1. Ka'idodin Samfur da Gidajen Gine-gine na Alumina Ceramics
1.1 Gyaran jiki, Crystallography, da Tsaron Mataki
(Alumina Crucible)
Alumina crucibles ne ainihin-injiniya yumbu tasoshin da aka yi da yawa daga aluminum oxide (Al ₂ O BIYU), daya daga cikin mafi yawan amfani da sophisticated porcelains saboda ban mamaki mix na thermal, inji, da tsaron kimiyya.
Babban lokaci na crystalline a cikin waɗannan crucibles shine alpha-alumina (α-Al biyu O ₃), wanda ya zo daga tsarin corundum– wani tsari mai cike da cuku-cukun hexagonal na ions oxygen tare da kashi biyu bisa uku na tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin octahedral wanda ions na aluminium masu nauyi mai sauƙi suka mamaye..
Wannan marufi mai kauri mai kauri yana haifar da ingantaccen ionic da haɗin kai, samar da babban narkewa (2072 ° C), kyau kwarai taurin (9 akan sikelin Mohs), da juriya ga sneak da nakasawa a matsanancin yanayin zafi.
Yayin da alumina mai tsabta ya dace don aikace-aikace da yawa, gano dopants kamar magnesium oxide (MgO) ana ƙarawa da yawa yayin sintering don hana haɓakar hatsi da haɓaka daidaitattun ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, saboda haka inganta ƙarfin injina da juriya na girgizar thermal.
Tsaftar lokaci na α-Al ₂ O biyar yana da mahimmanci; tsaka-tsakin alumina (misali, c, d, i) waɗanda ke faruwa a ƙananan yanayin zafi suna daidaitawa kuma suna aiwatar da gyare-gyaren yawa yayin jujjuya zuwa matakin alpha, mai yuwuwar haifar da karyewa ko kasawa a ƙarƙashin keken zafi.
1.2 Microstructure da Porosity Control a Crucible Construction
Ayyukan da ake yi na alumina crucible yana da tasiri sosai saboda ƙananan tsarinsa, wanda aka gano a duk lokacin sarrafa foda, tasowa, da sintering matakai.
Tsaftataccen alumina powders (yawanci 99.5% ku 99.99% Al ₂ YA UKU) An kafa su daidai cikin nau'ikan crucible ta amfani da dabaru kamar latsa uniaxial, isostatic latsa, ko zamewar yadawa, an yarda da shi ta hanyar sinteta a matakan zafin jiki tsakanin 1500 ° C da 1700 ° C.
A lokacin sintering, hanyoyin watsawa suna fitar da ɓarkewar haɗuwa, rage girman porosity da haɓaka kauri– zai fi dacewa ci gaba > 99% kauri na ilimi don rage zube cikin tsari da kutsen sinadarai.
Kyawawan ƙwararrun ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta suna haɓaka ƙarfin injiniya da juriya ga tashin hankali na thermal, yayin sarrafa porosity (a cikin wasu maki na musamman) na iya haɓaka juriyar girgiza zafin zafi ta hanyar watsar da kuzari.
Filayen sararin sama yana da mahimmanci kuma: santsi na ciki yana rage wuraren da ba a so ba kuma yana taimakawa wajen kawar da kayan ƙarfafawa bayan sarrafa.
Ƙunƙarar lissafi– wanda ya kunshi kaurin bango, curvature, da tsarin tushe– yana haɓaka don daidaita tasirin canja wurin dumi, kwanciyar hankali na tsari, da juriya ga gangaren zafi yayin dumama gida ko sanyaya.
( Alumina Crucible)
2. Juriya na thermal da Chemical a Matsanancin Muhalli
2.1 Ingantaccen Zazzabi da Halayen Shock na thermal
Alumina crucibles ana amfani da su akai-akai a cikin yanayin da ya wuce 1600 ° C, sanya su mahimmanci a binciken samfuran zafin jiki mai zafi, karfe tace, da kristal ci gaban tafiyar matakai.
Suna nuna raguwar haɓakar thermal (~ 30 W/m · K), wanda, yayin da yake ƙuntata farashin canja wurin zafi, Hakanan yana ba da digiri na insulation na thermal kuma yana taimakawa kula da matakan zafin jiki masu mahimmanci don ƙarfafa jagoranci ko narkewar yanki..
Matsala mai mahimmanci shine juriyar girgiza zafin zafi– iyawar tsayawa har zuwa yanayin zafin da ba zato ba tsammani ba tare da karye ba.
