo ngokulungisa izicaciso ezifana ne-pH, isilinganiso samanzi-kuya-sandulela, kanye nomshayeli onomusa.
Uma inethiwekhi yejeli seyidaliwe ngaphakathi kokusethwa kwefilimu emincane endaweni engaphansi, Isithiyo esibalulekile sincike ekukhipheni uketshezi lwembotshana ngaphandle kokudiliza i-nanostructure ethambile– inkinga ngokwesiko ixazululwe ngokomiswa okukhulu.
Ekomisweni kwe-supercritical, isincibilikisi (ngokuvamile utshwala noma i-CO ₂) iyafudunyezwa futhi icindezeleke ngaphezu kwephuzu layo elibucayi, ukususa isixhumi esibonakalayo somhwamuko owuketshezi nokumisa ukuncipha okubangelwa ukucindezeleka kwe-capillary.
Ngenkathi isebenza kahle, le nqubo idla amandla kaningi futhi ayifaneleki kangako izinhlelo zokusebenza zesendlalelo esikhulu noma esisendaweni.
( I-Airgel Coatings)
Ukuqeda le mikhawulo, ukuthuthuka ekomisweni kwengcindezi ekhona (I-APD) empeleni bavumele ukukhiqizwa kwezigqoko ze-airgel eziqinile ngaphandle kokudinga amadivaysi anengcindezi ephezulu.
Lokhu kufinyelelwa ngokulungiswa okungaphezulu kwenethiwekhi ye-silica kusetshenziswa abamele i-silylating (isib., trimethylchlorosilane), ezishintsha amaqembu e-hydroxyl angaphezulu ngama-hydrophobic moieties, ukwehlisa amandla e-capillary ngesikhathi sokuhwamuka.
Izembozo ezitholakalayo zigcina ama-porosity edlula 90% kanye nobukhulu obuphansi obufika ku-0.1– 0.3 g/cm³, ukuvikela ukusebenza kwabo kwe-insulative ngenkathi benza kube nokwenzeka ekukhiqizeni okunoshukela.
2. Izici Zokusebenza Ezishisayo Nezomshini
2.1 I-Thermal Insulation Eyingqayizivele kanye Nokucindezela Kokudlulisa Okufudumele
Indawo yokuhlala eyaziwa kakhulu yezembozo ze-airgel yi-ultra-low low conductivity yayo, ngokuvamile ziyehluka 0.012 ku 0.020 W/m · K ezimweni ze-ambient– ilingana nomoya onganyakazi futhi iphansi kakhulu kunezinto ezijwayelekile zokufaka izinto ezifana ne-polyurethane (0.025– 0.030 W/m · K )noma uboya bamaminerali (0.035– 0.040 W/m · K).
Lokhu kusebenza kahle kubangelwa isethi yezindlela ezintathu zokucindezela ukudlulisa okufudumele okungaphakathi ku-nanostructure: ukudluliswa okuncane okuqinile ngenxa yenethiwekhi emincane ye-silica ligaments, ukuqhutshwa kwe-aeriform okuncane ngenxa yokusabalalisa kwe-Knudsen kuma-sub-100 nm pores, kanye nokunciphisa ukudluliswa kwemisebe ngokusebenzisa i-doping noma ukuthuthukiswa kwe-pigment.
Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezinengqondo, ngisho nezingqimba ezincane (1– 5 mm) Ukuqedwa kwe-airgel kungafinyelela ukumelana nokushisa (I-R-value) uma kuqhathaniswa nokujiya kakhulu kwendabuko, ukunika amandla izitayela ezibambezeleka emkhathini ku-aerospace, ukuthuthukisa izimvilophu, namagajethi eselula.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, Izendlalelo ze-airgel zibonisa ukusebenza okuvikelekile ebangeni elikhulu lokushisa, kusuka ezinkingeni ze-cryogenic (-200 °C )ukulinganisa amazinga okushisa aphezulu (cishe 600 ° C kumasistimu we-silica ahlanzekile), ukubenza bafanelekele izindawo ezinzima.
Ukukhipha ukungcola okuphansi kwazo kanye nokubonakala kwelanga kungathuthukiswa nakakhulu ngokuhlanganiswa kombala we-infrared-reflective noma izakhiwo zama-multilayer, ukwenza ngcono ukuvikela ngemisebe ezinhlelweni ezivezwe yilanga.