Ko da yake alumina yana da ƙarancin ƙima na haɓakar thermal (~ 8 × 10 ⁻ / K), tsananin tsantsar sa da karyewar sa yana sa shi saurin karyewa idan aka dogara da ma'aunin zafi, musamman a lokacin dumama sauri ko quenching.
Don rage wannan, an shawarci mutane da su bi hanyoyin da ake sarrafa su, preheat crucibles sannu a hankali, kuma guje wa fallasa kai tsaye don buɗe wuta ko wuraren sanyi.
Manyan maki sun haɗa da zirconia (ZrO BIYU) ƙarfafawa ko ƙididdige ƙididdiga don haɓaka juriya ta hanyar dabaru kamar haɓaka haɓaka mataki ko saura matsa lamba da tsara damuwa..
2.2 Rashin Ƙarƙashin Sinadari da Daidaituwa tare da Narke Amsa
Ɗaya daga cikin ma'anar fa'idodin alumina crucibles shine rashin kuzarin sinadarai zuwa nau'ikan narkakken ƙarfe iri-iri., oxides, da gishiri.
Suna da tsayayya sosai ga slags na asali, gilashin ruwa, da yawa karfe gami, ciki har da ƙarfe, nickel, cobalt, da oxides, wanda ke sa su dace da amfani wajen kimanta ƙarfe, gwaje-gwajen thermogravimetric, da yumbu sintering.
Duk da haka, ba su cikin duniya inert: alumina yana amsawa tare da sauye-sauye na acidic kamar phosphoric acid ko boron trioxide a zafi, kuma ana iya lalata ta da narkakken antacid kamar gishiri hydroxide ko potassium carbonate.
Musamman mahimmanci shine hulɗar su tare da aluminum karfe da aluminum-rich alloys, wanda zai iya rage Al biyu O hudu ta hanyar amsawa: 2Al + Al Biyu O Hudu → 3Al biyu O (suboxide), kawo daidaito da gazawar karshe.
Hakazalika, titanium, zirconium, da ƙananan ƙarfe-ƙasa suna nuna babban aiki tare da alumina, samar da aluminides ko hadaddun oxides waɗanda ke yin illa ga kwanciyar hankali da gurɓata narke.
Don irin waɗannan aikace-aikacen, madadin kayan crucible kamar yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), boron nitride (BN), ko ana son molybdenum.
3. Aikace-aikace a cikin Binciken Kimiyya da Sarrafa Masana'antu
3.1 Wajibci a cikin Haɗin Kaya da Ci gaban Crystal
Alumina crucibles sune manyan hanyoyin haɗin zafi daban-daban, wanda ya ƙunshi m-jihar halayen, canza ci gaba, da kuma narke sarrafa tukwane masu amfani da kayan haɗin gwiwa.
A cikin ilimin kimiyya mai ƙarfi, suna aiki azaman kwantena inert don calcining foda, masana'anta phosphor, ko shirya samfuran precursor don lithium-ion baturi cathodes.
Don hanyoyin haɓaka kristal kamar fasahar Czochralski ko Bridgman, Alumina crucibles ana amfani da su don ƙunshi narkakkar oxides kamar yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) ko gilashin neodymium-doped don aikace-aikacen laser.
Tsabtansu mai girma yana tabbatar da ƙarancin gurɓatawar kristal mai girma, yayin da daidaiton girman su yana ɗorewa matsalolin haɓakar haɓakawa a kan faɗuwar tsawon lokaci.
A cikin girma mai juyi, inda ake faɗaɗa lu'ulu'u ɗaya daga cikin kaushi mai zafi, alumina crucibles suna buƙatar jurewar rushewa ta kayan aikin juye– yawanci borates ko molybdates– yana buƙatar zaɓi a hankali na ƙira mai ƙima da ƙayyadaddun sarrafawa.
3.2 Yi amfani da su a cikin Nazarin Chemistry da Ayyukan Narkewar Masana'antu
A cikin labs na nazari, alumina crucibles sune na'urori na yau da kullun a cikin binciken thermogravimetric (TGA) da bambancin sikanin calorimetry (DSC), inda ake yin ainihin ma'auni na taro a ƙarƙashin yanayin da ake sarrafawa da matakan zafin jiki.
Halin da ba na maganadisu ba, high thermal tsaro, kuma dacewa tare da inert da saitunan oxidizing sun sa su zama cikakke don irin wannan madaidaicin girman.