2.2 Ukuqina Komshini kanye Nokuhambisana Kwe-Substrate
Kungakhathaliseki porosity yabo ngokwedlulele, ukuqedwa kwe-airgel yesimanje kubonisa ukuqina komshini okumangazayo, ikakhulukazi uma iqiniswa ngezibophezelo ze-polymer noma ama-nanofibers.
Ukwakhiwa kwe-Crossbreed organic-inorganic, njengalezo ezihlanganisa i-silica aerogels nama-polymers, ama-epoxies, noma ama-polysiloxanes, thuthukisa ukuzivumelanisa nezimo, ukunamathela, kanye nokumelana nomthelela, okwenza i-coating ibekezelele ukudlidliza, ibhayisikili elishisayo, nokuhuzuka okuncane.
Lezi zinhlelo ze-hybrid zigcina ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kwe-insulation ngenkathi zenza ukuphakama ngamavelu ekhefu afika ku-5– 10%, ukuvikela ekuqhekekeni ngaphansi kwengcindezi.
Kuhlanganiswe kuma-substratum ahlukahlukene– insimbi, i-aluminium, ukhonkolo, ingilazi, nama-foil ahlukahlukene– kufinyelelwa nge-surface priming, amakhemikhali ahlanganisa abameleli, noma isibopho se-in-situ ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.
Ukwengeza, Izendlalelo ze-airgel zingakhiwa zibe yi-hydrophobic noma i-superhydrophobic, ukuxosha amanzi kanye nokumisa ukungena kokuswakama okungase konakalise ukusebenza kahle kwe-insulation noma kugqugquzele ukugqwala.
Le nhlanganisela yokuqina kwemishini kanye nokumelana nemvelo kuthuthukisa impilo ende ngaphandle, osolwandle, kanye nokusetha kwezimboni.
3. Ukuhlukahluka Okusebenzayo kanye Nenhlanganisela Yemisebenzi eminingi
3.1 I-Acoustic Damping kanye namakhono okufakwa kwe-Audio Insulation
Ngaphandle kokuphatha okushisayo, ama-airgel finishes akhombisa amandla amakhulu e-acoustic insulation ngenxa ye-open-pore nanostructure, echitha amandla omsindo ngokulahlekelwa okukhulu kanye nokungqubuzana kwangaphakathi.
Inethiwekhi ye-nanopore ehlukumezayo ikhinyabeza ukwanda kwamagagasi e-acoustic, ikakhulukazi ezinhlobonhlobo zokujwayelekile ezimaphakathi kuya kokuphezulu, ukwenza i-airgel iqede isebenze kahle ekwehliseni umsindo kumakhabethe omkhathi, amaphaneli ezimoto, kanye nezakhiwo zodonga zokwakha.
Uma kuhlanganiswe nezingqimba ze-viscoelastic noma ukulwa ne-micro-perforated nge, Amasistimu asekelwe ku-aerogel angafeza ukumuncwa komsindo we-broadband ngesisindo esincane kakhulu esingeziwe– inzuzo ebalulekile ezinhlelweni ezizwela isisindo.
Lokhu kusebenza okuningi kuvumela ukuklama kwezithiyo ezihlanganisiwe ze-thermal-acoustic, ukunciphisa isidingo sezendlalelo eziningi ezihlukene kuzilungiselelo eziyinkimbinkimbi.
3.2 Izakhiwo Zokumelana Nomlilo kanye Nokunciphisa Intuthu
Izembozo ze-Airgel ngokwemvelo azishi, njengoba amasistimu asekelwe ku-silica awangezi uphethiloli emlilweni futhi angamelana namazinga okushisa ngaphezu kwezici zokuthungela zesakhiwo esivamile kanye nemikhiqizo yokwakha kanye ne-insulation..
Uma kuhlobene nama-substratum avuthayo njengokhuni, ama-polymers, noma izindwangu, I-airgel coatings isebenza njengesithiyo sokushisa, ukubambezela ukudluliswa kokufudumala kanye ne-pyrolysis, ngaleyo ndlela kukhulisa ukumelana nomlilo nokuthuthukisa isikhathi sokuphunyuka.
Amanye amafomula ahlanganisa izithasiselo ze-intumescent noma ama-dopant abamba ilangabi (isib., phosphorus noma boron izinto) ezinwebekayo lapho zishisisa, ukudala isendlalelo se-char esivikelayo esivikela kangcono izinto ezingaphansi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokungafani nama-insulation amaningi asekelwe ku-polymer, Izendlalelo ze-airgel zidala intuthu encane futhi azikho izivunguvungu eziyingozi lapho zingaphansi kokushisa okuphezulu, ukuthuthukisa ukuphepha ezindaweni ezivalekile njengemigudu, imikhumbi, kanye nezakhiwo eziphakeme.
4. Izicelo Zezimboni Nezafufusayo Kuwo wonke amaSector
4.1 Ukusebenza Kwezamandla Ezakhiweni Zokwakha Nezimboni
Ukuqedwa kwe-Airgel kushintsha ukuphathwa kokushisa okulula ngesitayela nohlaka.
Kufakwe kumawindi, izindawo zodonga, kanye nophahla, banciphisa ukushisisa kwasekhaya kanye nokupholisa amathani ngokunciphisa ukushintshana okufudumele okuqhutshwayo nokukhipha imisebe, ukufaka isandla ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo samandla esingenaziro.
Izingubo ze-airgel ezisobala, ikakhulukazi, vumela ukudluliswa kwasemini ngenkathi uvimba ukuzuza okushisayo, ukubenza balungele ama-skylights kanye nezindonga zamakhethini.
Emathangeni amapayipi nezimboni zokugcina, Ukufakwa kwe-aerogel-coated kunciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla kumhwamuko, i-cryogenic, kanye nokucubungula amasistimu oketshezi, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nokunciphisa ukuphuma kwekhabhoni.
Iphrofayili yabo emincane ivumela ukufakwa kabusha ezindaweni ezinomkhawulo wesikhala lapho ukuvala okujwayelekile kungakwazi ukufakwa.
4.2 I-Aerospace, Ukuzivikela, kanye ne-Wearable Innovation Assimilation
Emkhathini, okokufaka kwe-airgel kuvikela izingxenye ezizwelayo kusukela ekushintsheni kwezinga lokushisa elibi phakathi nokungena kabusha komoya noma ukuthunyelwa kwe-deep-space.
Zisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokuvikela ukushisa (I-TPS), izindlu zesathelayithi, kanye nemigqa ehambisana ne-astronaut, lapho ukonga isisindo kuguqulela khona izindleko ezehlisiwe zokuqalisa.
Kuzicelo zokuvikela, Izindwangu eziboshwe nge-aerogel zinikeza ukufakwa okushisayo kwesisindo esilula kubasebenzi namathuluzi endaweni ye-arctic noma yasogwadule.
Ubuchwepheshe obugqokekayo buzuza ezintweni ezihlukahlukene ze-airgel ezigcina izinga lokushisa lomzimba ezingutsheni ezihlakaniphile, impahla yangaphandle, kanye nezinhlelo zenqubomgomo yezokwelashwa ezishisayo.
Ukwengeza, Ucwaningo luthola ukuqedwa kwe-airgel ngamayunithi ezinzwa ashumekiwe noma izinto zokushintsha isigaba (PCMs) zokuguquguquka, i-insulation eyamukelekayo elungisa izinkinga zemvelo.
Ekugcineni, ama-airgel coatings ayisibonelo samandla obunjiniyela be-nanoscale ukubhekana nobunzima obukhulu bamandla, ezokuphepha, kanye nokusimama.
Ngokuhlanganisa i-ultra-low thermal conductivity kanye nokuguquguquka kwemishini namandla emisebenzi eminingi, bachaza kabusha imikhawulo yobunjiniyela bangaphandle.
Njengoba izindleko zokukhiqiza ziphansi nezindlela zokufaka izicelo ziba nempumelelo kakhulu, Izembozo ze-airgel zibekwe ukuze zibe umkhiqizo ojwayelekile esizukulwaneni esilandelayo, izinhlelo zokuphepha, kanye nezindawo ezihlakaniphile kuzo zonke izimakethe.
5. Ncenga
I-Cabr-Concrete ingumphakeli we-Concrete Admixture ene-over 12 Iminyaka yokuhlangenwe nakho kwe-nano-building energy ukongiwa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwe-nanotechnology. Yamukela inkokhelo ngekhadi lesikweletu, T/T, I-West Union ne-Paypal. I-TRUNNO izothumela izimpahla kumakhasimende aphesheya kwezilwandle nge-FedEx, I-DHL, ngomoya, noma ngolwandle. Uma ufuna ikhwalithi ephezulu ye-Concrete Admixture, sicela ukhululeke ukuxhumana nathi futhi uthumele uphenyo.
Omaka:I-Airgel Coatings, I-Silica Airgel Thermal Insulation Coating, i-thermal insulation coating
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