A cikin saitunan kasuwanci, Ana amfani da crucibles alumina a cikin shigarwa da tsarin dumama juriya don narkar da abubuwan da ba kasafai ba, hadawa, da hanyoyin yin simintin gyaran kafa, musamman a cikin kayan ado, na baka, da samar da sashin sararin samaniya.
Ana kuma amfani da su wajen samar da kayan aikin fasaha, Inda aka sanya ɗanyen foda ko zafi mai zafi a cikin alumina setters da crucibles don hana kamuwa da cuta da kuma tabbatar da daidaiton dumama..
4. Iyakance, Ma'amala da Ayyuka, da Haɓaka Samfurin nan gaba
4.1 Ƙuntatawar Aiki da Mafi kyawun Ayyuka don Tsawon Rayuwa
Ko da kuwa ƙarfinsu, Alumina crucibles suna da takamaiman iyakoki na aiki waɗanda dole ne a yaba su don tabbatar da aminci da tsaro da inganci..
Girgizawar zafi ya kasance ɗayan mafi yawan dalilin gazawa; saboda haka, ci gaba da dumama gida da sanyaya zagayowar ya zama dole, musamman idan aka kwatanta da 400– 600 ° C tsararru inda tashin hankali zai iya tattarawa.
Lalacewar injiniya daga lalacewa, thermal bike, ko kira tare da samfurori masu tauri na iya fara microcracks waɗanda ke yawo a ƙarƙashin tashin hankali.
Ya kamata a aiwatar da tsaftacewa sosai– kau da kai daga thermal quenching ko dabaru mara dadi– kuma ana buƙatar a bincika crucibles da aka yi amfani da su don alamun spalling, canza launi, ko nakasa kafin sake amfani.
Girke-girke wani damuwa ne: crucibles da aka yi amfani da su don amsawa ko samfuran cutarwa ba dole ba ne a sake yin su don haɓakar tsafta mai tsafta ba tare da tsafta mai yawa ba ko buƙatar jefar da su..
4.2 Samfuran Tashi a cikin Haɗuwa da Tsarin Alumina Mai Rufi
Don fadada iyawar al'ada alumina crucibles, masu bincike suna ƙirƙirar samfura masu haɗaka da kayan aiki masu daraja.
Misalai sun ƙunshi alumina-zirconia (Al ₂ GAME UKU-ZRO BIYU) mahadi da inganta sturdiness da thermal girgiza juriya, ko alumina-silicon carbide (Al biyu O SIX-SiC) bambance-bambancen da ke inganta haɓakawar thermal don ƙarin dumama gida iri ɗaya.
Rubutun saman da ba kasafai oxides ba (misali, yttria ko scandia) Ana bincika don samar da shingen yadawa daga karafa masu amsawa, don haka ƙara kewayon narke masu dacewa.
Bugu da kari, ƙari masana'anta na alumina aka gyara yana tasowa, ba da izinin geometries masu ƙima na al'ada tare da tashoshi na ciki don bin diddigin zafin jiki ko kwararar gas, buɗe sabon damar a cikin sarrafa hanya da salon reactor.
Don kammalawa, alumina crucibles sun ci gaba da zama tushen haɓakar zafin jiki mai zafi, mai daraja don amincin su, tsarki, da saukakawa cikin sunayen yanki na asibiti da kasuwanci.
Ci gaban juyin halittar su tare da injiniyoyin microstructural da ƙirar kayan haɓaka sun tabbatar da cewa za su ci gaba da kasancewa kayan aiki masu mahimmanci a cikin haɓakar kayan binciken kimiyya., fasahar wutar lantarki, da kuma samar da ci-gaba.
5. Mai bayarwa
Abubuwan da aka bayar na Alumina Technology Co., Ltd., Ltd mayar da hankali kan bincike da haɓakawa, samarwa da tallace-tallace na aluminum oxide foda, aluminum oxide kayayyakin, aluminum oxide crucible, da dai sauransu., hidima da kayan lantarki, tukwane, sinadarai da sauran masana'antu. Tun lokacin da aka kafa shi a 2005, kamfanin ya himmatu wajen samarwa abokan ciniki mafi kyawun kayayyaki da sabis. Idan kana neman high quality alumina crucible tare da murfi, don Allah a ji daɗin tuntuɓar mu.
Tags: Alumina Crucible, crucible alumina, aluminum oxide crucible
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